ABSTRACT Some studies have shown that secondary infections during the COVID-19 pandemic may have contributed to the high mortality. Our objective was to identify the frequency, types and etiology of bacterial infections in patients with COVID-19 admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) and to evaluate the results of ICU stay, duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) and in-hospital mortality. It was a single-center study with a retrospective cohort of patients admitted consecutively to the ICU for more than 48 h between March and May 2020. Comparisons of groups with and without ICU- acquired infection were performed. A total of 191 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were included and 57 patients had 97 secondary infectious events. The most frequent agents were Acinetobacter baumannii (28.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.4%); multi-drug resistance was present in 96% of A. baumannii and in 57% of K. pneumoniae. The most prevalent infection was ventilator-associated pneumonia in 57.9% of patients with bacterial infections, or 17.3% of all COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU, followed by tracheobronchitis (26.3%). Patients with secondary infections had a longer ICU stay (40.0 vs. 17 days; p < 0.001), as well as a longer duration of MV (24.0 vs 9.0 days; p= 0.003). There were 68 (35.6%) deaths overall, of which 27 (39.7%) patients had bacterial infections. Among the 123 survivors, 30 (24.4%) had a secondary infections (OR 2.041; 95% CI 1.080 - 3.859). A high incidence of secondary infections, mainly caused by gram-negative bacteria has been observed. Secondary infections were associated with longer ICU stay, MV use and higher mortality.

Resumo Fundamentos A incidência de injúria miocárdica (IM) em pacientes com COVID-19 no Brasil é pouco conhecida e o impacto prognóstico da IM, mal elucidado. Objetivos Descrever a incidência de IM em pacientes com COVID-19 em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) e identificar variáveis associadas à sua ocorrência. O objetivo secundário foi avaliar a troponina I ultrassensível (US) como preditor de mortalidade intra-hospitalar. Métodos Estudo observacional, retrospectivo, entre março e abril de 2020, com casos confirmados de COVID-19 internados em UTI. Variáveis numéricas foram comparadas com teste t de Student ou U de Mann-Whitney, sendo o teste X2 empregado para as categóricas. Realizou-se análise multivariada com as variáveis associadas à IM e p<0,2 objetivando determinar preditores de IM. Curva ROC foi empregada para determinar o valor da troponina capaz de predizer maior mortalidade intra-hospitalar. Funções de sobrevida foram estimadas pelo método de Kaplan-Meier a partir do ponto de corte apontado pela curva ROC. Resultados Este estudo avaliou 61 pacientes (63,9% do sexo masculino, média de idade de 66,1±15,5 anos). A IM esteve presente em 36% dos casos. Hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) [RC 1,198; IC95%: 2,246-37,665] e índice de massa corporal (IMC) [RC 1,143; IC95%: 1,013-1,289] foram preditores independentes de risco. Troponina I US >48,3 ng/ml, valor determinado pela curva ROC, prediz maior mortalidade intra-hospitalar [AUC 0,786; p<0,05]. A sobrevida no grupo com troponina I US >48,3 ng/ml foi inferior à do grupo com valores ≤48,3 ng/dl [20,3 x 43,5 dias, respectivamente; p<0,05]. Conclusão Observou-se alta incidência de IM na COVID-19 grave com impacto em maior mortalidade intra-hospitalar. HAS e IMC foram preditores independentes de risco de sua ocorrência. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Abstract Background The incidence of myocardial injury (MI) in patients with COVID-19 in Brazil and the prognostic impact of MI have not been elucidated. Objectives To describe the incidence of MI in patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit (ICU) and to identify variables associated with its occurrence. The secondary objective was to assess high-sensitivity troponin I as a predictor of in-hospital mortality. Methods Retrospective, observational study conducted between March and April 2020 with cases of confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the ICU. Numerical variables were compared by using Student t test or Mann-Whitney U test. The chi-square test was used for categorical variables. Multivariate analysis was performed with variables associated with MI and p<0.2 to determine predictors of MI. The ROC curve was used to determine the troponin value capable of predicting higher in-hospital mortality. Survival functions were estimated by use of the Kaplan-Meier method from the cut-off point indicated in the ROC curve. Results This study assessed 61 patients (63.9% of the male sex, mean age of 66.1±15.5 years). Myocardial injury was present in 36% of the patients. Systemic arterial hypertension (HAS) [OR 1.198; 95%CI: 2.246-37.665] and body mass index (BMI) [OR 1.143; 95%CI: 1.013-1.289] were independent risk predictors. High-sensitivity troponin I >48.3 ng/mL, which was determined in the ROC curve, predicts higher in-hospital mortality [AUC 0.786; p<0.05]. Survival in the group with high-sensitivity troponin I >48.3 ng/mL was lower than that in the group with values ≤48.3 ng/dL [20.3 x 43.5 days, respectively; p<0.05]. Conclusion There was a high incidence of MI in severe COVID-19 with impact on higher in-hospital mortality. The independent risk predictors of MI were SAH and BMI. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Resumo A oliveira, em razão da elevada demanda por produtos como azeitona e azeite de oliva, apresenta posição de destaque no mercado mundial de alimentos. Para o aprimoramento de seu cultivo, pesquisas relacionadas com fatores de ordem biológica da relação solo-planta estão ganhando enfoque, principalmente quanto ao uso de microrganismos como fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs). Contudo, há uma grande escassez de informação nessa área no Brasil, tanto em condições controladas quanto realizadas in situ. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho visou avaliar a formação de propágulos (usando as características micélio extrarradicular, número e diversidade de esporos) de micorrizaem17 variedades de oliveira (Olea europaea L.). Essas variedades, com potencial de cultivo no estado de Minas Gerais, são mantidas no banco de germoplasma da Fazenda Experimental de Maria da Fé - EPAMIG (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais). Houve resposta distinta entre as variedades de oliveira para a formação de micélio extrarradicular e micorriza, sendo a colonização radicular in situ variada entre 0,4% e 3,6%. Nas condições edafoclimáticas da região de pesquisa não foi detectada nenhuma influência das variedades de oliveira sobre o número total de esporos e a diversidade de FMAs, sendo que as espécies Glomus ambisporum e Acaulospora scrobiculata foram identificadas com maior frequência nas raízes das oliveiras analisadas.

