RESUMO Os sistemas de produção de suínos contribuem com emissões de gases de efeito estufa (dióxido de carbono - CO2, óxido nitroso - N2O e metano - CH4) e amônia - NH3 para a atmosfera. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar metodologias para determinação das emissões de amônia e gases de efeito estufa em uma unidade de produção comercial de suínos durante a fase de terminação, que possui ventilação natural. Foram medidas as concentrações de gases no ar pelo analisador de gases (INNOVA 1412) e foi calculada a vazão de emissões considerando a taxa de ventilação e as diferenças de concentração de gases entre o interior e o exterior da instalação. Os resultados mostraram que a vazão de emissão obtida pela metodologia simplificada em [g suíno por hora] foi: 2,689 para CO2, 0,30 para N2O, 4,39 para CH4, 13,55 para NH3 e 3,273 para vapor d’água. A vazão obtida para a metodologia contínua em [g suíno por hora] foi de 574 para CO2, 0,67 para N2O, 19,50 para CH4, 5,84 para NH3 e 7,2 para vapor d’água. A metodologia simplificada foi altamente precisa para estimar as emissões de GEE em sistemas de produção de suínos com ventilação natural.

ABSTRACT Swine production systems contribute to emission of greenhouse gases (CO2, N2O, and CH4) and ammonia (NH3) into the atmosphere. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate methods for determining the emissions of ammonia and greenhouse gases (GHG) in a commercial swine production unit with natural ventilation during the finishing phase. The concentrations of gases in the air were measured using a gas analyzer (INNOVA 1412), and the flow emission was calculated by considering the ventilation rate and the differences in gas concentration between the interior and exterior of the installation. The results showed that the emission flow obtained via the simplified method in [g per swine h-1] was 2.689, 0.30, 4.39, 13.55, and 3.273 for CO2, N2O, CH4, NH3, and water vapor, respectively. The flow obtained using the continuous method in [g per swine h-1] was 574, 0.67, 19.50, 5.84, and 7.2 for CO2, N2O, CH4, NH3, and water vapor, respectively. The proposed simplified method was highly accurate for estimating GHG emissions from swine production systems with natural ventilation.

The production of conductive and organic devices from a 3D printer represents a promising strategy for several areas. In particular, the synthesis of polypyrrole-coated acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) composites can be considered an important step to produce conductive supports for 3D printing. Herein, it is reported the production of ABS samples through the additive manufacturing process (3D printing) accordingly to the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) method. The hydrophilic behavior was controlled by the surface treatment using air plasma for the following step of coating with polypyrrole (PPy) via an in situ polymerization, using two different oxidants: ferric chloride (FeCl3.6H2O) and ammonium persulfate (APS). The chemical, optical, surface, and electrical properties of these materials were characterized through Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle measurements, cyclic voltammetry, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), 4-probe electrical measurement, and mechanical tensile testing. The ABS/PPy (FeCl3) composite exhibited a low electrical contact resistance and better performance for applications that require electrodes with a good conductance level.

Abstract Healthcare workers present an increased risk of contagion for the SARS-CoV-2 virus due to their labor exposure. Here, we describe the clinical, laboratory, and immunological characteristics of healthcare workers, before vaccine application, exposed to SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. We collected sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory information from 50 professionals who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic at the Clinical Hospital of the Northwest in Brazil. The results showed that most workers are women, over 50 years old, and worked as nursing technicians. Approximately 56% of workers were positive for a previous infection by RT-PCR and/or anti-SARS-CoV-2-immunoglobulin tests. Increased levels of hematocrit, neutrophils, NK lymphocytes, and fibrinogen, were found in positive healthcare workers, suggesting a light inflammatory status. The immunological findings showed an increase in IL-17 production and a Th2/Th17/Th22 profile followed by high serology for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG. Those data reveal the importance of studies with healthcare workers to investigate if the continuous exposition to the virus may result in chronic activation of the immune system and/or pulmonary inflammation in this target group.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue and yellow fever. Recently, the use of plant-sourced larvicides has gained momentum. METHODS: The hydroethanolic extracts and fractions ofOcotea nutansleaves and stems were bioassayed to determine the larvicidal efficacy of these samples. RESULTS: S-HEX (hexane fraction from the crude stem extract) demonstrated high potential for controlling third-stage larvae, with an LC50 of 14.14 µg.mL-1 (concentration required to inhibit 50% of the treated larvae). CONCLUSIONS Extracts from O. nutans were effective against third-stage larvae ofA. aegyptiafter 24 h of exposure.

