ABSTRACT Most soils are excessively acidic, which decreases the productive efficiency of plants. There are several ways to correct soil acidity to make nutrients available to crops. Wood ash is a residue generated by the combustion of vegetal biomass and is used to correct soil acidity for use as a fertilizer. The application of organomineral wood ash to crops is yet another alternative fertilizer that reduces the doses of wood ash and mineral fertilizer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biomass production and water use efficiency of chrysanthemum cultivated with organic, mineral, and organomineral fertilizers associated with liming. The greenhouse experiment was conducted in a 5 × 2 factorial randomized block design with five fertilization managements (incubated wood ash, non-incubated wood ash, organomineral, mineral fertilization, and control) and two liming values (0 and 100% of the recommendation), with five replicates. Biomass production was significantly affected by fertilization alone and organomineral application resulted in higher biomass production. Incubated ash was more appropriate because resulted in higher yields.

RESUMO A maioria dos solos tem uma acidez excessiva que diminui a eficiência produtiva das plantas. Existem diversas formas de corrigir a acidez do solo e disponibilizar nutrientes para as culturas. A cinza vegetal é um resíduo gerado pela combustão da biomassa vegetal utilizada na correção da acidez do solo e como fertilizante. O organomineral utilizando como matéria prima a cinza vegetal é uma outra alternativa de fertilizante, reduzindo o volume de cinza vegetal e adubo mineral utilizados no campo. Objetivou-se por esta pesquisa avaliar a produção de biomassa e eficiência no uso da água no cultivo de Crisântemo sob adubação orgânica, mineral e organomineral associada a calagem. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com esquema fatorial 5 × 2, sendo cinco manejos de adubações (cinza de madeira incubada, cinza de madeira não incubada, organomineral, adubação mineral e controle) e dois níveis de calagem (0 e 100% da recomendação), com cinco repetições. A produção de biomassa foi significativa somente para adubação de forma isolada e o organomineral demonstrou maior produção de biomassa. Cinza incubada é mais adequada, pois resultou em maiores valores de produção.

Abstract A study of macro and microfacies, palynoflora and palynofacies of the non-marine Cerro Negro Formation at President Head Peninsula, Snow Island, northwest of the Antarctic Peninsula, was developed. Two assemblages were recognized: Palynofacies assemblage 1 (P1) at the base of the section with a dominance of fern spores and conifer pollen grains, and facies association consisting of a clastic layer, with the predominance of mudstones; and Palynofacies assemblage 2 (P2) at the top of the section, with remarkable abundance of AOM/Pseudoamorphous particles, associated with facies that includes tuffs. The complete section shows in some levels the presence of freshwater algae and translucent phytoclasts. The integrated data characterizes a fluvial-lacustrine environment, what is reinforced by the occurrence of freshwater algae (Botryococcus) in some levels of P1 and P2. We could verify an increase in volcanic activity towards the top of the section that apparently has played an important role in the collapse of the palynoflora. The occurrence of the spore species Muricingulisporis annulatus, Sotasporites elegans, S. triangularis, Foraminisporis wonthaggiensis, and F. asymmetricus in the Cerro Negro Formation allows the correlation with sections in South America and Australia, suggesting an Aptian age for these deposits.

Abstract Samanea tubulosa Benth. it has been widely used in traditional medicine to treat inflammatory processes. The present study aimed to investigate the antinociceptive effect and mechanism of action of the fractions obtained from the Samanea tubulosa pods in mice. The antinociceptive activity was evaluated in formalin, capsaicin and glutamate tests and the. The possible mechanisms of action involved in the antinociceptive effect of the hexane and ethyl acetate fraction in the opioid system, also the the K + ATP channels and the L-arigine pathways of nitric oxide were evaluated. The chemical characterization analysis revealed in the hexane fraction the presence of triterpenes such as lupenone and lupeol. In the glutamate test, the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions showed antinociceptive activity at the dose of 12.5 and 25 mg kg-1. The antinociception produced by the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions was significantly reversed by naloxone, indicating that the fractions act through the opioid pathway. Antinociceptive response of the ethyl acetate fraction was blocked by glibenclamide, indicating that this fraction acts via the K + ATP channels activation. It is concluded that the fractions under study exert antinociceptive activity possibly related to the opioid route and through K+ ATP channels activation.

