Abstract Objective To analyze the outcomes of a cohort of patients with high-risk histologies of endometrial cancer (EC) treated at Instituto Nacional de Câncer (National Cancer Institute, INCA, in Portuguese), in Brazil. Materials and Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients with high-risk histologies of EC in any stage registered at INCA between 2010 and 2016 to perform a clinical and demographic descriptive analysis and to evaluate the outcomes in terms of recurrence and survival. Results From 2010 to 2016, 2,145 EC patients were registered and treated at INCA, and 466 had high-grade histologies that met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the patients was 65 years, 44.6% were Caucasian, and 90% had a performance status of 0 or 1. The most common histology was high-grade endometrioid (31.1%), followed by serous carcinoma (25.3%), mixed (20.0%), carcinosarcoma (13.5%), and clear cell carcinoma (9.4%). Considering the 2018 Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, FIGO, in French) staging system, 44.8%, 12.4%, 29.8%, and 12.9% of the patient were in stages I, II, III or IV respectively. Age (> 60 years), more than 50% of myoinvasion, higher stage, poor performance status, serous and carcinosarcoma histologies, and adjuvant treatment were independent factors associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion The current findings reinforced the international data showing poor outcomes of these tumors, especially for serous and carcinosarcomas and tumors with advanced stages, with shorter survival and high recurrence rates in distant sites, independently of the FIGO stage. Adjuvant therapy was associated with better survival.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os desfechos de uma coorte de pacientes com câncer de endométrio (CE) e histologias de alto risco atendida no Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA) entre 2010 e 2016. Materiais e Métodos Foram revisados prontuários de pacientes com histologias de alto risco de CE em qualquer estágio cadastradas no INCA entre 2010 e 2016 para realizar uma análise descritiva clínica e demográfica e avaliar os resultados em termos de recorrência e sobrevida. Resultados De 2010 a 2016, 2.145 pacientes com CE foram cadastradas e atendidas no INCA, e 466 tinham histologias de alto grau e atendiam aos critérios de inclusão. A média de idade das pacientes foi de 65 anos, 44,6% eram brancas, e 90% tinham performance status de 0 ou 1. A histologia mais comum foi endometrioide de alto grau (31,1%), seguida de carcinoma seroso (25,3%), misto (20,0%), carcinossarcoma (13,5%) e carcinoma de células claras (9,4%). Considerando o estadiamento da Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique (Federação Internacional de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, FIGO, em francês) de 2018, 44,8%, 12,4%, 29,8% e 12,9% apresentaram estágios I, II, III ou IV, respectivamente. Idade (> 60 anos), mais de 50% de mioinvasão, estágio avançado, performance status ruim, histologias serosas e carcinossarcoma, e tratamento adjuvante foram fatores independentes associados à sobrevida livre de recorrência e sobrevida global na análise multivariada. Conclusão Os achados atuais reforçam os dados internacionais que demonstram o prognóstico ruim desses tumores, principalmente para as histologias serosas e carcinossarcomas e para estágios avançados, com menor sobrevida e altas taxas de recorrência à distância, independentemente do estágio da FIGO. A terapia adjuvante foi associada a melhor sobrevida.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Cancer imposes a profound burden on low- and middle-income countries where 65% of the global cancer deaths occurred in 2020. The objective of the present review was to describe female cancer epidemiology in Brazil, barriers to prevention, screening, and treatment, and to propose strategies to a better control. METHODS: For the process of literature search and scientific acquisition, we have utilized the terms “female cancer” AND “breast cancer,” AND “cervical cancer” AND “endometrial cancer” AND “ovarian cancer” AND “Brazil” in PubMed. References of the articles included in this review were manually searched in order to identify relevant studies on the topic. The official Brazilian epidemiology data were extensively analyzed at the governmental site www.inca.gov.br. RESULTS: Considering cases of breast and gynecologic cancers together, 105,770 new cases are expected to be diagnosed yearly, positioning female cancer as the highest cancer incidence in Brazil. Female breast cancer is the most common and the leading cause of death from cancer in the female population in all regions of Brazil, except in the North, where cervical cancer ranks first. Cervical cancer, a preventable disease, corresponds to the third-most common neoplasia in women, with higher incidences in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. An upward trend has been observed in endometrial cancer incidence, a tendency that follows the increase of its two most common risk factors: population aging and obesity. Ovarian cancer currently occupies the eighth position among female cancers in Brazil, but it is the most lethal gynecologic cancer. The main strategies to reduce female cancer mortality rates are the reduction of inequalities in healthcare services and the early diagnosis of cases. The lack of a specific national cancer program results in a reactive and unplanned approach to healthcare provision, ultimately leading to suboptimal resource utilization and higher expenditure. CONCLUSION: Analyzed together, breast and gynecologic cancers correspond to the leading cause of cancer in Brazil. A heterogeneous group, female cancer includes diseases with a high primary and secondary prevention potential. The organization of a female cancer program in Brazil prioritizing primary and secondary prevention strategies, such as adequate mammography screening and human papillomavirus vaccination coverage, could significantly improve female cancer control in the country.

