The aim of our study was to validate the use of the standardized Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) reporting system in individuals with known lung cancer who presented to the emergency department with suspected COVID-19. We included patients aged 18 years or older from the Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo (ICESP) with a confirmed diagnosis of lung cancer, admitted to the emergency department and undergoing chest computed tomography (CT) for suspicion of COVID-19. Comparison between SARS-CoV2 RT-PCR across RSNA categories was performed in all patients and further stratified by diagnosis of lung cancer progression. Among 58 individuals included in the analysis (65±9 years, 43% men), 20 had positive RT-PCR. Less than a half (43%) had no new lung findings in the CT. Positive RT-PCR was present in 75% of those with typical findings according to RSNA and in only 9% when these findings were classified as atypical or negative (P<0.001). Diagnostic accuracy was even higher when stratified by the presence or absence of progressive disease (PD). Extent of pulmonary inflammatory changes was strongly associated with higher mortality, reaching a lethality of 83% in patients with >25% of lung involvement and 100% when there was >50% of lung involvement. The lung involvement score was also highly predictive of prognosis in this population as was reported for non-lung cancer individuals. Collectively, our results demonstrated that diagnostic and prognostic values of chest CT findings in COVID-19 are robust to the presence of lung abnormalities related to lung cancer.

Abstract Biochar is a carbonaceous material that has excellent potential as a fertilizer and soil conditioner. However, there is a lack of information concerning the effects of the amount and particle size of this pyrogenic material on the soil sorption capacity. In this work, evaluation was made of changes in clomazone (CMZ) sorption in a Red Latosol following soil conditioning using different percentages (0.25, 0.5, and 1% w/w) of sugarcane biochar in three particle sizes (<106, 106-508, and 508-610 µm). The conditioned soils presented apparent sorption coefficients (Kd) up to 1300 times higher than that of pure soil, besides changes in the behavior of CMZ sorption. The biochar particle size and percentage influenced sorption of the herbicide as well as its retention in the amended soil during desorption processes. Both sorption and desorption Freundlich constants were linearly correlated with the external surface area of the biochar present in the soil.

O presente estudo avaliou as infecções parasitárias e a relação parasito-hospedeiro em Colossoma macropomumde oito pisciculturas do estado do Amapá, norte do Brasil. Foi coletado um total de 12.242.559,0 parasitos em hospedeiros das oito pisciculturas, e 87,4% dos peixes estavam infectados por uma ou mais espécies de parasitos, tais comoIchthyophthirius multifiliis, Piscinoodinium pillulare, Trichodinasp. e Tetrahymenasp. (Protozoa), Anacanthorus spathulatus, Linguadactyloides brinkmanni, Mymarothecium boegeri e Notozothecium janauachensis (Monogenoidea), Procamallanus(Spirocamallanus) inopinatus (Nematoda) e Perulernaea gamitanae e Braga patagonica (Crustacea). A dominância foi de I. multifiliis, mas os maiores níveis de parasitismo foram causados por I. multifiliis, P. pilulare, espécies de monogenoideas e P. gamitanae, e todos esses parasitos tiveram uma dispersão agregada. Nas oito pisciculturas houve diferenças quanto aos níveis de infecções parasitárias, manejo e qualidade da água, que foram aqui discutidas.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the parasites and parasite-host relationship in Colossoma macropomum from eight fish farms in Amapá State, Northern Brazil. A total of 12,242,559 parasites were recovered from hosts in the eight fish farms, and 87.4% of fish were infected by one or more parasite species, such as Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Piscinoodinium pillulare, Trichodinasp. and Tetrahymena sp. (Protozoa), Anacanthorus spathulatus, Linguadactyloides brinkmanni, Mymarothecium boegeri and Notozothecium janauachensis (Monogenoidea), Procamallanus(Spirocamallanus) inopinatus (Nematoda) and Perulernaea gamitanae and Braga patagonica (Crustacea). Ichthyophthirius multifiliis presented dominance, but the greatest levels of parasitism were caused by I. multifiliis, P. pilulare, monogenoideans species and P. gamitanae, and all these parasites had an aggregate dispersion. The eight fish farms have differences in the parasitic infection levels, management and water quality, which are further discussed here.

