ABSTRACT The cement mass is the part of the cementitious composite that has low resistance to friction and its mechanical and microstructural properties are decisive for the durability of the material. Microscopy techniques are commonly used to elucidate these mechanical, physical and chemical behaviors of cementitious compounds. The objective of this work was to elucidate the importance of microscopy techniques for the direct evaluation of the abrasive behavior of cement pastes with silicon carbide (SiC) microparticles. The methodology of the work consists of the manufacture of Exceptions of reference cementitious masses and with 10% SiC addition, analysis of the compressive and abrasive mechanical properties, in addition to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) tests. The results that the intensification of the mechanical properties with the addition of SiC microparticles can be related to the external micrographs in the SEM, through the accentuated filling of the pores, and through the attenuated surface roughness identified in the AFM. It was concluded that the roughness and porosity results, acquired by the SEM and AFM techniques, can provide relevant information for the analysis of the durability of cementitious materials.

RESUMO A pasta de cimento é a parte do compósito cimentício que possui baixa resistência ao atrito e suas propriedades mecânicas e microestruturais são determinantes para a durabilidade do material. As técnicas de microscopia são comumente utilizadas para elucidar esses comportamentos mecânicos, físicos e químicos de compósitos cimentícios. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elucidar a importância de técnicas de microscopia para avaliação direta do comportamento abrasivo de pastas de cimento com micropartículas de carbeto de silício (SiC). A metodologia do trabalho consistiu na fabricação das amostras de pastas cimentícias de referência e com 10% de adição de SiC, análise das propriedades mecânicas compressivas e abrasivas, além de ensaios de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) e Microscopia de Força Atômica (MFA). Os resultados mostraram que a intensificação das propriedades mecânicas com adição de micropartículas de SiC podem ser relacionados com as micrografias obtidas no MEV, através do acentuado preenchimento dos poros, e por meio da atenuada rugosidade superficial identificada no MFA. Concluiu-se que os resultados de rugosidade e porosidade, adquiridos pelas técnicas de MEV e MFA, podem fornecer informações relevantes para análise da durabilidade de materiais cimentícios.

ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of internal bleaching on physical proprieties and ultrastructure of the bovine dentin.40 bovine incisors were used, divided in four experimental groups: control group, composed by teeth that did not receive the bleaching agent (G1); teeth submitted to a single internal bleaching session (G2); teeth submitted to two internal bleaching sessions (G3); teeth submitted to three internal bleaching sessions (G4). In each of the sessions, 35 % hydrogen peroxide was applied for 45 minutes on the dentin surface. Tests were performed (microhardness and roughness) and were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test (p≤0.05). Electromicrographs were captured for quality analysis. In the analysis of the superficial microhardness of the dentin, the internal bleaching reduced the Knoop microhardness since the first session, being observed statistically significant differences between the experimental groups and the control. The surface roughness gradually increased in the G2, G3 and G4 groups, but only G4 presented a statistically significant difference from the others. The qualitatively evaluated electromicrographs showed damage to the dentin ultrastructure, with areas of erosion and greater involvement of the intertubular when compared to peritubular dentin. Internal bleaching with 35 % hydrogen peroxide caused injuries in bovine dentin from the first treatment session. Both modifications in physical properties and dentin ultrastructure have been identified. These changes were intensified the higher the number of dentin internal bleaching sessions was exposed.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el efecto del blanqueamiento interno sobre las propiedades físicas y la ultraestructura de la dentina bovina. Se utilizaron 40 incisivos bovinos, divididos en cuatro grupos experimentales: grupo de control, compuesto por dientes que no recibieron el agente blanqueador (G1); dientes sometidos a una única sesión interna de blanqueamiento (G2); dientes sometidos a dos sesiones internas de blanqueamiento (G3); dientes sometidos a tres sesiones internas de blanqueamiento (G4). En cada una de las sesiones, se aplicó peróxido de hidrógeno al 35 % durante 45 minutos en la superficie de la dentina. Se realizaron pruebas (microdureza y rugosidad). Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis de varianza de una vía (ANOVA) y prueba post-hoc de Tukey (p≤0,05). Las electromicrografías fueron capturadas para el análisis cualitativo. En el análisis de la microdureza superficial de la dentina, el blanqueamiento interno redujo la microdureza de Knoop desde la primera sesión, observándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos experimentales y el control [NF2]. La rugosidad superficial aumentó gradualmente en los grupos G2, G3 y G4, pero solo G4 presentó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa con respecto a los otros [NF3]. Las electromicrografías evaluadas cualitativamente mostraron daño a la ultraestructura de la dentina, con áreas de erosión y una mayor participación de la dentina intertubular en comparación con la dentina peritubular. El blanqueamiento interno con peróxido de hidrógeno al 35 % causó lesiones en la dentina bovina en la primera sesión del tratamiento. Ambas modificaciones, en propiedades físicas y en la ultraestructura dentinaria, han sido identificadas. Estos cambios se intensificaron a medida que se expuso a mayor número de sesiones de blanqueamiento interno en la dentina.