Abstract The use of creep feeding for preweaning piglets is important to improve the performance of the piglets. The objective of this experiment was evaluate the effect of using or altering the position of piglet’s creep feeder during lactation on piglet’s performance and on behavior of piglets and sows kept in a hot climate environment. Forty-five sows and their litters at 10 days of lactation were randomly distributed into three treatments: front feeder (FF) - near the side of the sow’s head; back feeder (BF) - near the side of the rump of the sow; and no feeder (NF). All piglets were weighed individually to evaluate the average weight, weight gain and coefficient of variation of the weight. Behavior assessments of the piglets and sows were recorded in 3 period. At 15 and 21 d, piglets of the FF treatment were heavier (P ≤ 0.0001) than piglets of the other treatments. At 10-21d piglets of FF treatment had 76.2% less belly nosing behavior than the NF piglets (P=0.015). The treatments had no impact on behavior of the sows. The creep feeders positioned in the front of the farrowing crate increased piglet growth rate and decreased frequency of belly nosing behavior.

Niobium, in fact, is an essential element for Brazil. Their applications are so many and so special that they put it as one of the subjects treated by the wikiLeaks site as strategic and that it should be treated in the USA. It is one of the elements most exported by Brazil and is mainly used in the production of special alloys for use in gas pipelines, air turbines, among other applications. It is believed that niobium-based materials can be obtained for applications with higher added value and in equally strategic areas. Research to obtain active and selective drugs, materials to maximize the use of renewable energy, and new nanostructured materials to improve the performance of different components are ongoing and promise a revolution for the next few years.

RESUMO O presente texto apresenta um relato histórico da Sociedade Brasileira de Doenças Cerebrovasculares, incluindo detalhes da sua fundação, estruturação, dificuldades e principais realizações.

ABSTRACT The present article provides the historical background of the Sociedade Brasileira de Doenças Cerebrovasculares (Brazilian Society for Cerebrovascular Diseases), including details on its function, structure, challenges and main achievements.

The present study was undertaken to assess the potential uses of the essential oil obtained from Ocotea nutans (Nees) Mez. The hydrodistilled essential oil from O. nutans leaves was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fifty-eight compounds representing 87,29% of the total leaf essential oil components were identified, of which biciclogermacrene(11.41%), germacrene-D (4.89%), bisabolol-11-ol(3.73%) and spathulenol (3.71%) were the major compounds. The essential oil from O. nutans were tested for antibacterial activity using the minimum inhibitory concentracion (MIC) method, Artemia salina method, larvicidal activity in Aedes aegypti, and antioxidant capacity.The antioxidant activity measured by the phosphomolybdenum complex and Prussian blue method had positive results. The minimum inhibitory concentration for the microorganisms tested allowed moderate inhibitionfor Enterococcus faecalis(MIC=500 µg/mL). Artemia salina were toxic to the organisms in the study (LC50= 71,70 μg /mL). The essential oil showed remarkable larvicidal activity potencial (LC50= 250 µg/mL). The present results showed thatO. nutans essential oil has potential biological uses.

RESUMO: O gorgulho Ozopherus muricatus Pascoe, 1872 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) já é considerado uma praga em plantações de açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) no Brasil. Sua presença tem se tornado mais frequente e causado redução significativa na produção de frutos. Estudos sobre a biologia dessa praga ainda são escassos, dificultando o seu manejo. Para estudos com feromônios, por exemplo, é essencial a correta identificação do sexo do inseto. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a existência de dimorfismo sexual em pupas e em adultos de O. muricatus, a fim de permitir a identificação de machos e fêmeas. Larvas, pupas e adultos foram coletados de plantações de açaí e mantidos em câmaras incubadoras para demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO). Adultos e pupas foram examinados sob microscópio estereoscópico, e o dimorfismo foi determinado por meio da observação de características morfológicas externas. Adicionalmente, adultos foram dissecados para a observação da genitália e confirmação do sexo dos espécimes. Nas pupas, o dimorfismo sexual foi caracterizado pela presença de duas protuberâncias na região terminal ventral do abdome das fêmeas, as quais foram ausentes nos machos. Nos adultos, também se observou dimorfismo sexual, com base nos segmentos finais do abdome. Nos machos, é possível visualizar todos os oito tergitos abdominais, enquanto nas fêmeas o tergito VIII é encoberto pelo tergito VII. Assim, o dimorfismo sexual presente nas características morfológicas de O. muricatus permite distinção entre machos e fêmeas dessa espécie.