Abstract Life and death are viewed differently in different cultures, religions, and societies; therefore standardizing their meanings in multicultural societies is challenging and complex. Given this reality, this research investigated how death has been understood throughout history and its associated values. An analytic-narrative literature review was conducted, selecting 69 publications to be read in full. Society and medicine have assumed a dualistic perspective in which death of the brain function is viewed as irreversibility of the existence of a psychological self. Faced with the possibility of procuring organs and tissues from a body kept alive and operated on, life support should always aim to benefit, but without causing harm to others. For these advances to be possible, legislation must be clear and up-to-date.

Resumen La vida y la muerte se entienden de distintos modos en diferentes culturas, religiones y sociedades, por lo que estandarizar la comprensión del significado de estos términos en las sociedades multiculturales se vuelve desafiante y complejo. Ante esta realidad, esta investigación pretende conocer cómo se abordó la muerte en la historia y qué valores se asociaron a ella. Para ello, se realizó una revisión de la literatura analítico-narrativa, con una selección de 69 publicaciones para su lectura completa. La sociedad y la medicina tienen una visión dualista que considera la muerte de la función cerebral como una irreversibilidad de la existencia de un yo psicológico. Frente a la posibilidad de recolectar órganos y tejidos de un cuerpo mantenido vivo y operado, el soporte vital siempre debe estar dirigido al beneficio, sin causar daños a terceros. Para que estos avances sean posibles, la legislación debe ser clara y estar actualizada.

Resumo Vida e morte são compreendidas de maneiras distintas em diferentes culturas, religiões e sociedades, portanto padronizar o entendimento dos significados desses termos em sociedades multiculturais torna-se desafiador e complexo. Diante dessa realidade, esta pesquisa busca descobrir como a morte foi compreendida na história e quais valores eram associados a ela. Para isso, realizou-se revisão da literatura analítico-narrativa, com seleção de 69 publicações para leitura na íntegra. A sociedade e a medicina adquiriram uma visão dualista que considera a morte da função cerebral como irreversibilidade de existência de um eu psicológico. Diante da possibilidade de coletar órgãos e tecidos a partir de um corpo mantido vivo e operado, o suporte de vida deve sempre visar o benefício, mas sem causar danos a terceiros. Para que esses avanços sejam possíveis, a legislação deve ser clara e atualizada.

BACKGROUND Leishmania RNA virus 1 (LRV1) is commonly found in South American Leishmania parasites belonging to the subgenus Viannia, whereas Leishmania RNA virus 2 (LRV2) was previously thought to be restricted to the Old-World pathogens of the subgenus Leishmania. OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigated the presence of LRV2 in strains of Leishmania (L.) infantum, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), originating from different hosts, clinical forms, and geographical regions. METHODS A total of seventy-one isolates were screened for LRV2 using semi-nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene. FINDINGS We detected LRV2 in two L. infantum isolates (CUR268 and HP-EMO) from canine and human cases, respectively. MAIN CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detection of LRV2 in the New World.

