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Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide, and breast cancer is the most prevalent and deadly type among women. Despite the side effects and the phenomena of chemoresistance associated with the drugs involved, chemotherapy remains the main therapeutic strategy to combat and control breast cancer. Therefore, several new classes of compounds against breast cancer have been explored, in an effort to identify new drug candidates with alternative mechanisms of action. The principal results of such exploration, focusing on caged xanthones, thiosemicarbazones and photosensitizers, are presented in this review, along with the main aspects of the drug discovery process against breast cancer. More specifically, the design, structure-activity relationship investigations and anti-breast cancer properties of these three classes are described and discussed in this work. worldwide women involved Therefore explored action exploration xanthones photosensitizers review specifically design structureactivity structure activity antibreast anti work

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230128

Gene-environment interactions and preterm birth predictors: A Bayesian network approach
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Elias, Dario E.

; Santos, Maria R.

; Campaña, Hebe

; Poletta, Fernando A.

; Heisecke, Silvina L.

; Gili, Juan A.

; Ratowiecki, Julia

; Cosentino, Viviana R.

; Uranga, Rocio

; Málaga, Diana Rojas

; Oliveira Netto, Alice Brinckmann

; Brusius-Facchin, Ana Carolina

; Saleme, César

; Rittler, Mónica

; Krupitzki, Hugo B.

; Camelo, Jorge S. Lopez

; Gimenez, Lucas G.

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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2023, Volume 46 N. 4 elocation e20230090

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Preterm birth (PTB) is the main condition related to perinatal morbimortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify gene-environment interactions associated with spontaneous PTB or its predictors. We carried out a retrospective case-control study including parental sociodemographic and obstetric data as well as newborn genetic variants of 69 preterm and 61 at term newborns born at a maternity hospital from Tucumán, Argentina, between 2005 and 2010. A data-driven Bayesian network including the main PTB predictors was created where we identified gene-environment interactions. We used logistic regressions to calculate the odds ratios and confidence intervals of the interactions. From the main PTB predictors (nine exposures and six genetic variants) we identified an interaction between low neighbourhood socioeconomic status and rs2074351 (PON1, genotype GG) variant that was associated with an increased risk of toxoplasmosis (odds ratio 12.51, confidence interval 95%: 1.71 - 91.36). The results of this exploratory study suggest that structural social disparities could influence the PTB risk by increasing the frequency of exposures that potentiate the risk associated with individual characteristics such as genetic traits. Future studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to confirm these findings.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0090

Long-term Ecological Research: Chasing fashions or being prepared for fashion changes?
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BERGALLO, HELENA G.

; ROSA, CLARISSA

; OCHOA, ANA C.

; MANZATTO, ANGELO GILBERTO

; GUIMARAES, ARETHA F.

; BANHOS, AUREO

; CASTILHO, CAROLINA V.

; BARROS, CLAUDIA F.

; NORRIS, DARREN

; DRUCKER, DEBORA P.

; RODRIGUES, DOMINGOS J.

; BACCARO, FABRICIO B.

; LOURENÇO, IGOR H.

; ZUANON, JANSEN

; STEGMANN, LIS F.

; ANJOS, MARCELO R.

; SILVEIRA, MARCOS

; ARAÚJO, PATRICIA S.G.

; BOBROWIEC, PAULO E.D.

; FADINI, RODRIGO

; NECKEL-OLIVEIRA, SELVINO

; EMILIO, THAISE

; SANTORELLI JUNIOR, SERGIO

; MAGNUSSON, WILLIAM E.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 N. 3 elocation e20230051