ABSTRACT: The weevil Ozopherus muricatus Pascoe, 1872 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is already considered a pest in Brazil for açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) plantations. Its presence has become more frequent and caused significant reduction in the production of açaí fruit. Studies on the biology of this insect pest are still scarce, hindering its management. For studies on pheromones, for instance, it is essential to correctly identify the sex of the insect. The objective of this study was to evaluate the existence of sexual dimorphism in pupae and adults of O. muricatus in order to allow the identification of males and females. Larvae, pupae and adults were collected from açaí plantations and kept in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) type incubation chambers. Adults and pupae were examined under a stereomicroscope, and dimorphism was determined through observation of external morphological characteristics. In addition, adults were dissected in order to observe genitalia and confirm the sex of specimens. In the pupae, sexual dimorphism was characterized by the presence of two protuberances in the terminal ventral region of the abdomen of females, which were absent in males. In adults, sexual dimorphism was also observed, based on the final abdominal segments. In males, it was possible to see all eight abdominal tergites, while in females tergite VIII is covered by tergite VII. Thus, the sexual dimorphism present in the morphological characteristics of O. muricatus allows the distinction between males and females of this species.

Lupeol, a triterpene frequently found in Asteraceae plant species, showed moderate to low activity in different strains of Plasmodium falciparum, the most virulent malaria etiological agents. In this work, lupeol was isolated from Parahancornia fasciculata, a plant that is used to treat malaria in the Amazonia region. In the search of more activity lupeol derivatives, five new 1,2,3-triazole hybrid molecules were synthetized by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. The antiplasmodial activity of the semi-synthetic compounds were evaluated by the lactate dehydrogenase assay; the lupeol propargyl ether was the only one to disclosing increased activity (half maximal inhibitory concentration-IC50-62.0 ± 1.92 µmol L-1) in relation to lupeol (IC50 117.00 µmol L-1). Therefore, this work revealed a new class of interesting lupeol derivatives that can be obtained by linking electron donors to the hydroxy group at C-3.

Este estudo investigou a qualidade da água em um reservatório eutrófico urbano no Nordeste do Brasil, considerando a influência da sazonalidade. Mensalmente, amostras foram coletadas na sub-superfície do reservatório. As seguintes variáveis abióticas foram analisadas: temperatura, pH, oxigênio dissolvido, cor aparente, turbidez, condutividade, flúor, nitrogênio total, cloretos, sólidos totais dissolvidos, dureza total, ferro, cobre, manganês, alumínio, clorofila-a e feofitina. Coliformes totais e termotolerantes foram analisados de acordo com APHA (2012). A densidade de cianobactérias foi quantificada através de sua biomassa. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise de variância (one-way ANOVA) e teste de correlação de Pearson. Elevados valores médios de biomassa de fitoplâncton (26.3mm3.L–1) ocorreram na estação seca, com destaque para Planktothrix agardhiie Geiterinema amphibium, que ocorreram em 100% das amostras. Elevado índice de estado trófico foi detectado ao longo do ano. Sazonalidade exerceu alguma influência em variáveis tanto bióticas como abióticas, ocasionando alterações na qualidade da água do reservatório.