Abstract Background The incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease (CIHD) may vary significantly among countries. Although populous, Brazil is often underrepresented in international records. Objectives This study aimed to describe the quality of care and the two-year incidence of cardiovascular events and associated prognostic factors in CIHD patients in a tertiary public health care center in Brazil. Methods Patients with CIHD who reported for clinical evaluation at Instituto do Coração (São Paulo, Brazil) were registered and followed for two years. The primary endpoint was a composite of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, or death. A significance level of 0.05 was adopted. Results From January 2016 to December 2018, 625 participants were included in the study. Baseline characteristics show that 33.1% were women, median age 66.1 [59.6 – 71.9], 48.6% had diabetes, 83.1% had hypertension, 62.6% had previous MI, and 70.4% went through some revascularization procedure. At a median follow-up (FU) of 881 days, we noted 37 (7.05%) primary endpoints. After adjustments, age, previous stroke, and LDL-cholesterol were independently associated with the primary endpoint. Comparing baseline versus FU, participants experienced relief of angina based on the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) scale according to the following percentages: 65.7% vs. 81.7% were asymptomatic and 4.2% vs. 2.9% CCS 3 or 4 (p < 0.001). They also experienced better quality of medication prescription: 65.8% vs. 73.6% (p < 0.001). However, there was no improvement in LDL-cholesterol or blood pressure control. Conclusion This study shows that CIHD patients had a two-year incidence of the primary composite endpoint of 7.05%, and the reduction of LDL-cholesterol was the only modifiable risk factor associated with prognosis.

Resumo Fundamento A incidência de eventos cardiovasculares em pacientes com doença cardíaca isquêmica crônica (DCIC) pode variar significativamente entre os países. Embora populoso, o Brasil é frequentemente sub-representado nos registros internacionais. Objetivos Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a qualidade do atendimento e a incidência de eventos cardiovasculares em dois anos, além de fatores prognósticos associados em pacientes com DCIC em um centro terciário de saúde pública no Brasil. Métodos Pacientes com DCIC que compareceram para avaliação clínica no Instituto do Coração (São Paulo, Brasil) foram cadastrados e acompanhados por dois anos. O desfecho primário foi um composto de infarto do miocárdio (IM), acidente vascular encefálico ou morte. Um nível de significância de 0,05 foi adotado. Resultados De janeiro de 2016 a dezembro de 2018, 625 participantes foram incluídos no estudo. As características basais mostram que 33,1% eram mulheres, a idade mediana era de 66,1 [59,6 – 71,9], 48,6% tinham diabetes, 83,1% tinham hipertensão, 62,6% tinham IM prévio e 70,4% passaram por algum procedimento de revascularização. Em um acompanhamento mediano de 881 dias, 37 (7,05%) desfechos primários foram observados. Após ajustes, idade, acidente vascular encefálico prévio e colesterol LDL foram independentemente associados ao desfecho primário. Comparando a linha de base com o acompanhamento, os participantes relataram alívio da angina com base na escala da Sociedade Cardiovascular Canadense (SCC) de acordo com as seguintes porcentagens: 65,7% vs. 81,7% eram assintomáticos e 4,2% vs. 2,9% eram SCC 3 ou 4 (p < 0,001). Eles também relataram melhor qualidade na prescrição de medicamentos: 65,8% vs. 73,6% (p < 0,001). No entanto, não houve melhora no colesterol LDL ou no controle da pressão arterial. Conclusão O presente estudo mostra que pacientes com DCIC apresentaram uma incidência de 7,05% do desfecho primário composto em um período de dois anos, sendo a diminuição do colesterol LDL o único fator de risco modificável associado ao prognóstico.

