Abstract Polyphenols interact with salivary proteins and thus can improve the pellicle’s erosion protective properties. This effect could be exploited to create rinsing solutions with polyphenols as active ingredients for erosion prevention. Different from the current gold standard for erosion protective rinsing solutions, these rinses would not rely on stannous ions. This would offer alternatives for patients with concerns regarding the composition of rinsing solutions and preferring bio-products. Objective To develop an erosion-preventive rinsing solution containing natural polyphenol-rich extracts. Methodology Solutions were prepared with polyphenols from either grapeseed extract or cranberry extract, 500 ppm fluoride added, and additionally flavors and sweeteners. Controls were deionized water, 500 ppm fluoride solution, and the gold standard rinse in the field (Sn2+/F-). In total, 135 enamel specimens (n=15/group) were subjected to five cycles of salivary pellicle formation (30 min, 37°C), modification with the solutions (2 min, 25°C), further salivary pellicle formation (60 min, 37°C), and erosive challenge (1 min, 1% citric acid, pH 3.6). Relative surface microhardness (rSMH), surface reflection intensity (rSRI), and amount of calcium release (CaR) were investigated. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon rank sum tests (α=0.05). Results The polyphenol solutions containing fluoride, as well as additional flavors, protected enamel better than fluoride alone, and similar to the Sn2+/F- solution, when investigating both rSMH and CaR. When measuring rSRI, Sn2+/F- showed the best protection, while the polyphenol solutions were similar to fluoride. Conclusion For two of the three assessed parameters (rSMH and CaR), both developed polyphenol-rich rinsing solutions were able to protect enamel from erosion, improving/potentializing the effect of fluoride and matching the protection offered by the current gold standard rinsing solution.

Resumo O artigo propõe uma investigação etnográfica de questões julgadas íntimas ou familiares nos movimentos migratórios de surinameses para a Holanda, intensificados pela “crise” dos últimos anos na economia surinamesa. São enfatizados os desentendimentos familiares provocados por práticas tidas como obsoletas por imigrantes já estabelecidos - sobretudo as brincadeiras infantis entendidas como violentas - e os processos de “adaptação” dos novos imigrantes ao “meio”, analisados a partir das reflexões de Gregory Bateson, sobretudo aquelas acerca do que chamou de dêutero-aprendizagem. Também são exploradas as imagens de “complexidade”, “cultura” e “autenticidade” evocadas nesse tipo de deslocamento, bem como os efeitos da inserção do etnógrafo nas escolhas e as ênfases descritivas que compõem o texto.

Abstract This article proposes an ethnographic investigation on subjects as “intimate” or familial implied in the immigration of Surinamese people to the Netherlands, intensified by the recent crisis in the Surinamese economy. Emphasizing familial misunderstandings caused by practices as “obsolete” by well-established immigrants - such as children’s games seen as “violent” - and the processes of “adaptation” of new immigrants to the “environment”, analyzed through notions such as Gregory Bateson’s deutero-learning. Images of “complexity”, “culture” and “authenticity” implied in the process of migration. Will also be analyzed, as well as the effects of the ethnographer’s presence on the descriptive choices and emphasis that make up the text.

Resumen El artículo propone una investigación etnográfica de temas familiares en los movimientos migratorios de surinameses a Holanda, intensificados por la “crisis” de los últimos años en la economía de Surinam. Son enfatizados los desentendimientos familiares provocados por las prácticas obsoletas de inmigrantes ya establecidos - sobre todo: los juegos infantiles violentos - los procesos de “adaptación” de los nuevos inmigrantes al “medio”, analizados a partir de las reflexiones de Gregory Bateson, especialmente aquellos acerca de lo que denominó de deuteroaprendizaje. También son exploradas las imágenes de “complejidad”, “cultura” y “autenticidad” evocadas en ese tipo de desplazamiento, así como los efectos de la inserción del etnógrafo en las decisiones y énfasis descriptivas que componen el texto.

O artigo a seguir trata, do ponto de vista etnográfico, das "brigas" (familievete/vechten) entre famílias judaicas em Paramaribo, capital do Suriname. A "briga" é entendida, no contexto etnográfico em questão, como momento não apenas de ruptura, mas de surgimento de novas alianças através da "tomada de lados" (partij kiezen /deel te nemen). Parentelas não atualizadas são acionadas, e pessoas se tornam "parentes" (relatief), da mesma forma que certas relações arrefecem, distanciando os sujeitos e mudando a forma de se referir a estes. As "brigas", além disso, trazem à tona a distinção nativa entre o dado e o construído: alguns, por se omitirem nessas contendas ou tomarem outro "lado", tornam-se parentes apenas de "sangue" (bloed) ou "nome" (naam). Buscar-se-á, dessa forma, explorar a dimensão positiva dessas "brigas", entendendo-as não apenas como provocadoras do que chamaríamos "rompimento", mas produtoras de novas alianças e obrigações.

The article is an ethnography of the "feuds" (familievete/vechten) between Jewish families in Paramaribo, Suriname. In this ethnographic context, the "feud" is understood not only as a moment when alliances are broken, but also as an event where new alliances arise, since individuals have to "choose sides" (partij kiezen/deel te nemen). Non-actualized kinship relations thus appear, as people become relatives (relatief), while other relations lose their intensity, rendering people apart and changing the terms they use to refer to each other. The "feuds" bring up local distinctions between "biological" and "social": some individuals, by choosing not to take part in these disputes or choosing a different "side", become merely "blood" (bloed) or "name" (naam) relatives. The focus is therefore on the positive dimension of "feuds", which are not only the cause of a "rupture", but active producers of new relations and obligations.