Abstract Cultivation of species of the genus Eucalyptus is important for the Brazilian economy, with 6.97 million hectares planted. Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), detected in Brazil in 2003, has dispersed and now damages Eucalyptus crops in all regions of this country. The location and identification of entomopathogenic fungi isolates may increase the options for integrated pest management. The objective of this research was to evaluate the pathogenicity of Cordyceps cateniannulata and Cordyceps javanica isolates to G. brimblecombei. Ten nymphs of G. brimblecombei, with or without lerps, were placed per Eucalyptus leaf cut with one of its edges on hydroretentive gel inside Petri dishes. The fungi isolates were suspended in a solution of Tween 80 (0.1%) at the concentration of 1.0 x 108 conidia mL-1 and sprayed on the G. brimblecombei nymphs. The mortality of this insect was evaluated daily for seven days, and the dead individuals were transferred to humid chambers. The conidia viability of the isolates was greater than 93%. The mortality of G. brimblecombei nymphs, seven days after the application of the fungi, was 100%. This is the first report of the pathogenicity of C. cateniannulata and C. javanica isolates, occurring naturally in the field, to G. brimblecombei.

Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts (MBHA) is a class of polyfunctional molecules that has been standing out due to their versatility and expressive biological activities. Therefore, this paper describes the synthesis and antiproliferative activity of some new MBHA/7-choroquinoline hybrids. The Michael acceptors were obtained starting from 4,7-dichloroquinoline which were submitted to the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction with ortho, meta and para-nitrobenzaldehyde. The in vitro screening of the synthetized MBHA against NCI-H292, HCT-116 and MCF-7 cancer cells suggests the influence of the spacer chain in its inhibition potential. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) obtained in the antiproliferative assay using MCF-7, HCT-116, HL-60 and NCI-H292 cancer cells indicate expressive cytotoxic potential of the adducts containing nitro group in the ortho position, with IC50 of 4.60 µmol L-1. MBHA/7-choroquinoline hybrids were more active than MBHA described in literature, indicating the improvement of the cytotoxic effect due to 7-chloroquinoline moiety in the molecular structure, with maximum selectivity index values of 11.89.

This study compares the techniques cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CV-AFS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the determination of Hg in biological samples (hepatic tissue from marine tetrapods). Acid digestions were performed for the samples and aliquots of them were analysed by ICP-MS and CV-AFS. To minimize the Hg memory effect in its determination by ICP-MS, gold (200 µg L-1 in 5% v v-1 HCl) was added to the sample digests. The detection limits were 0.02 mg kg-1 for ICP-MS and 0.01 mg kg-1 for CV-AFS. Accuracy was assessed by the calculation of the recovery obtained from TORT-3 (lobster hepatopancreas) certified reference material analysis. Accurate results were obtained for both CV-AFS and ICP-MS. The comparison of the results obtained for hepatic tissue with and without lyophilization showed a significant difference among them (at 95% of confidence level), evidencing losses of Hg in the lyophilization process.

RESUMO Uma nova espécie do gênero Bryconops, subgênero Bryconops, é descrita do rio Conceição, um afluente do rio Palma, bacia do rio Tocantins, Estado do Tocantins, Brasil. A nova espécie distingue-se de suas congêneres, exceto B. humeralis e B. vibex pelo padrão de coloração in vivo (nadadeiras dorsal, adiposa e caudal inteiramente laranjas). A nova espécie distingue-se de B. humeralis e B. vibex pela ausência de mancha umeral e pela ausência de dentes maxilares (vs. presença de uma mancha umeral e presença de 1 a 3 dentes maxilares em ambos os lados). Além disso, a nova espécie distingue-se de B. vibex pelo número de escamas com poros na linha lateral (38-41 vs. 44-46).

ABSTRACT A new species of the genus Bryconops , subgenus Bryconops , is described from the rio Conceição, a tributary to the rio Palma, upper rio Tocantins drainage, Tocantins State, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from all its congeners, except B. humeralis and B. vibex by the color pattern in vivo (dorsal, adipose, and caudal fins entirely orange). The new species is easily distinguished from B. humeralis and B. vibex by the absence of a humeral spot and by the lack of maxillary teeth (vs . presence of a single humeral spot and presence of 1-3 maxillary teeth on both sides). Furthermore, the new species is distinguished from B. vibex by the number of perforated lateral line scales (38-41 vs. 44-46).

