ABSTRACT: Selection for heading date has been a decisive factor to increase areas cropped with oats in Brazil. Although important to oat breeders, genomic regions controlling heading date have not been completely identified. The objective of this study was to identify genomic regions controlling oat heading date in subtropical environments. A set of 412 oat genotypes, developed from 1974 to 2015, was assessed for heading date in contrasting environments and genotyped using genotyping–by–sequencing (GBS). Phenotypic and genotypic data were used in single and multi–environment association models. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated to heading date were identified on oat consensus groups Mrg02, Mrg05, Mrg06, Mrg12, and Mrg21. Some of the findings confirmed the association of genomic regions with heading date, while others emerge as new candidate regions associated to the trait. The genomic regions identified on Mrg02 and Mrg12 were associated to Vernalization 3 (Vrn3), while the genomic region identified on Mrg21 is associated with Vernalization 1 (Vrn1). The Vrn1 region was detected in Londrina, an environment with reduced vernalization condition, and in the multi–environment model. The results reveal that some genotypes of the panel are responsive to vernalization, increasing the days to heading without this environmental stimulus. Our results provide important contribution for a better understanding of heading date in subtropical environments and a strong basis for marker–assisted selection in oats.

ABSTRACT Objective: To study the relationship between the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and the percentage of tumor necrosis (TN) in patients with Ewing´s Sarcoma (ES) . Methods: This is a case series with retrospective evaluation of patients with diagnosis of ES divided into 2 groups: Group 1, patients whose serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were obtained in the staging phase before preoperative chemotherapy (CT), and Group 2, patients whose values were measured after completion of the preoperative CT. The percentage of tumor necrosis (TN) of surgical specimens extracted in surgery was also evaluated . Results: Eighty four medical records from 1995 to 2015 were included. Both AP as LDH decreased in the patients studied, the pre CT value being higher than the post CT value. The average decrease of LHD was 272.95 U/L and AP was 10.17 U/L. The average tumor necrosis was 65.12 %. There was no statistical correlation between serums levels and the tumor necrosis percentage . Conclusion: The serum levels values of AP and LDH are not predictors for chemotherapy-induced necrosis in patients with ES. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o efeito da manipulação do sistema de treinamento tri-set sobre o desempenho humano. Seis homens (23,00 ± 4,24 anos; 17,37 ± 1,39 % gordura corporal) treinados foram submetidos a quatro sessões experimentais realizadas, de forma contrabalançada e randomizada. Verificou-se um maior número de repetições apenas na SEQQB (p<0,038). Entretanto, os exercícios quando considerados isoladamente apresentaram diferenças significativas entre as sequências, com valores superiores nos exercícios supino reto na SEQPA (p<0,001); crucifixo quebrado na SEQPB (p<0,009); agachamento na SEQQA (p<0,001); levantamento terra e cadeira extensora na SEQQB (p<0,027 e p<0,002, respectivamente). A percepção subjetiva de esforço (CR-Borg-10) apresentou diferença significativa apenas na SEQQB (p<0,026). Os resultados sugerem que, nos tri-sets, com envolvimento de membros superiores e inferiores, o maior número de repetições é alcançado quando o exercício, mono ou multiarticular, é realizado no início de cada sequência.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of manipulation of the tri-set training system on the human performance. Six trained men (23.00 ± 4,24 years; 17.37 ± 1.39 % body fat) underwent four experimental sessions, in a balanced and randomized. A higther number of repetitions were observed only in SEQQB (p<0.038). However, when considered in isolation exercises showed significant differences between the sequences, with superior values in exercises bench press in SEQPA (p<0.001); flat dumbbell flys in SEQPB (p<0.009); squat in SEQQA (p<0.001); dead lift and leg extension in SEQQB (p<0.027 and p<0.002, respectively). The rate of perceived effort (CR-Borg-10) showed a significant difference only in SEQQB (p<0.026). The results suggest that in the tri-sets, with the involving of upper and lower limbs, the higher number of repetitions occur when the exercise, single or multiple-joint, is performed at the beginning of each sequences.