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Long-term-ecological-research (LTER) faces many challenges, including the difficulty of obtaining long-term funding, changes in research questions and sampling designs, keeping researchers collecting standardized data for many years, impediments to interactions with local people, and the difficulty of integrating the needs of local decision makers with “big science”. These issues result in a lack of universally accepted guidelines as to how research should be done and integrated among LTER sites. Here we discuss how the RAPELD (standardized field infrastructure system), can help deal with these issues as a complementary technique in LTER studies, allowing comparisons across landscapes and ecosystems and reducing sampling costs. RAPELD uses local surveys to understand broad spatial and temporal patterns while enhancing decision-making and training of researchers, local indigenous groups and traditional communities. Sampling of ecological data can be carried out by different researchers through standardized protocols, resulting in spatial data that can be used to answer temporal questions, and allow new questions to be investigated. Results can also be integrated into existing biodiversity networks. Integrated systems are the most efficient way to save resources, maximize results, and accumulate information that can be used in the face of the unknown unknowns upon which our future depends.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320230051

Zoonotic Giardia duodenalis assemblage A in northern sloth from Brazilian Amazon
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dos Reis, Lisiane Lappe

; de Souza, Lirna Salvioni Silva

; Braga, Francisco Carlos de Oliveira

; Lima, Dayane Costa de Souza

; Lima, Natália Aparecida de Souza

; Padinha, Jessica da Silva

; Nava, Alessandra Ferreira Dales

; Vicente, Ana Carolina Paulo

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2023, Volume 118 elocation e230088

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND The parasite Giardia duodenalis infects a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including domestic and wild animals as well as humans. Giardia is genotyped into eight assemblages (A-H). Zoonotic assemblages A and B have already been identified in humans and wild and domestic animals (non-human primates and cats) from Brazilian Amazon and in the world. Due to its zoonotic/zooanthroponotic nature, surveillance initiatives and the definition of Giardia assemblages are important in order to characterise the epidemiological scenario and to implement further control measures. OBJECTIVES Determine assemblages of G. duodenalis in sloths from the Brazilian Amazon Region. METHODS Faecal parasitological examination of sloths from Amazonas State. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the beta giardin (BG), and genes from multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme, amplicon sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. FINDINGS Here, we identified, by microscopy, Giardia in two northern sloths (Bradypus tridactylus). These two samples were submitted to molecular assays and it was revealed that both were infected by G. duodenalis assemblage A. Phylogenetic analysis showed that they belong to assemblage A within sequences from humans and wild and domestic animals. CONCLUSION Therefore, besides showing, by the first time, the current presence of this parasite in sloths, our findings reveals that this wild animal species would be part of the zoonotic/zooanthroponotic scenario of this parasite in the Brazilian Amazon.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760230088

Segmentation of the Apodi-Mossoró river and pedogenetic changes in soils in alluvial environments
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Lima, Rebeca N. da S.

; Rego, Lunara G. da S.

; Souza, Carolina M. M.

; Oliveira, Renato D. D. de

; Rêgo Júnior, Alrivan G. do

Revista Caatinga

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2023, Volume 36 N. 4 Pages 843 - 856

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT The Apodi-Mossoró River Basin is important for the west region of the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil. The rapid increase in population and consequent need for space has resulted in anthropogenic actions, such as the segmentation of the river course within the municipality of Mossoró, RN. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of this segmentation on soils in alluvial environments. Soil collection points were defined in natural and anthropized areas in the Mossoró urban segment; soil profiles were described and collected; and samples of the soil 0-10 and 10-20 cm were collected. The samples were subjected to physical and chemical analyses to determine granulometry, density, aggregates, pH in water, available phosphorus (P), exchangeable bases, potential acidity, total organic carbon, nitrogen, and micronutrients (Cu and Zn). Maps of location and land use and cover were developed. The soil found in the natural area was classified as Neossolo Fluvico Psamitico eutrico, presenting typical physical and chemical characteristics of this soil class, with variable texture and P contents along the soil profile. The soil in the anthropized area was classified as Planossolo Haplico Carbonatico vertissolico, with Ap Horizon presenting a sandy loam texture, since it is a horizon formed due to anthropogenic activity in the environment. All horizons and profiles presented high pH. The evaluated areas formed different groups regarding soil physical and chemical attributes, with overlapping points that can be explained by anthropogenic actions, even in the environment considered natural.