Abstract The olive tree, due to the high demand for the products olive and oil, is a relevant crop for the global food market. To improve its cultivation, increasing efforts have been invested in studies on biological factors of the soil-plant relationships, mainly with regard to the exploitation of microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). In Brazil however, further research is still needed, both under controlled and field conditions. In this sense, this study investigated the formation of extraradical mycelium and spore numbers and diversity of mycorrhiza, on 17 olive tree (Olea europaea L.) varieties. These varieties, considered promising for cultivation in the state of Minas Gerais, are maintained in the olive germplasm bank of the Agricultural Research Institute of Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), at the Experimental Farm Maria da Fé. The response of the olive varieties differed in terms of the level of extraradical mycelium and mycorrhiza formation, since root colonization in the field varied from 0.4% to 3.6%. Under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the study region, no influence of the olive tree varieties on the total number of spores and diversity of AMF was detected, among which the fungal species Glomus ambisporum and Acaulospora scrobiculata were identified most frequently on the roots of the analyzed olive trees.

RESUMO A Educação Permanente em Saúde, contemplada pelo Ministério da Saúde como política institucional, constitui um dos pilares de estratégico potencial de transformação dos processos no Sistema Único de Saúde. Este estudo transversal e descritivo obteve um painel brasileiro da Educação Permanente em Saúde, a partir de dados secundários do Ministério da Saúde, extraídos do censo de avaliação externa do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica no 2º Ciclo (2013), realizado com Equipes de Saúde da Família com adesão ao Programa no período (n=10.213/100%); 90% (n=9.184) das equipes afirmaram participar de atividades de Educação Permanente em Saúde, com maiores frequências das regiões Sudeste, Nordeste e Sul. As principais atividades de Educação Permanente em Saúde relatadas foram seminários, mostras, oficinas e grupos de discussão (n=8.243/80,71%), além de cursos presenciais (n=7.808/76,45%). Das opções ofertadas pelo Ministério da Saúde, a menos frequente foi a Rede Universitária de Telemedicina (n=475/4,65%); 87,62% (8.948) Equipes de Saúde da Família tiveram suas demandas de Educação Permanente em Saúde atendidas pela gestão. O instrumento apresenta robustez de dados e contempla diversos aspectos da gestão, incluindo elementos importantes de Educação Permanente em Saúde que podem nortear a tomada de decisão e interferir em políticas e programas próprios nos serviços.