Avaliaram-se a proporção volumétrica dos constituintes do corpo lúteo e a distribuição de células lúteas com grânulos citoplasmáticos no corpo lúteo de animais Nelore ao longo da gestação e em animais não gestantes. Foram coletados ovários com corpos lúteos de 24 animais abatidos em frigorífico. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos: gestantes e não gestantes. A idade gestacional foi determinada pela medição do comprimento apicocaudal do feto. Os ovários foram distribuídos segundo o trimestre gestacional: primeiro- gestação de até 90 dias; segundo- de 91 a 180 dias; e terceiro- de 181 a 270 dias. Os corpos lúteos, processados para inclusão em paraplast, foram avaliados em microscópio de luz. Na proporção volumétrica do corpo lúteo, os constituintes avaliados foram citoplasma e núcleo de células lúteas, tecido conjuntivo e fibroblastos, células endoteliais e pericitos e vasos sanguíneos. A proporção volumétrica de citoplasma de células lúteas reduziu de 46,1±2,8% para 37,9±3,5% e a de núcleo de células lúteas reduziu de 9,2±1,0% para 6,2±1,0%, do primeiro para o segundo trimestre. A proporção de tecido conjuntivo e fibroblastos aumentou de 20,9±5,4%, no primeiro trimestre, para 34,0±4,2%, no segundo trimestre. Grânulos citoplasmáticos foram evidenciados pelas técnicas histoquímicas xylidine ponceau e azul de bromofenol, que indicam sua provável composição proteica. A quantidade de células maiores com grânulos aumentou significativamente de 2,3±1,9%, no primeiro trimestre, para 25,5±20,3%, no segundo. A proporção volumétrica de citoplasma e núcleo de células lúteas diminuiu ao longo da gestação, e a de tecido conjuntivo aumentou. A quantidade de células lúteas maiores contendo grânulos também aumentou ao longo da gestação.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in cycling and pregnant Nelore cows, the volumetric proportion of the corpus luteum and the distribution of lutein cells with cytoplasmic granules. Twenty four ovaries with corpus luteum were collected in a slaughterhouse. The ovaries were distributed into two groups: pregnant and non-pregnant cows. The group of pregnant cows was divided according to the stage of pregnancy, by the crown-rump fetus length: 1st third - until 90 days, 2nd third - between 91 and 180 days and 3rd third - between 181 and 270 days. The corpus luteum were processed for inclusion in paraplast, and slides were stained for analysis in light microscopy. The constituents quantified in the volumetric proportion were: lutein cells cytoplasm and nucleus, connective tissue and fibroblasts, endothelial cells and pericyte and blood vessels. The volumetric proportion of lutein cells cytoplasm decreased significantly from 46.1±2.8% to 37.9±3.5%, and also decreased significantly in the nucleus from 9.2±1.0% to 6.2±1.0% between the first and the second trimester of pregnancy. The amount of connective tissue and fibroblasts increased significantly throughout gestation, with 20.9±5.4% on the first trimester and 34.0±4.2% on the second. Granules were evidenced by the histochemical technique of Xylidine Ponceau and Bromophenol blue, indicating their probable protein composition. The amount of lutein cells with granules increased throughout gestation, but significant difference was observed only between the first (2.3±1.9%) and second trimester (25.5±20.3%). The cytoplasmic and nucleus volumetric proportion decreased during pregnancy and the volumetric proportion of connective tissue increased. The amount of lutein cells with granules increased throughout pregnancy.