RESUMO A bacia hidrográfica do Rio Apodi-Mossoró é de grande importância para a região Oeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Com o aumento acelerado da população e a consequente necessidade de espaço geográfico, ações antrópicas como a tricotomização foram necessárias no curso do rio do município de Mossoró/RN. O presente trabalho objetiva compreender os efeitos da tricotomização em solos no ambiente aluvial. Foram definidos pontos de coleta nas áreas natural e antropizada no trecho urbano de Mossoró, descritos e coletados perfis de solo, além da coleta de amostras de solo nas profundidades de 0 - 0,10 m e 0,10 - 0,20 m. Foram realizadas análises físicas e químicas nas amostras, consistindo em: granulometria, densidade do solo, agregados, pH em água, P disponível, bases trocáveis, acidez potencial, carbono orgânico total (COT), nitrogênio (N) e micronutrientes (Cu e Zn). Também foram confeccionados mapas de localização, uso e ocupação dos solos. O solo observado na área natural foi classificado como Neossolo Flúvico Psamítico êutrico, apresentando características físicas e químicas típicas da classe de solo, como textura e teores de P variáveis ao longo do perfil. Na área antropizada, o solo foi classificado como Planossolo Háplico Carbonático vertissólico, com horizonte Ap apresentando textura franco arenosa por se tratar de um horizonte decorrente da atividade antrópica no ambiente. Todos os horizontes e perfis apresentaram pH elevados. As áreas formam grupos distintos em relação aos atributos físicos e químicos, com pontos de sobreposição que podem ser justificados pela atuação do homem mesmo no ambiente considerado natural.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n412rc

THE INFLUENCE OF THE FILM FORMED ON THE PRATO CHEESE SURFACE DURING THE NACL AND KCL SALTING PROCESS: APPLICATION OF THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD AND NEURAL NETWORKS OF THE SELF-ORGANIZING MAP (SOM) AND MULTILAYER PERCEPTRON (MLP) TYPES
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Borsato, Dionisio

; Silva, Hágata C.

; Mantovani, Ana Carolina G.

; Clemente, Marco A. J.

; Oliveira, Talita F. de

; Angilelli, Karina B.

Química Nova

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jun 2022, Volume 45 N. 6 Pages 666 - 673

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Sodium chloride is used in the cheese salting process as it promotes sensory changes and food preservation. However, in excess can cause hypertension problems, and for this reason, it has been partially replaced by potassium chloride. In the present work, Prato cheese was subjected to joint diffusion of NaCl and KCl by immersion in static and stirred brine. The salt concentration values on the cheese surface were determined as a function of time. They were tabulated and presented to the self-organizing map (SOM)-type neural networks and the multilayer perceptron (MLP) for analysis and modeling of the film formed on the surface of the cheese during static and dynamic salting. The SOM network showed that the behavior of the diffusive process, on the surface of the cheese, depends on the analyzed position and that the points in which occupy similar positions, concerning the distance from the edge, have similar behavior. Regression models for NaCl and KCl were significant at the 5% level and can be used for predictive purposes.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170868

Effective recommendations towards healthy routines to preserve mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Pilz, Luísa K.

; Couto Pereira, Natividade S.

; Francisco, Ana Paula

; Carissimi, Alicia

; Constantino, Débora B.

; Caus, Letícia B.

; Abreu, Ana Carolina O.

; Amando, Guilherme R.

; Bonatto, Fernanda S.

; Carvalho, Paula V.V.

; Cipolla-Neto, José

; Harb, Ana

; Lazzarotto, Gabriela

; Marafiga, Joseane Righes

; Minuzzi, Luciano

; Montagner, Francisco

; Nishino, Fernanda A.

; Oliveira, Melissa A.B.

; dos Santos, Bruno G.T.

; Steibel, Eduardo G.

; Tavares, Patrice S.

; Tonon, André C.

; Xavier, Nicóli B.

; Zanona, Querusche Klippel

; Amaral, Fernanda G.

; Calcagnotto, Maria Elisa

; Frey, Benicio N.