Resumo O treino cognitivo (TC) através das novas tecnologias representa uma estratégia de intervenção promissora na mitigação dos défices cognitivos pós-AVC. Neste estudo-piloto, avaliamos o impacto a curto prazo de um novo sistema de TC com maior validade ecológica - a plataforma NeuroAIreh@b -, numa amostra de sobreviventes de AVC na fase crónica. Recrutámos dez sobreviventes de AVC que foram submetidos a uma avaliação neuropsicológica (ANP) pré-intervenção. Posteriormente, iniciaram uma intervenção de TC implementada via tablet, com recurso à versão protótipo da plataforma NeuroAIreh@b, envolvendo oito sessões de 45 minutos. Nestas sessões, realizaram quatro tipos de tarefas de TC baseadas em atividades de vida diária (AVDs) (por ex., selecionar os ingredientes corretos para fazer uma receita, pagar as compras no supermercado). Foram efetuadas ANPs pós-intervenção para avaliar o impacto da intervenção a curto prazo. Uma análise intra-grupal com o teste de Wilcoxon revelou diferenças estatisticamente significativas no Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) e na pontuação total do Inventário de Avaliação Funcional de Adultos e Idosos (IAFAI). Globalmente, o TC através da plataforma NeuroAIreh@b parece ser benéfico na fase crónica do AVC, conduzindo a ganhos na cognição geral (MoCA) e na capacidade funcional (IAFAI). Estes resultados preliminares com a versão protótipo da plataforma NeuroAIreh@b são encorajadores e sugerem a generalização dos ganhos obtidos em contexto terapêutico para as AVDs.

Abstract Technology-based cognitive training (CT) represents a promising intervention strategy to mitigate post-stroke cognitive deficits. In this pilot study, we sought to evaluate the short-term impact of a novel CT system with greater ecological validity - the NeuroAIreh@b platform - in a sample of chronic stroke survivors. We recruited ten stroke survivors who underwent a baseline neuropsychological assessment (NPA). Then, participants were enrolled in a tablet-based CT intervention with the prototype version of the NeuroAIreh@b platform, comprising eight 45-minutes training sessions. In these sessions, participants performed four types of CT tasks inspired by activities of daily living (ADLs) (e.g., selecting the correct ingredients for a given recipe, paying for groceries in the supermarket). Post-NPAs were conducted to evaluate the interventions’ short-term impact. A within-group analysis using the Wilcoxon test revealed statistically significant improvements in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and in the Adults and Older Adults Functional Assessment Inventory (IAFAI) total score. Overall, CT with the NeuroAIreh@b platform appears to be beneficial in the chronic phase of stroke, leading to gains in general cognition (MoCA) and functional abilities (IAFAI). These preliminary findings with the prototype version of the NeuroAIreh@b platform are encouraging and suggest the generalization of training gains to ADLs.

ABSTRACT Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) is one of the drugs in the initial first-line antiretroviral regimen for the treatment of hepatitis B and HIV infections. Despite its effectiveness and few adverse effects, it is related to renal and bone toxicity. We described two cases of HIV-positive middle-aged women who had been using TDF for two and four years (cases 1 and 2, respectively) and were admitted to the emergency room. Case 1 presented with metabolic ileum and diffuse bone pain while case 2 presented with bilateral coxo-femoral pain after a fall from standing height. Both cases had similar laboratory tests: hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, hypouricemia and elevated plasma creatinine. In urinary exams, there was evidence of renal loss of electrolytes, justifying the serum alterations, in addition to glucosuria and proteinuria. The bone pain investigation identified bone fractures and reduced bone mineral density, together with increased levels of parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase and vitamin D deficiency. These two cases illustrate the spectrum of adverse renal and bone effects associated with TDF use. TDF was discontinued and treatment was focused on correcting the electrolyte disturbances and acidosis, in addition to controlling the bone disease through vitamin D and calcium supplementation. The renal changes found in both cases characterized the Fanconi’s syndrome, and occurred due to TDF toxicity to proximal tubule cells mitochondria. Bone toxicity occurred due to direct interference of TDF in bone homeostasis, in addition to vitamin D deficiency and phosphaturia resulting from tubulopathy. During the follow-up, both cases evolved with chronic kidney disease and in one of them, the Fanconi’s syndrome did not revert. We emphasize the need to monitor markers of bone metabolism and glomerular and tubular functions in patients using TDF.