ABSTRACT The Permanent Health Education, contemplated by the Ministry of Health as an institutional policy, is one of the pillars of strategic potential for the transformation of the processes in the Unified Health System. This cross-sectional and descriptive study investigated the Brazilian panorama of Permanent Health Education, from secondary data of the Ministry of Health, extracted from the external evaluation census of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care in the 2nd Cycle (2013), carried out with Family Health Teams, with adherence to the Program in the period (n=10.213/100%); 90% (n=9.184) of the teams responded to participate in Permanent Health Education activities, with greater frequency in the Southeast, Northeast and South regions; the main Permanent Health Education activities reported were seminars, shows, workshops and discussion groups (n=8.243/80.71%) in addition to presential courses (n=7.808/76.45%). Of the options offered by the Ministry of Health, the least frequent was the Telemedicine University Network (n=475/4.65%); 87.62% (8.948). Family Health Teams had their Permanent Health Education demands met by management. The instrument presents data robustness and contemplates several aspects of management, including important elements of Permanent Health Education that can guide decision making and interfere with their own policies and programs in the services.

RESUMO A Educação Permanente em Saúde, contemplada pelo Ministério da Saúde como política institucional, constitui um dos pilares de estratégico potencial de transformação dos processos no Sistema Único de Saúde. Este estudo transversal e descritivo obteve um painel brasileiro da Educação Permanente em Saúde, a partir de dados secundários do Ministério da Saúde, extraídos do censo de avaliação externa do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica no 2º Ciclo (2013), realizado com Equipes de Saúde da Família com adesão ao Programa no período (n=10.213/100%); 90% (n=9.184) das equipes afirmaram participar de atividades de Educação Permanente em Saúde, com maiores frequências das regiões Sudeste, Nordeste e Sul. As principais atividades de Educação Permanente em Saúde relatadas foram seminários, mostras, oficinas e grupos de discussão (n=8.243/80,71%), além de cursos presenciais (n=7.808/76,45%). Das opções ofertadas pelo Ministério da Saúde, a menos frequente foi a Rede Universitária de Telemedicina (n=475/4,65%); 87,62% (8.948) Equipes de Saúde da Família tiveram suas demandas de Educação Permanente em Saúde atendidas pela gestão. O instrumento apresenta robustez de dados e contempla diversos aspectos da gestão, incluindo elementos importantes de Educação Permanente em Saúde que podem nortear a tomada de decisão e interferir em políticas e programas próprios nos serviços.

ABSTRACT The Permanent Health Education, contemplated by the Ministry of Health as an institutional policy, is one of the pillars of strategic potential for the transformation of the processes in the Unified Health System. This cross-sectional and descriptive study investigated the Brazilian panorama of Permanent Health Education, from secondary data of the Ministry of Health, extracted from the external evaluation census of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care in the 2nd Cycle (2013), carried out with Family Health Teams, with adherence to the Program in the period (n=10.213/100%); 90% (n=9.184) of the teams responded to participate in Permanent Health Education activities, with greater frequency in the Southeast, Northeast and South regions; the main Permanent Health Education activities reported were seminars, shows, workshops and discussion groups (n=8.243/80.71%) in addition to presential courses (n=7.808/76.45%). Of the options offered by the Ministry of Health, the least frequent was the Telemedicine University Network (n=475/4.65%); 87.62% (8.948). Family Health Teams had their Permanent Health Education demands met by management. The instrument presents data robustness and contemplates several aspects of management, including important elements of Permanent Health Education that can guide decision making and interfere with their own policies and programs in the services.

RESUMO Introdução Lesões na região facial podem alterar a qualidade de vida de um indivíduo consideravelmente. Para mensurar esse prejuízo, é necessária a valoração do dano corporal. Objetivo Analisar as características de jurisprudências que envolveram a valoração do dano ocasionado por trauma facial, destacando as tendências observadas. Métodos Foram analisados dados secundários, os quais são de domínio público, de jurisprudências do Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Sul no período de 2008 a 2016. A amostra foi constituída por 43 acórdãos de processos relacionados a acidentes de trânsito, quedas ou agressões que atingiram a face. Resultados Verificou-se que 86% dos autores e dos réus das jurisprudências são do sexo masculino. Em 62,7% dos processos a agressão física foi a forma de trauma mais frequente e a consequência do dano foi fratura dentária com 53,49%. Os valores para danos morais variaram entre 1.500,00 e 20.340,00 reais, para dano estético de 2.000,00 e 20.000,00. Conclusão A análise das jurisprudências nos permite verificar a tendência de necessidade e valorização do perito cirurgião-dentista para quantificação de danos envolvendo o complexo bucomaxilofacial.