; Hidalgo, Maria Paz

; Idiart, Marco

; Russomano, Thais

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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apr 2022, Volume 44 N. 2 Pages 136 - 146

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Objective: To assess the adherence to a set of evidence-based recommendations to support mental health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its association with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Methods: A team of health workers and researchers prepared the recommendations, formatted into three volumes (1: COVID-19 prevention; 2: Healthy habits; 3: Biological clock and sleep). Participants were randomized to receive only Volume 1 (control), Volumes 1 and 2, Volumes 1 and 3, or all volumes. We used a convenience sample of Portuguese-speaking participants over age 18 years. An online survey consisting of sociodemographic and behavioral questionnaires and mental health instruments (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9] and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7]) was administered. At 14 and 28 days later, participants were invited to complete follow-up surveys, which also included questions regarding adherence to the recommendations. A total of 409 participants completed the study – mostly young adult women holding university degrees. Results: The set of recommendations contained in Volumes 2 and 3 was effective in protecting mental health, as suggested by significant associations of adherence with PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores (reflecting anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively). Conclusion: The recommendations developed in this study could be useful to prevent negative mental health effects in the context of the pandemic and beyond.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2021-2109

Mutagenic effect of a commercial fungicide on Rana catesbeiana and Leptodactylus latrans tadpoles
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ASSIS, RHAYANE A.

; BENVINDO-SOUZA, MARCELINO

; ARAÚJO-SANTOS, CIRLEY G.

; BORGES, RINNEU E.

; SANTOS-FILHO, ITAMAR D.

; OLIVEIRA, LEISSA CAROLINA

; MENDONÇA, MARIA ANDREIA C.

; SANTOS, LIA RAQUEL S.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 Suppl. 4 elocation e20210161

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract We have examined the mutagenic effects of the fungicide Elatus® on tadpoles of Rana catesbeiana and Leptodactylus latrans. Sixty-four tadpoles of each species have been exposed to three concentrations of Elatus® (10, 20, and 50 µg/L-1) during 96 hours. We’ve carried out the micronucleus test (MN) and erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (ENAs) in 32 tadpoles of each species, the others 32 tadpoles of each species remained in a solution free of Elatus® during 96 hours, in order to assess the ability to recover from the damage caused by the fungicide. There was significant difference in MNs frequency between the treatment exposed to 50µg/L-1 and the control groups for R. catesbeiana, while for L. latrans, we’ve found difference between the treatment of 20 µg/L-1, followed by a period without exposure to the contaminant and the control group when all ENAs were analyzed. When we compared the two species, R. catesbeiana presented a higher frequency of MNs than L. latrans in the treatment exposed to 50 µg/L-1of the fungicide. Our findings highlight the need to monitor amphibians in places where this product is widely used.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220210161

Systematic review on efficacy of preventive measures for surgical site infection by multiple-drug resistant gram-negative bacilli
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Matos, Juliana Arruda de

; Gomes, Amanda da Silva

; Lima, Carla Ormundo G. Ximenes

; Schmaltz, Carolina Arana Stanis

; Oliveira, Cristiane Rocha de

; Silva, Grasiela Martins da

; Carijó, Júlia Herkenhoff

; Lopes, Marilena Aguiar

; Morais, Quenia Cristina Dias

; Brasil, Pedro Emmanuel Alvarenga Americano do

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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2022, Volume 26 N. 6 elocation 102705

