Este estudo avaliou o efeito de suplementos alimentares com diferentes níveis de proteína sobre a resposta reprodutiva e metabólica de ovelhas durante o período de monta. Quarenta e uma ovelhas foram suplementadas durante 43 dias com proteína em quantidade para satisfazer 1,0 (dieta I; n = 14), 1,7 (dieta II; n = 13) e 2,1 (dieta III; n = 14) vezes as exigências de manutenção. O consumo de matéria seca (MS) foi superior (P < 0,01) na dieta III quando comparada com as dietas I e II. As sobras foram menores nas dietas II e III (P < 0,05) quando comparada à dieta I. O consumo de matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB) e extrato estéreo (EE) foram superiores na dieta III, porém a ingestão de NDF e ADF foi maior na dieta I (P < 0,05). Na dieta III foi observada uma maior frequência de fêmeas montadas (P < 0,05). A taxa de prolificidade e gemelaridade foi maior em ovelhas da dieta II (P < 0,05). Verificou-se um maior peso ao nascimento de cordeiros (P < 0,05) na dieta III. Os níveis de progesterona medidos após o acasalamento foram afetados pelas dietas II e III (P < 0,05). Em conclusão, a suplementação de ovelhas com nível intermediário de proteína melhora sua resposta reprodutiva.

This study evaluated the effect of food supplements with different levels of protein on reproductive and metabolic response of ewes during the mating period. Forty-one ewes were supplemented during 43 days with amount protein to meet 1.0 (diet I; n = 14), 1.7 (diet II; n = 13) and 2.1 (diet III; n = 14) times the maintenance requirements. Dry matter (DM) intake was higher (P < 0.01) in diet III when compared to diets I and II. Orts were lesser in diets II and III (P < 0.05) when compared to diet I. Intake of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) was higher in diet III (P < 0.05), but NDF and ADF intake was superior in diet I (P < 0.05). In diet III, a higher frequency of female mated was observed (P < 0.05). The prolificity and twinning rate was higher in ewes of diet II (P < 0.05). Greater birth weight of lambs (P < 0.05) was verified in diet III. The progesterone levels were affected by diets II and III (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of ewes with intermediate level of protein improves their reproductive response.

Studies based on shell or reproductive organ morphology and genetic considerations suggest extensive intraspecific variation in Biomphalaria snails. The high variability at the morphological and genetic levels, as well as the small size of some specimens and similarities between species complicate the correct identification of these snails. Here we review our work using methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification for analysis of genetic variation and identification of Biomphalaria snails from Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay. Arbitrarily primed-PCR revealed that the genome of B. glabrata exihibits a remarkable degree of intraespecific polymorphism. Low stringency-PCR using primers for 18S rRNA permited the identification of B. glabrata, B. tenagophila and B. occidentalis. The study of individuals obtained from geographically distinct populations exhibits significant intraspecific DNA polymorphism, however specimens from the same species, exhibit some species specific LSPs. We also showed that PCR-restriction fragment of length polymorphism of the internal transcribed spacer region of Biomphalaria rDNA, using DdeI permits the differentiation of the three intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni. The molecular biological techniques used in our studies are very useful for the generation of new knowledge concerning the systematics and population genetics of Biomphalaria snails.