Investigou-se a parasitofauna no gigante da bacia amazônica, pirarucu (Arapaima gigas Schinz, 1822), cultivado em pisciculturas do estado do Amapá, na Amazônia oriental, Brasil. Dos peixes examinados, 90,0% estavam parasitados por Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora), Dawestrema cycloancistrium, D. cycloancistrioides (Monogenoidea) e Polyacanthorhynchus macrorhynchus (Acanthocephala), os quais tiveram um padrão de distribuição agregado. As maiores taxas de infecção foram causadas por I. multifiliis, e as menores por P. macrorhynchus. As pisciculturas examinadas apresentaram diferentes taxas de infecção devido às diferentes características de qualidade de água e de manejo. Houve correlação negativa entre a intensidade de monogenoideas e o fator de condição relativo (Kn), mas a saúde dos peixes não foi afetada pelo parasitismo. A intensidade de I. multifiliis foi positivamente correlacionada com o peso e o comprimento, enquanto a intensidade de monogenoideas D. cycloancistrium e D. cycloancistrioides mostrou correlação negativa com o peso e o comprimento total dos hospedeiros. Este estudo foi o primeiro registro da ocorrência de P. macrorhynchus em A. gigas cultivados na Amazônia.

The parasitofauna in the giant Amazon basin, pirarucu (Arapaima gigas Schinz, 1822) cultured in fish farms from the state of Amapá, in eastern Amazonia (Brazil) was investigated. Of the 100 examined fish, 90.0% were parasitized by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora), Dawestrema cycloancistrium, Dawestrema cycloancistrioides (Monogenoidea) and Polyacanthorhynchus macrorhynchus (Acanthocephala), which had an aggregated distribution pattern. The highest infection rates were caused by I. multifiliis and the lowest by P. macrorhynchus. Infection rates were different for each fish farm, due to different water quality and management characteristics. A negative correlation was found between the intensity of monogenoideans D. cycloancistrium and D. cycloancistrioides and the relative condition factor (Kn), but the welfare of fish was not affected by parasitism. The number of I. multifiliis was positively correlated with the weight and total length of hosts, while the intensity of monogenoideans was negatively correlated with body weight and total length. This study is the first to record the occurrence of P. macrorhynchus in A. gigas farmed in Amazon.

Estudou-se as taxas de infestação pelo crustáceo Perulernaea gamitanae Thatcher & Paredes, 1985 em tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) e seus híbridos tambacu (C. macropomum x Piaractus mesopotamicus) e tambatinga (C. macropomum x Piaractus brachypomum) de duas pisciculturas no estado do Amapá, Brasil. Os lerneídeos parasitos (n=2.887) foram coletados principalmente na língua e na boca das espécies estudadas. Os crustáceos foram encontrados também nos filamentos e cartilagem dos arcos branquiais. Nos locais parasitados foram observados inflamação e nódulos fibrosos. As taxas de infestações variaram entre espécies e entre pisciculturas. Na piscicultura um a prevalência de P. gamitanae foi 100%, e na piscicultura dois, foi menor. A maior intensidade de infestação por P. gamitanae ocorreu nos híbridos tambacu e tambatinga. Apesar da elevada prevalência de P. gamitanae a intensidade de infestação foi moderada. Este é o primeiro relato sobre níveis epidemiológicos de P. gamitanae em peixes de cultivo da Amazônia brasileira, e amplia a ocorrência deste parasito crustáceo para dois novos hospedeiros, os híbridos tambacu e tambatinga.

The infestation rate in Colossoma macropomum, hybrid tambacu (C. macropomum x Piaractus mesopotamicus) and hybrid tambatinga (C. macropomum x Piaractus brachypomum) with Perulernaea gamitanae Thatcher and Paredes, 1985 from two fish farms in Amapá State, Brazil was studied. Lernaeid parasites (n=2887) were collected mainly on the tongue and the mouth cavity and also on cartilage of gill arches and filaments. Inflammation and fibrous nodules were observed on the attachment sites of the parasites. The infestation rate varied according to the fish farm and host. The prevalence of P. gamitanae was of 100% in hosts from one fish farm and was lower in the other fish farm. Higher intensity of P. gamitanae occurred in hybrids tambacu and tambatinga, but despite the high prevalence its intensity was moderate. This is the first report on epidemiology of P. gamitanae in cultured fishes from Brazilian Amazonia, and the occurrence of this crustacean parasite in two new hosts, the hybrids tambacu and tambatinga.