This study investigated the water quality in an urban eutrophic reservoir in Northeastern Brazil, considering the influence of seasonality. Monthly, samples were collected in the sub-surface reservoir. The following abiotic variables were analyzed: temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, apparent color, turbidity, conductivity, fluoride, total nitrogen, chlorides, total dissolved solids, total hardness, iron, copper, manganese, aluminum, chlorophyll-a and phaeophytin. Total and thermotolerant coliforms were analyzed according to APHA (2012). Cyanobacteria density was quantified through its biomass. The data were analyzed using one- way ANOVA and Pearson correlation test. Higher values mean phytoplankton biomass (26.3mm3.L–1) occurred in the dry season, especially Planktothrix agardhiiand Geiterinema amphibium, which occurred in 100% of samples. High trophic state index was detected throughout the year. Seasonality exerted some influence on both biotic and abiotc variables, leading to changes in water quality of the reservoir.

INTRODUÇÃO: O uso de enxertos autólogos é limitado pela extensão da área doadora e pelo estado clínico dos pacientes, no caso de lesões extensas. Alotransplantes coletados de cadáveres ou voluntários são rejeitados após uma ou duas semanas, servindo apenas como cobertura temporária para essas lesões. O tratamento de grandes lesões cutâneas com tegumento autólogo reconstruído constitui alternativa atraente, já que, a partir de um pequeno fragmento de pele do paciente, pode-se obter culturas de células que se multiplicam rapidamente e podem ser criopreservadas, permitindo, assim, sua utilização em novos tratamentos por tempo indeterminado. Este estudo pretendeu avaliar o comportamento histológico de queratinócitos e fibroblastos humanos cultivados sobre uma matriz de colágeno porcino derivada da submucosa intestinal. MÉTODO: Células da epiderme e derme humana foram cultivadas separadamente e semeadas sobre matriz de colágeno porcino, onde permaneceram em ambiente controlado por 21 dias, antes de serem submetidas a análise histológica. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que os fibroblastos invadem e colonizam a matriz de colágeno, enquanto os queratinócitos se organizam de forma laminar e estratificada sobre a superfície em que foram semeados. CONCLUSÕES: A utilização da matriz de colágeno porcino como carreador de células da pele humana é possível e a organização dessas células se assemelha à arquitetura da pele humana.

BACKGROUND: In the case of extensive lesions, the use of autologous grafts is limited by the extent of the donor area and the clinical condition of patients. Allografts collected from cadavers or volunteers are usually rejected after 1 to 2 weeks, thus serving only as temporary cover for these lesions. Treating major cutaneous lesions with reconstructed autologous skin is an attractive alternative, because it is possible to obtain cultures of cells that multiply rapidly and can be cryopreserved from a small fragment of the patient's skin, thereby facilitating its indefinite use in new treatments. This study evaluated the histological behavior of cultured human keratinocytes and fibroblasts on a collagen matrix derived from porcine small intestinal submucosa. METHODS: Cells from human epidermis and dermis were grown separately and seeded on porcine collagen matrix, which was maintained in a controlled environment for 21 days before being subjected to histological analysis. RESULTS: Fibroblasts invaded and colonized the collagen matrix, whereas keratinocytes were organized in laminated and stratified layers on the surface on which they were seeded. CONCLUSIONS: The use of porcine collagen matrix as a support for human skin cells is feasible, and the organization of these cells resembles the architecture of human skin.

INTRODUÇÃO: A angioplastia coronariana primária com implante de stents é considerada o melhor método de tratamento no infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST), com resultados mais favoráveis e menor incidência de complicações quando comparada a outras formas de tratamento. Avaliamos a eficácia do atendimento nos período diurno e noturno e a evolução hospitalar desses pacientes. MÉTODO: Analisamos, de forma retrospectiva, os dados de 274 pacientes submetidos a angioplastia primária no período compreendido entre julho de 2004 e agosto de 2008, divididos em dois grupos: os atendidos no período diurno e os atendidos no período noturno. Foram analisados as características clínicas e angiográficas, o tempo porta-balão, o sucesso angiográfico primário e a ocorrência de complicações. RESULTADOS: Dos 274 pacientes analisados, 186 (67,8%) foram atendidos no período diurno e 88 (32,2%), no período noturno. As características clínicas e angiográficas foram semelhantes em ambos os períodos. O tempo portabalão alcançado no período noturno (64,1 minutos) foi menor que o do período diurno (72,5 minutos) (P = 0,02). O sucesso angiográfico foi semelhante (93%) em ambos os turnos. Houve maior número de complicações maiores no período noturno, à custa de acidente vascular cerebral (0% vs. 3,4%; P = 0,032), reinfarto (1% vs. 5,6%; P = 0,037) e revascularização da lesão-alvo (1% vs. 5,6%; P = 0,037). CONCLUSÃO: O atendimento realizado fora do período diurno em nosso serviço foi rápido e eficaz, com índices de sucesso angiográfico similares aos do atendimento em horas regulares. As complicações clínicas, no entanto, foram maiores nos pacientes tratados no período noturno, possivelmente influenciadas por fatores não avaliados neste estudo.