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Background: There are no specific recommendations for prevention of surgical site infection (SSI) caused by multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacilli (MDR-GNB). Our objective was to systematically review the literature evaluating the efficacy and safety of measures specifically designed to prevent MDR-GNB SSI. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and LILACS databases up to February 18, 2020. Randomized trials and observational cohort studies evaluating the efficacy of preventive measures against MDR-GNB SSI in adult surgical patients were eligible. We evaluated methodological quality of studies and general quality of evidence using Newcastle-Ottawa scale, Cochrane ROBINS-I and GRADE method. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager V.5.3 software. Results: A total of 10,663 titles by searching databases were identified. Two retrospective observational studies, comparing surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) with or without aminoglycoside in renal transplantation recipients, and one non-randomized prospective study, evaluating ertapenem vs. cephalosporin plus metronidazole for SAP in extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriales carriers undergoing colon surgery, were included. Risk of bias was high in all studies. Meta-analysis was performed for the renal transplantation studies, with 854 patients included. Combined relative risk (RR) for MDR GNB SSI was 0.57 (95%CI: 0.25-1.34), favoring SAP with aminoglycoside (GRADE: moderate). Conclusions: There are no sufficient data supporting specific measures against MDR-GNB SSI. Prospective, randomized studies are necessary to assess the efficacy and safety of SAP with aminoglycoside for MDR-GNB SSI prevention among renal transplantation recipients and other populations. PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018100845.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2022.102705

10.

A influência do cinema na formação da imagem internacional do Brasil
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Costa Perinotto, André Riani

; Vergal, Ana Carolina

; S. G. Gimenes Minasse, Maria Henriqueta

; de Oliveira da Silva, Bruno

Anagramas -Rumbos y sentidos de la comunicación-

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dec 2021, Volume 20 N. 39 Pages 33 - 55

Abstract: Es En Pt | Text: Es En Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Resumen El cine se ha convertido en una herramienta efectiva para la difusión de destinos a lo largo de su historia, permitiendo diferentes concepciones de lo imaginario e identidades nacionales. Desde esta perspectiva, surgió el estudio en cuestión, cuyo objetivo era analizar cómo se ha abordado la imagen de Brasil en obras cinematográficas nacionales e internacionales de acuerdo con la percepción de los espectadores extranjeros. Bajo un enfoque mixto, se desarrolló un instrumento de recolección de datos en formato de cuestionario para evaluar cómo el público extranjero ha visto el país, y para verificar la relación de las características atribuidas por ellos con las imágenes retratadas en las películas Ciudad de Dios (2002), Tropa de Élite (2007), Río (2011), Rápidos y furiosos: 5in Control (2011) e Río 2 (2014). A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se encontró que la imagen del país es estereotipada y que los clichés presentados en las producciones cinematográficas también están presentes en el discurso del público participante en la investigación. El estudio destaca la necesidad de crear acciones para mejorar la imagen nacional presente en la imaginación extranjera, lo que se refleja directamente en la promoción y el aumento del flujo en la actividad turística.

Abstract Cinema has become an effective tool in the dissemination of destinations over time, enabling different imaginary and national identity conceptions. From this perspective, the present paper aims to analyze how Brazil’s image has been approached in the national and international cinematographic works according to the perception of foreign viewers. From a mixed approach, a questionnaire was developed in order to assess how the foreign public has seen the country and to verify the relationship between the characteristics attributed by them and the images portrayed in the movies City of God (2002), Elite Squad (2007), Rio (2011), Fast Five (2011) and Rio 2 (2014). The results show that the country’s image is stereotyped and that the clichés presented in cinematographic productions are also present in the discourse of the public that participated in the research. The paper emphasizes the need for actions to improve the national image present in the foreign imagination, thus reflecting directly in the promotion and increased flow in the tourist activity.

Resumo O cinema transformou-se em uma efetiva ferramenta para a divulgação de destinos ao longo de sua história, possibilitando distintas concepções de imaginários e identidades nacionais. Sob esta perspectiva, surgiu o estudo em questão, que visou analisar como a imagem do Brasil tem sido abordada nas obras cinematográficas nacionais e internacionais de acordo com a percepção de espectadores estrangeiros. Sob uma abordagem mista, foi desenvolvido um instrumento de coleta de dados em formato de questionário/entrevista, com a finalidade de aferir como o público estrangeiro tem visto o país, e verificar a relação das características atribuídas por eles com as imagens retratadas em cinco filmes: Cidade de Deus (2002), Tropa de Elite (2007), Rio (2011), Velozes e Furiosos 5: Operação Rio (2011) e Rio 2 (2014). A partir dos resultados, foi constatado que a imagem do país é estereotipada e que os clichês apresentados nas produções cinematográficas também estão presentes nas respostas do público participante da pesquisa. O estudo ressalta a necessidade de que sejam criadas ações para a melhoria da imagem nacional presente no imaginário estrangeiro, refletindo, assim, diretamente na promoção e aumento de fluxo na atividade turística.

https://doi.org/10.22395/angr.v20n39a2 33 downloads

11.