ABSTRACT Introduction Facial injuries may change, considerably, people’s quality of life. To measure the damage, the assessment of the bodily harm is required. Objective To analyze jurisprudential characteristics involving the valuation of the damage related to facial trauma, highlighting trends Methods It was analyzed secondary data, which are public domain, of the precedents of the Court of Justice of Rio Grande do Sul State from 2008 to 2016. The sample consisted of 43 lawsuits in cases related to traffic accidents, falls or physicalaggression that affected the face. Results It was found that 86% of authors and defendants of the lawsuits analyzed are male. In 62.7% of cases physical aggression was the form of trauma that caused more injuries and the most common damage was dental fractures with 53.49%. The monetary restitution for moral damages ranged from R$1,500.00 to R$20,340.00, and for aesthetic damage ranged from R$2,000.00 to R$20,000.00. Conclusion The analyzed jurisprudence involving facial trauma allows us to verifythe trend of need and value of the dentist expert to quantify damage involving the maxillofacial complex.

RESUMO: Diante do crescente investimento na cultura da nogueira-pecã no sul do Brasil, torna-se necessário que a pesquisa atue auxiliando na solução de problemas e na proposição de técnicas e metodologia para potencializar esta cadeia produtiva. Desta forma, a presente revisão bibliográfica objetiva realizar um levantamento das informações existentes sobre a cultura, tanto no panorama mundial quanto brasileiro. Serão abordadas questões relacionadas com a botânica, exigências climáticas e edáficas, alinhamento e densidade de plantio, cultivares, pragas e doenças, entre outros aspectos técnicos da cultura. A noz apresenta propriedades nutracêuticas, que são benéficas para a saúde humana, o que tem aumentado a sua procura por parte dos consumidores. No entanto, são poucos os resultados de pesquisa com a cultura da nogueira no país e existem diversas lacunas no conhecimento científico sobre o cultivo da nogueira, principalmente, no que diz respeito ao manejo de pragas e doenças, irrigação e nutrição nas condições brasileiras.

ABSTRACT: Given the increasing investment in the pecan production in southern Brazil, it becomes necessary researches, assisting in solve problems and proposition of technical and methodology to enhance this production chain. Thus, the present review aimed to survey the existing information about the culture, both on the world and the Brazilian scene. Issues related to botany, climate and soil requirements, alignment and planting density, cultivars, pests and diseases, among other technical aspects of this culture will be addressed. Pecan nut presents nutraceutical properties that are beneficial to human health, which has increased its demand from consumers. However, there are few research results with pecan nut in Brazil and there are many gaps in scientific knowledge about this culture, especially as regards the management of pests and diseases control, irrigation and nutrition, in Brazilian conditions.

RESUMO As radiografias periapicais são os exames complementares mais frequentes na clínica odontológica. A indicação de exames de imagens na identificação forense depende da qualidade das radiografias produzidas. A edição digital de radiografias convencionais pode melhorar a qualidade de imagem. O presente trabalho consiste em relatar a potencial contribuição do processamento digital de filmes radiográficos através de relato de caso de identificação positiva por radiografias periapicais editadas digitalmente. Os resultados dos exames antropológicos e dos arcos dentários da vítima correspondiam às informações cedidas pelos familiares sobre a pessoa desaparecida. As radiografias periapicais antemortem e postmortem foram digitalizadas em scanner fotográfico (HP Development Company, HP ScanJet G4050 Photo, Estados Unidos) e as imagens processadas no programa de edição Corel PaintShop Pro X4 (Corel(r) Corporation, v14, Canadá). A comparação das imagens digitais das radiografias periapicais antemortem e postmortem permitiu determinar 8 pontos concordantes no contorno e delimitação do seio maxilar e das estruturas dentária e periodontal do elemento 17. A identificação do indivíduo foi possível mediante a edição digital das radiografias em programa de computador. A edição da permitiu ajustar imagens de brilho, contraste e nitidez e cores de temperatura e saturação das imagens das estruturas dento-maxilares. Esse recurso tecnológico contribuiu de forma efetiva para a identificação positiva realizada pela Odontologia Legal.