O glyphosate é o herbicida mais usado no controle de plantas daninhas em eucalipto, atuando diretamente na rota do ácido chiquímico, principal via de formação de compostos ligados aos mecanismos de defesa das plantas, como: lignina, ácido salicítico e fitoalexinas. Assim, o contato do glyphosate com as folhas do eucalipto pode levar a conseqüências importantes sobre a resistência a doenças. Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar o envolvimento do glyphosate, via deriva, na severidade da ferrugem causada por Puccinia psidii em genótipos de eucalipto com diferentes níveis de resistência ao patógeno. Para isso, mudas de quatro clones - dois heterozigotos resistentes à ferrugem (UFV01 e UFV02) e dois homozigotos suscetíveis (UFV03 e UFV04) - foram submetidas às subdoses de 0 (testemunha); 28,8; 57,6; 86,4; e 115,2 g ha-1 de glyphosate, simulando deriva. Três dias após a aplicação do glyphosate, as plantas foram inoculadas com o isolado monopustular UFV1 de P. psidii, obtido de Eucalyptus grandis, na região de Itapetininga, SP. Aos 21 dias após a inoculação, foram avaliados a severidade de ferrugem, utilizando-se uma escala diagramática com quatro classes (S0 e S1 resistentes à ferrugem e S2 e S3 suscetíveis), o número de pústulas cm-2 de área foliar, a área foliar lesionada pela ferrugem, o número médio de urediniósporos cm-2 de área foliar, o número médio de urediniósporos/pústula e a porcentagem de intoxicação pelo glyphosate. O clone UFV04 foi o mais sensível ao glyphosate, enquanto o UFV01 apresentou maior tolerância ao herbicida. O glyphosate não alterou o nível de resistência à ferrugem nos genótipos resistentes (UFV01 e UFV02) que apresentaram ausência de pústulas nas folhas, tanto em plantas expostas à deriva quanto nas testemunhas. Para os demais clones, manteve-se a suscetibilidade à ferrugem, embora, com o aumento das doses de glyphosate, tenha se observado diminuição da severidade da doença. Conclui-se que o glyphosate não afetou a resistência do eucalipto a Puccinia psidii, ocorrendo diminuição da severidade da doença em plantas expostas ao glyphosate via deriva, e que existe tolerância diferencial entre os clones ao herbicida.

Glyphosate is the herbicide most applied on eucalyptus plantations for weed control, acting directly on the shikimic acid pathway, the main via for the formation of compounds connected with the natural defenses of the plant, such as lignin, salicytic acid and phytoalexins. Thus, glyphosate contact with the leaves of the plant through drift may have important consequences for disease resistance. The aim of our research was to evaluate glyphosate drift involvement with severity of rust caused by Puccinia psidii in genotypes with different levels of resistance to the pathogen, after inoculation in a controlled environment. Seedlings of four clones, two heterozygote clones resistant to rust (UFV01 and UFV02) and two homozygote clones susceptible to rust (UFV03 and UFV04) were submitted to sub-doses of 0 (control); 28.8, 57.6, 86.4 and 115.2 g ha-1 of glyphosate simulating drift. Three days after glyphosate application, the plants were inoculated with UFV01 isolated from P. psidii obtained from Eucalyptus grandis in the Itapetininga region. On day 21 after inoculation, the following parameters were evaluated: rust intensity, by means of a diagrammatic scale with four classes of severity (SO and S2 resistant to rust and S2 and S3 susceptible to rust), number of pustules per leaf area, area affected by rust, average number of urediniospores cm-2, glyphosate percentage intoxication, and average number of urediniospores/pustule. Clone UFV04 was found to be the most susceptible while UFV01 was the most tolerant to the herbicide. Drift did not change the level of resistance to rust with respect to the resistant genotypes (UFV01 and UFV02) which presented no pustule both in plants exposed to drift and control plants. Susceptibility was maintained for the other clones, with a higher pustule density and higher percentage of affected area becoming evident for clone UFV03. For some clones susceptible to rust, rust severity decreased with glyphosate dosage increase. It was concluded that glyphosate did not affect eucalyptus resistance to Puccinia psidii and that there is differential tolerance to the herbicide among the clones.