Multivariate Optimization Applied to the Synthesis of Meglumine Antimoniate with Low Levels of Trivalent Antimony
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Fabrino, Henrique J. F.

; Frezard, Frédéric J. G.

; Oliveira, Ana Carolina B. de

; Costa, Letícia M.

; Demicheli, Cynthia P.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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aug 2021, Volume 32 N. 8 Pages 1568 - 1574

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Meglumine antimoniate (MA) is a pentavalent antimony (SbV) drug recommended for the treatment of leishmaniasis. It is known that the trivalent antimony (SbIII) present as a residue in MA contributes to the drug side effects. In this article, multivariate optimization was used in the synthesis of MA in order to obtain a drug with low levels of SbIII. Four variables (source of antimony, temperature, water volume and pH) were preliminarily evaluated by 24-1 fractional factorial design. Central composite design (CCD) was used to determine the optimal synthesis conditions, using two different sources of SbV and the significant variables selected in a fractional factorial design. Response surface methodology obtained by CCD provided a model with non-significant regression (p = 0.05) for the synthetic route via KSb(OH)6. On the other hand, synthetic route via SbCl5 reached minimum value of SbIII content of 0.172% and significant regression, and it was selected for further evaluations. The analysis of MA formulations synthesized with SbCl5 under optimized conditions revealed the efficiency of multivariate optimization to reduce SbIII content. In addition, the monitoring of some physicochemical parameters of these formulations maintained at 40 ºC for 90 days, showed that stability was not altered at 95% confidence level.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210054 63 downloads

12.

Use and misuse of biomarkers and the role of D-dimer and C-reactive protein in the management of COVID-19: A post-hoc analysis of a prospective cohort study
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Gonçalves, Fabio Augusto Rodrigues

; Besen, Bruno Adler Maccagnan Pinheiro

; Lima, Clarice Antunes de

; Corá, Aline Pivetta

; Pereira, Antônio José Rodrigues

; Perazzio, Sandro Félix

; Gouvea, Christiane Pereira

; Fonseca, Luiz Augusto Marcondes

; Trindade, Evelinda Marramon

; Sumita, Nairo Massakazu

; Duarte, Alberto José da Silva

; Lichtenstein, Arnaldo

; Bonfa, Eloisa

; Utiyama, Edivaldo M.

; Segurado, Aluisio C.

; Perondi, Beatriz

; Miethke-Morais, Anna

; Montal, Amanda C.

; Harima, Leila

; Fusco, Solange R. G.

; Silva, Marjorie F.

; Rocha, Marcelo C.

; Marcilio, Izabel

; Rios, Izabel Cristina

; Kawano, Fabiane Yumi Ogihara

; Jesus, Maria Amélia de

; Kallas, Ésper George

; Carmo, Carolina

; Tanaka, Clarice

; Souza, Heraldo Possolo de

; Marchini, Julio F. M.

; Carvalho, Carlos

; Ferreira, Juliana C.

; Levin, Anna Sara Shafferman

; Oliveira, Maura Salaroli

; Guimarães, Thaís

; Lázari, Carolina dos Santos

; Sabino, Ester

; Magri, Marcello M. C.

; Barros-Filho, Tarcisio E. P.

; Francisco, Maria Cristina Peres Braido

; Costa, Silvia F.