Resumo Os instrumentos de comando e controle destinados à conservação da natureza em propriedades privadas são considerados por muitos autores ineficientes e custosos para atingir níveis elevados de proteção. No município de Bonito (MS), um exemplo de iniciativa voltada para a proteção e recuperação da vegetação nativa, denominado “Projeto Formoso Vivo”, buscou promover a adequação de propriedades rurais trazendo bons resultados na proteção e recuperação das Áreas de Preservação Permanente e Reservas Legais. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar, a partir da percepção dos proprietários, o alcance do Projeto Formoso Vivo no que tange à adequação dos imóveis rurais ao regime jurídico-ambiental vigente que trata da proteção da vegetação nativa. Foram realizadas entrevistas, possibilitando análise qualitativa descritiva da percepção dos respondentes. A análise mostrou que todos os entrevistados reconhecem a importância do projeto e consideram possível conciliar a produção econômica da propriedade rural com as exigências de áreas destinadas à conservação.

Abstract Command and control instruments for the conservation of nature on private property are widely considered to be costly and inefficient at achieving significant conservation. In the city of Bonito (MS), an initiative called “Projeto Formoso Vivo”, aimed at the protection of native vegetation, sought to promote rural techniques that significantly aid the protection and restoration of Permanent Preservation Areas and Legal Reserves in Brazil. The aim of this article is to analyze the reach of this project from landholders’ perspective, focusing on the adequacy of rural properties to the current legal-environmental regime for native vegetation protection. Qualitative analysis was conducted through a series of interviews to gauge respondent’s perceptions of the “Projeto Formoso Vivo” initiative. Results show that all respondents recognized the importance of the project and consider it possible to reconcile the economic value of private properties with the requirements of areas destined for conservation.

Resumen Los instrumentos de comando y control para la conservación de la naturaleza en propiedades privadas son considerados por muchos autores ineficientes y costosos para lograr altos niveles de protección. En el municipio de Bonito (MS) una iniciativa orientada a la protección y recuperación de la vegetación nativa, el “Projeto Formoso Vivo”, buscó promover la adecuación de predios rurales logrando buenos resultados. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar, desde la percepción de los propietarios, el alcance del Projeto Formoso Vivo en cuanto a la adecuación de las propiedades rurales al actual régimen jurídico-ambiental que se ocupa de la protección de la vegetación nativa. Los datos fueron colectados por medio de entrevistas. Las respuestas muestran que todos los encuestados reconocen la importancia de las iniciativas de conservación en terrenos privados y consideran posible conciliar la producción económica de la propiedad rural con los requerimientos de las áreas destinadas a la conservación.

ABSTRACT. Palm heart processing generates a large amount of residues like leaves, sheath and stems that have potential for ruminant feeding. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of in natura peach palm heart (Bactris gasipaes Khunt.) residues on performance, dry matter (DM) digestibility and intake of ruminants. External sheath was the most suitable residue for sheep, cattle and buffaloes feeding, although sheep presented rejection of 43.5 g kg-1. Thereby, assays of apparent and in vitro dry matter digestibility were done under four feeding treatments, which were the exclusive peach palm sheath, and that one mixed with residues of banana and rice, besides citrus pulp. The experiment was carried out under randomized complete design, with five replications. Greater DM intake (p < 0.05) were observed in animals fed with peach palm sheath mixed with rice (1.12 kg day-1) and mixed with citrus pulp (0.91 kg day-1), however there were no difference among treatments regarding the sheep final weight (p > 0.05). Cattle and buffaloes accept different types of peach palm residues, unlike sheep that present a low rejecting for them. Citrus pulp and rice residue raise the roughage quality. Peach palm residues can be an alternative roughage source to feed ruminants.