BACKGROUND: Primary coronary angioplasty with stent implantation has been considered the treatment of choice in acute myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation, leading to more favorable outcomes and lower incidence of complications when compared to other treatments. The efficacy of patient care in routine duty hours and off-hours and the in-hospital course of these patients were analyzed. METHODS: Two hundred and seventy-four patients undergoing primary angioplasty between July 2004 and August 2008 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into two groups: those treated during routine duty hours and those treated during off-hours. Clinical and angiographic characteristics, door-to-balloon time, primary angiographic success, and the occurrence of complications were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 274 patients studied, 186 (67.8%) were treated during routine duty hours and 88 (32.2%) were treated during off-hours. Clinical and angiographic characteristics were similar in both periods. Door-to-balloon time at night (64.1 minutes) was lower than at daytime (72.5 minutes). Primary angiographic success was similar (93%) in both shifts. There was a greater number of major complications at night due to stroke (0% vs. 3.4%; P = 0.032), reinfarction (1% vs. 5.6%; P = 0.037) and target lesion revascularization (1% vs. 5.6%; P = 0.037). CONCLUSION: At our service, medical care provided in the off-hours was quick and effective with angiographic success rates similar to those obtained in routine duty hours. However, clinical complications were greater in patients treated in the off-hours, possibly as a result of factors not assessed in this study.

The toxicity and genotoxicity of wastewater from eight gasoline stations in Brasília, Brazil's capital city, was studied by assessing chromosomal aberrations, chromosomal malsegregation and the mitotic index in Allium cepa root cells, and the occurrence of micronucleus and nuclear abnormalities in peripheral erythrocytes of tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus). The content of gasoline station effluents was also analyzed based on several physico-chemical parameters. None of the wastewater samples was genotoxic to A. cepa root cells, although cell proliferation was significantly inhibited, especially at the highest concentrations. Likewise, no micronuclei were observed in O. niloticus peripheral erythrocytes, even after exposure to high concentrations, but there was an increase in the number of nuclear abnormalities and fish mortality. These results show that although the effluent from gasoline stations is processed by an oil/water separation system before being discharged into the main sewage system, the wastewater still contains toxic compounds.

Haptoglobin is a plasma hemoglobin-binding protein that limits iron loss during normal erythrocyte turnover and hemolysis, thereby preventing oxidative damage mediated by iron excess in the circulation. Haptoglobin polymorphism in humans, characterized by the Hp*1 and Hp*2 alleles, results in distinct phenotypes known as Hp1-1, Hp2-1 and Hp2-2, whose frequencies vary according to the ethnic origin of the population. The Hp*1 allele has two subtypes, Hp*1F and Hp*1S, that also vary in their frequencies among populations worldwide. In this work, we examined the distribution frequencies of haptoglobin subtypes in three Brazilian population groups of different ethnicities. The haptoglobin genotypes of Kayabi Amerindians (n = 56), Kalunga Afro-descendants (n = 70) and an urban population (n = 132) were determined by allele-specific PCR. The Hp*1F allele frequency was highest in Kalunga (29.3%) and lowest in Kayabi (2.6%). The Hp*1F/Hp*1S allele frequency ratios were 0.6, 1.0 and 0.26 for the Kayabi, Kalunga and urban populations, respectively. This variation was attributable largely to the Hp*1F allele. However, despite the large variation in Hp*1F frequencies, results of FST (0.0291) indicated slight genetic differentiation among subpopulations of the general Brazilian population studied here. This is the first Brazilian report of variations in the Hp *1F and Hp*1S frequencies among non-Amerindian Brazilians.