Clinics

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2021, Volume 76 elocation e3547

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with high mortality among hospitalized patients and incurs high costs. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection can trigger both inflammatory and thrombotic processes, and these complications can lead to a poorer prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the association and temporal trends of D-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels with the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), hospital mortality, and costs among inpatients with COVID-19. METHODS: Data were extracted from electronic patient records and laboratory databases. Crude and adjusted associations for age, sex, number of comorbidities, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score at admission, and D-dimer or CRP logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations. RESULTS: Between March and June 2020, COVID-19 was documented in 3,254 inpatients. The D-dimer level ≥4,000 ng/mL fibrinogen equivalent unit (FEU) mortality odds ratio (OR) was 4.48 (adjusted OR: 1.97). The CRP level ≥220 mg/dL OR for death was 7.73 (adjusted OR: 3.93). The D-dimer level ≥4,000 ng/mL FEU VTE OR was 3.96 (adjusted OR: 3.26). The CRP level ≥220 mg/dL OR for VTE was 2.71 (adjusted OR: 1.92). All these analyses were statistically significant (p<0.001). Stratified hospital costs demonstrated a dose-response pattern. Adjusted D-dimer and CRP levels were associated with higher mortality and doubled hospital costs. In the first week, elevated D-dimer levels predicted VTE occurrence and systemic inflammatory harm, while CRP was a hospital mortality predictor. CONCLUSION: D-dimer and CRP levels were associated with higher hospital mortality and a higher incidence of VTE. D-dimer was more strongly associated with VTE, although its discriminative ability was poor, while CRP was a stronger predictor of hospital mortality. Their use outside the usual indications should not be modified and should be discouraged.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e3547

13.

Giardiasis in urban and rural Amazonas, Brazil is driven by zoonotic and cosmopolitan A and B assemblages
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dos Reis, Lisiane Lappe

; da Silva, Túllio Romão Ribeiro

; Braga, Francisco Carlos de Oliveira

; do Nascimento, Naara Macedo

; de Menezes, Katia Maria Lima

; Nava, Alessandra Ferreira Dales

; Lima, Natália Aparecida de Souza

; Vicente, Ana Carolina Paulo

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2021, Volume 116 elocation e210280

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND Giardia duodenalis is a protozoan parasite that infects humans and other mammals and causes giardiasis worldwide. Giardia is genotyped into eight assemblages (A-H), with assemblages A and B considered zoonotic. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the assemblages of G. duodenalis from individuals living in rural and urban areas of the Amazonas State. METHODS 103 human faecal specimens microscopically positive for the presence of Giardia obtained from four municipalities in Amazonas and four animal faecal specimens were genotyped based on the sequences of two genes, triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) and β-giardin (BG). FINDINGS In humans, assemblage A was the most represented with the identification of sub-assemblages AI, AII and AIII based on BG and sub-assemblages AI and AII based on TPI. Similarly, there is a diversity of sub-assemblage B considering BG (B and BIII) and TPI (B, BIII and BIV). In addition, we characterised homogeneous and heterogeneous genotypes comprising assemblages/sub-assemblages A and B in individuals from urban and rural areas. Here, for the first time, it was genotyped Giardia that infects animals from the Brazilian Amazon region. We identified sub-assemblage AI in one Ateles paniscus and two Felis catus and sub-assemblage BIV in one Lagothrix cana. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Therefore, humans and animals from the urban and rural Amazon share Giardia genotypes belonging to assemblages A and B, which are found in cosmopolitan regions around the world.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760210280

14.

A comparative study of extraction techniques for maximum recovery of bioactive compounds from Ganoderma lucidum spores
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Saavedra Plazas, Diana Carolina

; Soccol, Carlos Ricardo

; Noseda, Miguel Daniel

; de Andrade Tanobe, Valcineide Oliveira

; Marin, Oranys

; Karp, Susan Grace

; de Melo Pereira, Gilberto Vinicius

; de Carvalho, Júlio Cesar

; Soccol, Vanete Thomaz

Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Químico - Farmacéuticas

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apr 2020, Volume 49 N. 1 Pages 70 - 88