Studies on natural infection by Leishmania spp of sandflies collected in endemic and nonendemic areas can provide important information on the distribution and intensity of the transmission of these parasites. This study sought to investigate the natural infection by Leishmaniain wild female sandflies. The specimens were caught in the city of Corumbá, state of Mato Grosso do Sul (Brazil) between October 2012-March 2014, and dissected to investigate flagellates and/or submitted to molecular analysis to detect Leishmania DNA. A total of 1,164 females (77.56% of which were Lutzomyia cruzi) representing 11 species were investigated using molecular analysis; 126 specimens of Lu. cruziwere dissected and also submitted to molecular analysis. The infection rate based on the presence of Leishmania DNA considering all the sandfly species analysed was 0.69%; only Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis was identified in Lu. cruzi by the molecular analysis. The dissections were negative for flagellates. This is the first record of the presence of L. (L.) amazonensis DNA in Lu. cruzi, and the first record of this parasite in this area. These findings point to the need for further investigation into the possible role of this sandfly as vector of this parasite.

Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes and Coutinho, 1939) has been considered as a complex of cryptic species, and some of the populations of this complex plays an important role in the transmission of Leishmania spp. in Brazil. The present study reports the biological aspects concerning the productivity out of eggs and the development time of the descendants of females obtained in Dourados municipality, Mato Grosso do Sul state. The females were captured with modified electric aspirators, fed in hamsters and further individualized in containers for breeding. At the insectary, temperature and relative humidity were maintained on average of 24.5 °C and 67.3%, respectively. From 944 females 3737 eggs were obtained, 748 (20.0%) evolved to the stage of larvae, and 93 (12.4%) of these reached adult stage. The life cycle lasted 80.6 days and the last larval instar was the longest. The use of a higher protein diet revealed a significant improvement in larval development.

INTRODUÇÃO: As leishmanioses encontram-se em expansão no Brasil, inclusive no Estado de Mato Grosso (MT). A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar a fauna flebotomínica emtrês assentamentos rurais localizados no município de Cáceres, MT, entre agosto de 2010 e julhode 2011. MÉTODOS: As coletas foram realizadas na margem da mata, no intra e peridomicílio com armadilhas automáticas luminosas, quinzenalmente, das 17h às 6h. RESULTADOS: Foram coletados 630 exemplares, sendo 348 fêmeas e 282 machos. Os espécimes foramdistribuídos em 11 gêneros: Brumptomyia, Evandromyia, Expapillata, Lutzomyia, Martinsmyia,Micropygomyia, Nyssomyia, Pintomyia, Psathyromyia, Psychodopygus e Sciopemyia e 28 espécies, sendo que dentre estas, seis não haviam sido assinaladas em MT (Brumptomyia avellari, Br. mangabeirai, Evandromyia aldafalcaoae, Micropygomyia echinatopharynx, Micropygomyia peresi e Pa. campograndensis). Ressalta-se o encontro de Nyssomyia whitmani, espécie mais abundante nos diferentes ecótopos em todos os assentamentos. Destaca-se também a presençadas espécies Lutzomyia longipalpis e Lutzomyia cruzi em simpatria. CONCLUSÕES: A ocupação desordenada do ambiente, como vem ocorrendo nos assentamentos Mata Comprida, LaranjeiraI e II, pode proporcionar a domiciliação de populações selváticas de flebotomíneos, dentre estes os vetores das leishmanioses, tornando-se necessários maiores estudos para entender a dinâmica de transmissão dessas morbidades nestes locais.

INTRODUCTION: Leishmaniasis is expanding across Brazil, including the State of Mato Grosso (MT). The aim of this study was to characterize the phlebotomine sandfly fauna at threerural settlements located in the municipality of Cáceres, MT, from August 2010 to July 2011. METHODS: Sandfly captures were conducted at the forest border and in intra and peridomicile areas with automatic light traps, biweekly, from 5pm to 6am. RESULTS: Of the 630 sandflies collected, 348 were female, and 282 were male. Captured specimens were distributed across 11 genera - Brumptomyia, Evandromyia, Expapillata, Lutzomyia, Martinsmyia, Micropygomyia, Nyssomyia, Pintomyia, Psathyromyia, Psychodopygus, and Sciopemyia - and 28 species. Among these, six species had not been marked yet in MT (Brumptomyia avellari, Br. mangabeirai, Evandromyia aldafalcaoae, Micropygomyia echinatopharynx, Micropygomyia peresi, and Pa. campograndensis). Nyssomyia whitmani was the most abundant species across ecotopes at all settlements. Interestingly, Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia cruzi were found in sympatry. CONCLUSIONS: The disorganized occupation of the environment that is happening at the rural settlements of Mata Comprida, Laranjeira I and II could provide opportunities for the domiciliation of wild populations of phlebotomine, including vectors of leishmaniasis. Therefore, more studies are needed to understand the epidemiology of the disease in these areas and its impact on the human population.