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a associação entre uso de drogas e a insatisfação com a imagem corporal de adolescentes em três cidades brasileiras. Método: estudo transversal, aninhado em um ensaio controlado randomizado para avaliar o programa de prevenção ao uso de drogas em escolas brasileiras #TamoJunto2.0 do Ministério da Saúde. A amostra foi de 5.213 alunos de 73 escolas de três cidades brasileiras. O desfecho satisfação corporal foi analisado por meio da escala de Silhuetas de Stunkard e as variáveis explicativas foram o uso de drogas e dados sociodemográficos. Resultados: os adolescentes tinham entre 12 e 14 anos e cerca de 69,9% relataram insatisfação corporal, e no último ano 35,67% utilizaram álcool. A insatisfação por sobrepeso foi maior nas meninas (41,5%) e por baixo peso nos meninos (33,1%). Os adolescentes que usavam maconha apresentaram 39% (OR=1,39) mais chance de insatisfação por baixo peso e ser menina aumentou em 24% (OR=1,24) as chances de insatisfação por sobrepeso. Conclusão: os níveis de insatisfação corporal merecem atenção no cuidado de enfermagem hebiátrica e reforçam a necessidade de estratégias educativas abordando a imagem corporal e uso de drogas, a relacionando aos vários atributos subjetivos que podem afetar a saúde dos adolescentes, seja na comunidade ou escola.

Abstract Objective: analyze the association between drug use and body dissatisfaction among adolescents in three Brazilian cities. Method: cross-sectional study, using a nested randomized controlled trial to evaluate the drug use prevention program #TamoJunto2.0 of the Ministry of Health in Brazilian schools. The sample consisted of 5,213 students from 73 schools in three Brazilian cities. The outcome body satisfaction was analyzed using the Stunkard scale and the explanatory variables were drug use and sociodemographic data. Results: the adolescents were between 12 and 14 years old; about 69.9% of them reported body dissatisfaction, and 35.67% used alcohol in the previous year. Dissatisfaction due to overweight was higher among girls (41.5%) and dissatisfaction due to underweight was higher among boys (33.1%). Adolescents who used marijuana were 39% (OR=1.39) more likely to feel dissatisfied due to underweight and being a girl increased the chances of feeling dissatisfied due to overweight by 24% (OR=1.24). Conclusion: the levels of body dissatisfaction deserve attention in hebiatric nursing care and reinforce the importance of educational strategies addressing body image and drug use, relating them to the various subjective attributes that can affect the health of adolescents, whether in the community or at school.

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la asociación entre uso de drogas y la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal de adolescentes en tres ciudades brasileñas. Método: estudio transversal, anidado en un ensayo controlado aleatorio para evaluar el programa de prevención del uso de drogas en escuelas brasileñas #TamoJunto2.0 del Ministerio de la Salud. La muestra fue de 5.213 alumnos de 73 escuelas de tres ciudades brasileñas. El desenlace satisfacción corporal se analizó mediante la escala de Siluetas de Stunkard y las variables explicativas fueron el consumo de drogas y los datos sociodemográficos. Resultados: los adolescentes tenían entre 12 y 14 años y alrededor del 69,9% relató insatisfacción corporal, y en el último año el 35,67% consumió alcohol. La insatisfacción por sobrepeso fue mayor en las niñas (41,5%) y por bajo peso en los niños (33,1%). Los adolescentes que consumían marihuana tenían un 39% (OR=1,39) más de probabilidades de estar insatisfechos con el bajo peso y ser niña aumentó en un 24% (OR=1,24) las chances de insatisfacción por sobrepeso. Conclusión: los niveles de insatisfacción corporal merecen atención en el cuidado de enfermería hebiátrica y refuerzan la necesidad de estrategias educativas abordando la imagen corporal y el uso de drogas, relacionándola a los varios atributos subjetivos que pueden afectar la salud de los adolescentes, ya sea en la comunidad o en la escuela.