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar varios métodos de ruptura de las esporas de Ganoderma lucidum y extraer sus propiedades bioactivas. Para este propósito se evaluaron diferentes técnicas de rompimiento como: la maceración manual (RM), la maceración con esferas de diversos materiales (BR) y la exposición a microondas junto la maceración de las esporas con esferas de acero/cromo (MBR1). La ruptura de las esporas fue evaluada por espectroscopia UV-Vis, la cual mostró que las vibraciones 2955, 1642, 1240, 1080 y 1746 cm-1 correspondieron a cambios estructurales en las paredes de las esporas. El extracto MBR1 presento el mayor contenido de carbohidratos (19,80 mg.g-1) y polifenoles (2,21 mg.g-1), mientras que el extracto BR tuvo una mayor actividad antioxidante (57,22% Inb DPPH). Los extractos MBR1 y BR también presentaron en el análisis de monosacáridos un 62,2 y 73,5% de contenido glucosa. Como conclusión la mejor metodología para extraer biomoléculas de las paredes de las esporas de G. lucidum fueron el tratamiento térmico con microondas y la ruptura de las paredes con esferas de acero/cromo, porque este proceso permitió la extracción de una mayor cantidad de carbohidratos con posibles propiedades antioxidantes.

SUMMARY This study aimed at evaluating effective methods for breaking the hard and insoluble spores of Ganoderma lucidum to recover functional biomolecules. Rupture techniques were evaluated such as manual maceration (RM), maceration with spheres of various materials (BR), and microwave exposure plus maceration with steel/ chrome spheres (MBR1). Spore rupture was evaluated using UV-Vis spectroscopy, which showed vibrations of 2955, 1642, 1240, 1080 and 1746 cm-1 corresponding to changes in spore walls. The MBR1 extract contained the largest amounts of carbohydrates (19.80 mg.g-1 spores) and polyphenols (2.21 mg.g-1 spores), whereas the BR extract had higher antioxidant activity (57.22%Inb DPPH). The MBR1 and BR extracts contained 62.2 and 73.5% glucose, respectively. Both methods also involved significant extraction of carbohydrates and proteins. The best way to extract biomolecules from spore walls is to perform a microwave heat treatment and break the walls with steel/chrome spheres; this produces large quantities of carbohydrates with antioxidant properties.

https://doi.org/10.15446/rcciquifa.v49n1.84456 390 downloads

15.

Inhibition kinetics of digestive proteases for Anticarsia gemmatalis
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PATARROYO-VARGAS, ADRIANA M.

; CORDEIRO, GLÁUCIA

; SILVA, CAROLINA R. DA

; SILVA, CAMILA R. DA

; MENDONÇA, EDUARDO G.

; VISÔTTO, LILIANE E.

; ZANUNCIO, JOSÉ C.

; CAMPOS, WELLIGTON G.

; OLIVEIRA, MARIA GORETI A.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2020, Volume 92 elocation e20180477

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera) is a major pest of soybean in the Brazil. It is known that the reduction of proteolytic activity by the ingestion of protease inhibitors reduces digestion and larval development of the insects. Control via inhibition of the digestive enzymes necessitates deeper knowledge of the enzyme kinetics and the characterization of the inhibition kinetics of these proteases, for better understanding of the active centers and action mechanisms of this enzyme. Trypsin-like proteases found in the gut of Anticarsia gemmatalis were purified in a p-aminobenzamidine agarose column. Kinetic characterization showed KM 0.503 mM for the L-BApNA substrate; Vmax= 46.650 nM s-1; Vmax/[E]= 9.256 nM s-1 mg L-1 and Vmax/[E]/KM= 18.402 nM s-1 mg L-1 mM. The Ki values for the inhibitors benzamidine, berenil, SKTI and SBBI were 11.2 µM, 32.4 µM, 0.25 nM and 1.4 nM, respectively, and all revealed linear competitive inhibition. The SKTI showed the greatest inhibition, which makes it a promising subject for future research to manufacture peptide mimetic inhibitors.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020180477 955 downloads

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