Esta pesquisa, realizada com agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS), objetivou: (1) avaliar a saúde mental em ACS; (2) descrever os eventos vitais vivenciados no último ano por ACS; (3) averiguar o nível de ansiedade apresentado por ACS; (4) correlacionar saúde mental, ansiedade e eventos vitais em ACS. Participaram 116 ACS. Instrumentos: questionário sociodemográfico, Questionário de Saúde Geral de Goldberg, Escala de Eventos Vitais, Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado. A maioria dos ACS apresentou grau de ansiedade moderado e saúde mental positiva e relatou ter vivenciado poucos eventos estressantes no último ano, embora a maioria tenha tido problemas de saúde. O fato de estarem presentes níveis de ansiedade, mesmo moderados, sugere uma provável interferência de características específicas da profissão. Entretanto, o fato de a pessoa identificar subjetivamente a ansiedade e classificá-la em um determinado nível pressupõe que esteja usando estratégias de controle, fato esse que auxilia a manter a saúde mental.

The scope of this research, carried out together with community-based health workers (ACS) was: (1) to evaluate the mental health of the ACS; (2) to describe the vital events in the last year of the ACS; (3) to inquire about the level of anxiety of the ACS; (4) to correlate mental health, vital events and anxiety of the ACS. Participants: 116 ACS. Measurements: socio-demographic questionnaire, Goldberg General Health Questionnaire, The Life Events Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The majority of the ACS presented a moderate degree of anxiety and positive mental health; they reported having experienced few stressful events in the past year, even though the majority had experienced health problems. The fact that most of the ACS reported having experienced moderate anxiety levels suggests a probable interference of specific characteristics of the profession. However, the fact that the persons subjectively identified the presence of anxiety and classified it at a given level presupposes that they are using control strategies, which is a factor that assists in maintaining mental health.

Esta pesquisa, realizada com agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS), objetivou: (1) avaliar a saúde mental em ACS; (2) descrever os eventos vitais vivenciados no último ano por ACS; (3) averiguar o nível de ansiedade apresentado por ACS; (4) correlacionar saúde mental, ansiedade e eventos vitais em ACS. Participaram 116 ACS. Instrumentos: questionário sociodemográfico, Questionário de Saúde Geral de Goldberg, Escala de Eventos Vitais, Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado. A maioria dos ACS apresentou grau de ansiedade moderado e saúde mental positiva e relatou ter vivenciado poucos eventos estressantes no último ano, embora a maioria tenha tido problemas de saúde. O fato de estarem presentes níveis de ansiedade, mesmo moderados, sugere uma provável interferência de características específicas da profissão. Entretanto, o fato de a pessoa identificar subjetivamente a ansiedade e classificá-la em um determinado nível pressupõe que esteja usando estratégias de controle, fato esse que auxilia a manter a saúde mental.

The scope of this research, carried out together with community-based health workers (ACS) was: (1) to evaluate the mental health of the ACS; (2) to describe the vital events in the last year of the ACS; (3) to inquire about the level of anxiety of the ACS; (4) to correlate mental health, vital events and anxiety of the ACS. Participants: 116 ACS. Measurements: socio-demographic questionnaire, Goldberg General Health Questionnaire, The Life Events Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The majority of the ACS presented a moderate degree of anxiety and positive mental health; they reported having experienced few stressful events in the past year, even though the majority had experienced health problems. The fact that most of the ACS reported having experienced moderate anxiety levels suggests a probable interference of specific characteristics of the profession. However, the fact that the persons subjectively identified the presence of anxiety and classified it at a given level presupposes that they are using control strategies, which is a factor that assists in maintaining mental health.

We report the case of a five-month-old black male infant who had recurrent episodes of respiratory infections and also presented anemia and enlargements of the spleen, liver and lymphnodes. Hematological analysis revealed morphological abnormalities with megaloblastic dyserythropoiesis, while fetal hemoglobin assaying showed normal levels. Conventional and molecular cytogenetic analysis revealed monosomy of chromosome 7. Despite all therapeutic efforts during allogenic bone marrow transplantation, the child died due to generalized infection. The clinical and genetic distinctions between monosomy 7 syndrome and myelodysplastic disorders in childhood are discussed.