<p>Quarenta e nove novilhos machos foram distribuídos em delineamento casualizado, sendo que inicialmente foram efetuadas sete repetições por tratamento e, ao final do experimento, foram abatidos quatro animais por tratamento. Os tratamentos foram; CONT: Dieta controle; FBC120: Fosfato Bicálcico 120:1 de relação P: F; MBC60: Fosfato monobicálcico 60:1 de relação P:F; FBC30: Fosfato Bicálcico 30:1 de relação P:F; SFT30: Super Fosfato Triplo 30:1 de relação P:F; FBC10: Fosfato Bicálcico 10:1 de relação P:F; CAR10: Concentrado de Rocha 10:1 de relação P:F. A fosfatase alcalina (FA) dos animais aos 650 dias de confinamento, os quais consumiram dieta CAR10, foi maior dos que a FA naqueles que consumiram SFT30 e FBC10 e FBC120. A FA dos animais que consumiram CAR10 foi maior, aos 866 dias, do que àquela observada nos tratamentos com SFT30 e FBC120. O teor de cinza foi maior na dieta FBC10 e as dietas CAR10 e FBC120 representaram o menor valor. O teor de flúor no osso foi maior nos animais da dieta FBC10 em relação àqueles das dietas CAR10, sendo que as dietas FBC120 e MBC60 obtiveram menores teores. A área dos canais de Havers e a relação Havers/área do Osteon foram maiores na dieta FBC30, sendo que o respectivo menor valor foi FBC10. A presença de dentes mosqueados foi superior nos animais tratados com FBC10 e CAR10. Concluiu-se que o alto teor de flúor na dieta aumenta a deposição de flúor nos ossos, o que afeta negativamente nos parâmetros histológicos de dentes e ossos de bovinos de corte.</p>

<p>Forty-nine male calves were allotted in a randomized design, being that initially were performed seven replicates per treatment. At the end of the experiment were slaughtered four animals per treatment. The treatments were designed as following: CONT: control diet; DC120: Dicalcium Phosphate 120:1 ratio P: F; MDCP60: Monodicalcium Phosphate 60:1 ratio P: F; DC30: Dicalcium Phosphate 30:1 ratio P: F; TSP30: Triple Superphosphate 30:1 ratio P: F; DC10: Dicalcium Phosphate 10:1 ratio P: F; PRC10: phosphate rock concentrate of 10:1 of relation P: F. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of animals who consumed PRC10 diet was greater than the ALP of animals that consumed TSP30, DC10 and DC120. This result was obtained with animals with 650 days of confinement. The ALP of the animals that consumed PRC10 was greater at 866 days than in the animals consuming TSP30 and DC120 diets. The ash content was greater in the DC10 diet and the diets CAR10 and DC120 achieved the lowest value. The fluorine content in bone was higher in diet DC10, while the diets DC120, PRC10 and MDCP60 obtained the lower values. The area of Haversian canals and the relation Havers/Osteon area were higher in the diet DC30 and the lowest value was encountered in DC10. The mottled teeth were more intensely observed in the treatments DC10 and PRC10. It was concluded that high fluorine content in the diet increases the deposition of fluorine in bones, which negatively affects in the histological parameters of teeth and bones of beef cattle.</p>

The characterization and viability of pollen grains are useful tools to guide crosses in breeding programs. The objective of this study was to describe the morphological patterns and viability of pollen grains from five accessions of Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa O. Deg. and five accessions of Passiflora setacea DC. Pollen morphology descriptions were made using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, whereas the viability analysis was performed by in vitro germination and histochemical analysis (Lugol's solution and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride). Pollen grains assessed for germination were inoculated in culture medium containing Ca(NO3).4H2O (0.03%), Mg(SO4).7H2O (0.02%), KNO3 (0.01%), H3BO3 (0.01%), sucrose (15%) and agar (0.8%). Although P. edulis and P. setacea showed the same shape and type of pollen aperture, the two differed in terms of their morphology and exine ornamentation pattern. In vitro analysis showed that one of the P. edulis f. flavicarpa accessions (designated BGP 330) presented the highest germination rate (53.98%) and longest pollen tube (2.18 mm). The histochemical analysis overestimated pollen viability when compared with the in vitro results. The results of this study contribute to the breeding of Passiflora species by increasing the understanding of their morphology and pollen grain viability.

The phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract from leaves of Lecythis pisonis Cambess., Lecythidaceae, resulted in the isolation of seven triterpenes: α- and β-amyrin, uvaol and erythrodiol, ursolic and oleanolic acids and 3β-friedelinol, as well as a mixture of sitosterol and stigmasterol steroids and a diterpene (E)-phytol. The structures of these compounds were identified by¹H and 13C NMR spectral analysis and compared with literature data. The mixture of triterpenes ursolic and oleanolic acids isolated from the active ethereal fraction showed moderate cytotoxic activity. This paper describes for the first time the phytochemical and cytotoxic study of Lecythis pisonis' leaves.