ABSTRACT. Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important elements used in fertilizing soils in tropical regions due to the low efficiency of phosphate fertilization. This work aimed to fractionate inorganic P (Pi) in tropical soils of different mineralogical compositions and to relate these fractions with their respective phosphate buffer capacity (PBC) indicators. The soils were characterized physically, chemically and mineralogically. Additionally, we evaluated the P concentration that remained in solution of soil after equilibrium was met; this was termed P remaining (P-rem). In general, the Pi fractions of soils did not correlate with the PBC indicators. The P-H2O fraction showed a negative correlation with the P-Al fraction. Ferric minerals did not influence P fixation. P-rem showed a strong correlation with the maximum P adsorption capacity, adsorption energy, and the amorphous and crystalline forms of Fe. The minerals of aluminum contributed the most to P fixation. P-rem was the best estimator of PBC. The soils with high, moderate and low rates of P fixation showed high amounts of the fractions P-Al, P-Ca, and P-Fe, respectively. The results showed that P fixation was influenced by the fractions of P in the soil, suggesting that the efficiency of phosphate fertilizers in tropical soils depends on the mineralogy of the clay fraction within those soils.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi pesquisar a existência de preconceitos contra a mulher entre trabalhadores da Atenção Primária em Saúde e identificar fatores associados. Estudo transversal que teve a participação de 163 profissionais de APS. Foram utilizados os questionários Estereótipos de Gênero (EG) e o Inventário do Sexismo Ambivalente. Pesquisou-se indivíduos dos dois sexos, com mais de 18 anos e escolaridade básica ou média. Os escores médios tinham valores acima de 50,0% do valor máximo: EG – 53,8%, Sexismo Hostil – 58,2%; Sexismo Benévolo – 64,1%. As médias estratificadas por variáveis sociodemográficas eram elevadas. Foram encontradas diferenças significantes por sexo (masculino maior que feminino), religiões (maior nos evangélicos) e nos que usavam bebidas alcoólicas, no Sexismo Hostil. No Sexismo Benévolo houve diferenças por escolaridade (maior no nível básico), religião (maior nos evangélicos e católicos) e atividade exercida (maior em serviços gerais). Estratificando EG não se encontrou diferenças significantes. Preconceitos sexistas hostis, benevolentes e estereótipos de gênero foram detectados. Esse achado pode influir negativamente na relação serviço-usuárias agravando as iniquidades em saúde geradas pelas desigualdades entre gêneros.

Abstract The objective of this study was to research the existence of sexism against women among primary healthcare (PHC) workers and to identify associated factors. This was a cross-sectional study in which 163 PHC professionals of both sexes participated, all of whom were aged over 18 and had completed their primary or secondary education. The Gender Stereotyping and Ambivalent Sexism Inventory questionnaires were used. The average scores were more than 50% of the maximum score: Gender Stereotyping – 53.8%, hostile sexism – 58.2%, benevolent sexism – 64.1%. The average scores stratified by sociodemographic variables were higher. Significant differences in the hostile sexism score were found for sex (men scored higher than women), religion (higher scores for evangelical Christians) and among those who drank alcohol. For benevolent sexism, differences were found for schooling (greater scores for those who had only completed their primary education), religion (higher scores for evangelical Christians and Catholics) and area of work (greater for those working in general services). The stratification of the Gender Stereotyping scores did not point to significant differences. Sexist prejudice was found to exist for hostile sexism, benevolent sexism and gender stereotyping. This finding could have a negative influence on the service-user relationship, leading to greater inequities in health as a result of gender inequality.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi pesquisar a existência de preconceitos contra a mulher entre trabalhadores da Atenção Primária em Saúde e identificar fatores associados. Estudo transversal que teve a participação de 163 profissionais de APS. Foram utilizados os questionários Estereótipos de Gênero (EG) e o Inventário do Sexismo Ambivalente. Pesquisou-se indivíduos dos dois sexos, com mais de 18 anos e escolaridade básica ou média. Os escores médios tinham valores acima de 50,0% do valor máximo: EG – 53,8%, Sexismo Hostil – 58,2%; Sexismo Benévolo – 64,1%. As médias estratificadas por variáveis sociodemográficas eram elevadas. Foram encontradas diferenças significantes por sexo (masculino maior que feminino), religiões (maior nos evangélicos) e nos que usavam bebidas alcoólicas, no Sexismo Hostil. No Sexismo Benévolo houve diferenças por escolaridade (maior no nível básico), religião (maior nos evangélicos e católicos) e atividade exercida (maior em serviços gerais). Estratificando EG não se encontrou diferenças significantes. Preconceitos sexistas hostis, benevolentes e estereótipos de gênero foram detectados. Esse achado pode influir negativamente na relação serviço-usuárias agravando as iniquidades em saúde geradas pelas desigualdades entre gêneros.

Abstract The objective of this study was to research the existence of sexism against women among primary healthcare (PHC) workers and to identify associated factors. This was a cross-sectional study in which 163 PHC professionals of both sexes participated, all of whom were aged over 18 and had completed their primary or secondary education. The Gender Stereotyping and Ambivalent Sexism Inventory questionnaires were used. The average scores were more than 50% of the maximum score: Gender Stereotyping – 53.8%, hostile sexism – 58.2%, benevolent sexism – 64.1%. The average scores stratified by sociodemographic variables were higher. Significant differences in the hostile sexism score were found for sex (men scored higher than women), religion (higher scores for evangelical Christians) and among those who drank alcohol. For benevolent sexism, differences were found for schooling (greater scores for those who had only completed their primary education), religion (higher scores for evangelical Christians and Catholics) and area of work (greater for those working in general services). The stratification of the Gender Stereotyping scores did not point to significant differences. Sexist prejudice was found to exist for hostile sexism, benevolent sexism and gender stereotyping. This finding could have a negative influence on the service-user relationship, leading to greater inequities in health as a result of gender inequality.