Resumo A qualidade do solo refere-se à avaliação das propriedades químicas, físicas e biológicas do solo e tem sido um assunto explorado dentro das linhas de pesquisas agronômicas em decorrência de ações antrópicas que, muitas vezes, causam degradação. Objetivou-se pesquisar, entre os atributos físicos e biológicos estudados, aqueles que melhor expliquem, linear e espacialmente, a variabilidade do solo cultivado com soja na estação chuvosa e em pousio na estação seca no sistema agrossilvipastoril. O trabalho foi conduzido no ano agrícola 2015/2016, em Ipameri, Goiás. Analisaram-se as distribuições espaciais e as correlações entre alguns atributos indicadores da qualidade do solo: carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM), respiração microbiana do solo (C-CO2), quociente metabólico (qCO2) e umidade do solo (UG), na profundidade de 0,00-0,10 m, nos períodos de chuva e seca. Instalou-se no local, uma malha geoestatística, onde foram coletados 52 pontos. Foi realizada a análise descritiva dos dados, a fim de obter correlações lineares, simples e múltiplas, entre os atributos. Os semivariogramas foram modelados a fim de obter as respectivas krigagens e validações cruzadas. Estabeleceram-se as co-krigagens de interesse. Os atributos microbiológicos do solo foram bons indicadores de zonas de manejo específico, apresentando maior dependência espacial no período chuvoso. O qCO2 apresentou relação direta com C-CO2 no período chuvoso, enquanto CBM apresentou relação inversamente proporcional tanto no período chuvoso, como no seco. O qCO2 foi o atributo que melhor representou, linear e espacialmente, a variabilidade do solo sob o sistema ILPF, refletindo as zonas de maior eficiência do uso do substrato pelos organismos do solo.

Abstract Soil quality refers to the assessment of the chemical, physical and biological properties of the soil and has been a subject explored within the lines of agronomic research because of anthropic actions that often cause degradation. The objective was to research, among the studied physical and biological attributes, those that best explain, linearly and spatially, the variability of the soil cultivated with soybeans in the rainy season and fallow in the dry season in the agrosilvopastoral system. The work was carried out in the 2015/2016 agricultural year, in Ipameri, Goiás. The spatial distributions and correlations between some soil quality indicator attributes were analyzed: microbial biomass carbon (CBM), soil microbial respiration (C-CO2), metabolic quotient (qCO2) and soil moisture (UG), at a depth of 0.00-0.10 m, during periods of rain and drought. A geostatistical grid was installed, where 52 points were collected. Descriptive analysis of the data was carried out to obtain linear, simple and multiple correlations between the attributes. The semivariograms were modeled to obtain the respective krigings and cross-validations. The co-krigages of interest were established. The microbiological attributes of the soil were good indicators of specific management zones, showing greater spatial dependence in the rainy season. qCO2 was directly related to C-CO2 in the rainy season, while CBM was inversely proportional in bothrainy and dry periods. The qCO2 was the attribute that best represented, linearly and spatially, the variability of the soil under the ILPF system, reflecting the zones of greatest efficiency in the use of the substrate by soil organisms.

RESUMO O sepultamento de corpos é uma atividade potencialmente poluidora. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a adequação das áreas de dois cemitérios públicos à legislação ambiental e à atividade cemiterial e quantificar a concentração de metais pesados nos solos que estão sob influência desses empreendimentos. Realizou-se a caracterização físico-química do solo, com a análise de amostras testemunha de solo de cada cemitério. Também foram determinadas as concentrações dos metais pesados: cádmio, chumbo, cromo, níquel, zinco e cobre, por meio de espectrometria de absorção atômica de alta resolução com fonte contínua. As áreas dos cemitérios apresentam condições insatisfatórias para a retenção de íons catiônicos metálicos, com percentuais de argila variando entre 15,40 e 41,40% e de areia entre 28,75 e 66,85%. Os solos testemunha apresentaram reduzida capacidade de troca de cátions entre 12,27 e 22,73 cmolc/dm³) e elevada saturação por alumínio entre 66,74 e 90,16%. Apesar de nenhum dos cemitérios apresentar concentrações dos metais analisados acima dos limites de prevenção estabelecidos pela Resolução nº 420/2009 do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente, em função das características dos solos, os contaminantes podem estar sendo lixiviados para os recursos hídricos subjacentes.