ABSTRACT Periapical X-rays are the most common complementary tests in the dental clinic. The indication of image tests in forensic identification depends on the produced X-rays quality. The image processing of conventional radiographs can improve image quality. This study aimed to report the potential contribution of image processing from radiographic films by digitally edited periapical radiographs for case reporting of positive identification. The results of anthropological examinations and dental arches of the victim matched the information transferred by the family of the missing person. The antemortem and postmortem periapical radiographs were digitized on photo scanner (Hewlett-Packard Development Company, HP ScanJet G4050 Photo, United States) and images were processed in Corel PaintShop Pro X4 editing software (Corel Corporation, v14, Canada). The comparison of antemortem and postmortem periapical radiographs digital images allowed to determine 8 concordant points in the contour and delimit the maxillary sinus as well as periodontal and dental structures of the tooth 17. Identification of the individual was possible by digital editing of radiographs in computer software. Editing allowed adjusting image brightness, contrast and sharpness, color temperature and saturation of tooth-jaw structures. Such technological feature effectively contributed to positive identification performed by Forensic Dentistry.

Este estudo objetivou traduzir e adaptar culturalmente as questões constantes do instrumento espanhol de Análise da Impressão e do Impacto do Prejuízo Estético, proposto por Cobo Plana (2010), para sua possível utilização no Brasil, bem como validar tal instrumento junto a cirurgiões-dentistas da área de Odontologia Legal. Os avaliadores aplicaram o método, constituído de quatro quadros, por meio de uma sequência de dez imagens que mostraram modelos sem e com lesões (cicatrizes) maquiadas, simulando danos estéticos na face. Os quatro quadros, traduzidos e adaptados culturalmente para língua portuguesa, mostraram ter potencial para oferecer maior objetividade na valoração do dano estético.

This study aimed to translate and cross-cultural adapt the constants questions in Spanish injury Assessment Impression and Impact Instrument proposed by Cobo Plana (2010) for its possible use in Brazil, and validate this instrument with Forensic Dentistry area dentists. The evaluators applied the four tables method in a sequence of ten images that showed models with and without simulate injury (scars) made with moulage on the face. The four tables translated and culturally adapted into Portuguese language showed potential to offer greater objectivity in the valuation of the aesthetic injury.

Este estudo objetivou traduzir e adaptar culturalmente as questões constantes do instrumento espanhol de Análise da Impressão e do Impacto do Prejuízo Estético, proposto por Cobo Plana (2010), para sua possível utilização no Brasil, bem como validar tal instrumento junto a cirurgiões-dentistas da área de Odontologia Legal. Os avaliadores aplicaram o método, constituído de quatro quadros, por meio de uma sequência de dez imagens que mostraram modelos sem e com lesões (cicatrizes) maquiadas, simulando danos estéticos na face. Os quatro quadros, traduzidos e adaptados culturalmente para língua portuguesa, mostraram ter potencial para oferecer maior objetividade na valoração do dano estético.

This study aimed to translate and cross-cultural adapt the constants questions in Spanish injury Assessment Impression and Impact Instrument proposed by Cobo Plana (2010) for its possible use in Brazil, and validate this instrument with Forensic Dentistry area dentists. The evaluators applied the four tables method in a sequence of ten images that showed models with and without simulate injury (scars) made with moulage on the face. The four tables translated and culturally adapted into Portuguese language showed potential to offer greater objectivity in the valuation of the aesthetic injury.

The present work demonstrates preparation of magnetic nanoparticles by a novel method. Magnetic nanoparticles with potential for biomedical and environmental applications were obtained by homogeneous coprecipitation method sonochemically assisted. The effect of ultrasonic cavitation on changing the reaction environment was studied. The chemical reaction media used here was very similar to those used for Sono-Fenton process. The ultrasonic energy has driven the growth of particles; smaller diameter nanoparticles were obtained by applying a higher power. For the first time, it was demonstrated the iron oxide nanoparticles synthesis at pH lower than 6.

AIM: To apply the Lamendin et al. (1992) technique on a Brazilian sample to assess its accuracy on this specific population. METHODS: The authors present two measurements in single-rooted teeth: the peridontosis and transparency of the root. Then, these variables are inserted in an equation to estimate the individual's age. The sample comprised 49 teeth obtained from the collection of the Forensic Medicine Institute of Guarulhos, Brazil. Statistical analysis was performed with t and paired t tests, comparing chronological and estimated ages. RESULTS: It was possible adjust the original formula for Brazilians by linear regression analysis: A = (P x 0.18) + (T x 0.47) + 31.77. Where, A = age; P = (periodontosis height x 100)/root height; and T = (transparency height x 100)/root height. CONCLUSIONS: The method is accurate only for young adults but it could be used with caution in individuals between 45 and 60 years of age to assist in estimating an age range. However, the technique loses its efficacy in older individuals.

AIM: The aims of this study were: a) to verify if the instructions displayed on the packages and labels of dental plaster available for purchase in the city of Porto Alegre are in accordance with the Brazilian laws, and b) to analyze how information is available on packages and labels of dental plaster acquired by dentists. METHODS: For this study, it was used the method proposed by Silva et al. (2010) modified, according to which the information related to instructions for product use displayed on packages and labels, if present, provided by manufacturers and/or importers from each brand of plaster was reviewed: how to use, composition, price, expiration date, health risks and disposal instructions. The collected information was subsequently confronted with the requirements laid out in national legislation on trade of dental plaster. RESULTS: No product showed the price or the instructions for disposal. One brand showed no information of the package and another one showed only the composition of the product; this requirement was present in most products. The mode of use and the expiration date were present in almost all packages, except for two brands. Only two brands presented information on health risks, and yet unsatisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: The different brands and types of dental plaster analyzed presented some kind of violation of the provisions of the Brazilian legislation, most with missing or unsatisfactory information.

Validation studies of physical anthropology methods in the different population groups are extremely important, especially in cases in which the population variations may cause problems in the identification of a native individual by the application of norms developed for different communities. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to estimate the gender of skeletons by application of the method of Oliveira, et al. (1995), previously used in a population sample from Northeast Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The accuracy of this method was assessed for a population from Southeast Brazil and validated by statistical tests. The method used two mandibular measurements, namely the bigonial distance and the mandibular ramus height. The sample was composed of 66 skulls and the method was applied by two examiners. The results were statistically analyzed by the paired t test, logistic discriminant analysis and logistic regression. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that the application of the method of Oliveira, et al. (1995) in this population achieved very different outcomes between genders, with 100% for females and only 11% for males, which may be explained by ethnic differences. However, statistical adjustment of measurement data for the population analyzed allowed accuracy of 76.47% for males and 78.13% for females, with the creation of a new discriminant formula. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that methods involving physical anthropology present high rate of accuracy for human identification, easy application, low cost and simplicity; however, the methodologies must be validated for the different populations due to differences in ethnic patterns, which are directly related to the phenotypic aspects. In this specific case, the method of Oliveira, et al. (1995) presented good accuracy and may be used for gender estimation in Brazil in two geographic regions, namely Northeast and Southeast; however, for other regions of the country (North, Central West and South), previous methodological adjustment is recommended as demonstrated in this study.

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Os efeitos nocivos da poluição sonora em ambientes de trabalho são bem conhecidos e descritos na literatura. Os efeitos da exposição prolongada a ruídos em áreas que demandam alto nível de concentração, como as salas de operações, dependem da variabilidade nas respostas individuais e da intensidade das diferentes fontes geradoras. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma revisão sobre a exposição ocupacional a poluição sonora em Anestesiologia. CONTEÚDO: São discutidos os resultados dos principais artigos da literatura sobre o tema, envolvendo as fontes de poluição sonora e seus efeitos sobre os profissionais, em especial o anestesiologista. É dada ênfase a legislação e as recomendações para a minimização dos efeitos imputados à poluição sonora.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The harmful effects of workplace noise pollution are well known and described in the literature. The effects of prolonged exposure to noise in areas demanding high level of concentration, such as operating rooms, depend on the variability of individual responses and intensity of different generation sources. The aim of this paper is to present a review of occupational exposure to noise in anesthesiology. CONTENT: The results of the main articles in literature on the subject are discussed, concerning the sources of noise pollution and its effects on workers, particularly the anesthesiologist. Emphasis is given to legislation and recommendations to minimize the effects caused by noise.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: Los efectos nocivos de la contaminación sonora en ambientes de trabajo son archiconocidos y están descritos en la literatura. Los efectos de la exposición prolongada a ruidos en las áreas que exigen un alto nivel de concentración como los quirófanos por ejemplo, dependen de la variabilidad en las respuestas individuales y de la intensidad de las diferentes fuentes generadoras. El objetivo de este trabajo, es presentar una revisión sobre la exposición ocupacional a la contaminación sonora en Anestesiología. CONTENIDO: Se discuten aquí los resultados de los principales artículos de la literatura sobre el tema, involucrando las fuentes de contaminación sonora y sus efectos sobre los profesionales, en especial, el anestesiólogo. Se le da un énfasis especial, a la legislación y a las recomendaciones para la minimización de los efectos acarreados por la contaminación sonora.