ABSTRACT The burial of bodies is a potentially polluting activity. Taking this into consideration, the aim of the present study was to verify the compliance of two cemeteries with environmental legislation and to quantify the concentrations of heavy metals in soils affected by burial activities. Physicochemical characterization of the soil was performed by analyzing control samples from areas near the cemeteries. Concentrations of cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel, zinc and copper were determined using high-resolution continuum source atomic absorption spectrometry. The two cemeteries had unsatisfactory properties for the retention of metal cations, with clay percentages ranging from 15.40 to 41.40% and sand percentages ranging from 28.75 to 66.85%. The control samples presented low cation exchange capacity (12.27 to 22.73 cmolc/dm³) and high aluminum (Al3+) saturation (66.74 to 90.16%). Although neither of the two cemeteries had concentrations above the limits established for the metals analyzed by Resolution No. 420/2009 of the National Environment Council, the contaminants may be leaching to groundwater due to inadequate soil characteristics.

RESUMO A erosão hídrica é um dos principais fatores da degradação dos solos, impactando seu potencial produtivo e capacidade de provisão de serviços ecossistêmicos. O ecótono Cerrado-Amazônia, no norte de Mato Grosso, Brasil, tem sofrido intensas modificações em seu uso e cobertura com impacto na erosão e degradação do solo. Apesar da importância ambiental e agropecuária da região, estudos sobre as perdas de água, solo e nutrientes são escassos. Neste trabalho, testamos a utilidade da integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta (ICLF) para a produção agrícola sustentável no ecótono Cerrado-Amazônia. Foi implantado um experimento de campo no norte de Mato Grosso para quantificar as perdas de solo, água, carbono e nitrogênio durante o período chuvoso de 2012-2013 em parcelas de integração lavoura-floresta (ICF), pastagem (PAST), plantação de eucalipto (EUC), plantio direto com sucessão de culturas (CS) e solo descoberto (BS). As perdas totais de água, solo, carbono e nitrogênio foram, em média, 96,7% maiores em BS, quando comparadas a ICF, EUC, PAST e CS. As perdas de água e solo foram significativamente menores na ICF comparado a CS. As perdas totais de carbono (4.3 - 428.2 kg ha-1) e nitrogênio (1.05 - 10.4 kg ha-1) diferiram significativamente. Os sistemas com um componente arbóreo (EUC e ICF) e PAST tiveram menores perdas de solo e nutrientes em comparação com CS. Nossos resultados demonstraram que ICLF pode evitar a perda de qualidade de solo, melhorando a sustentabilidade da agricultura no ecótono Cerrado-Amazônia.

ABSTRACT Soil, water, and nutrient loss by water erosion are among the main factors leading to land degradation, decreasing soil productivity and the provision of ecosystem services. The Cerrado-Amazon ecotone in western Brazil has suffered rapid land-use cover changes with impacts on soil erosion and land degradation. Despite the importance of the region for Brazilian agriculture and environmental conservation, studies on soil, water, and nutrient loss are still scarce. We tested integrated crop-livestock-forestry (ICLF) as a sustainable agriculture management system for the Cerrado-Amazon ecotone region. A field experiment was established in the north of Mato Grosso state to quantify total soil, water, carbon and nitrogen loss during the rainy season in 2012-2013 in plots of integrated crop-forestry (ICF), pasture (PAST), eucalyptus plantation (EUC), no-tillage crop succession (CS) and bare soil (BS). Total soil, water, carbon and nitrogen losses in BS were, on average, 96.7% higher than in ICF, EUC, PAST, and CS. ICF had significantly lower water loss than CS, EUC and PAST. Total loss of carbon (4.3 - 428.2 kg ha-1) and nitrogen (0.3 - 29.2 kg ha-1) differed significantly among treatments. The production systems with tree components (EUC and ICF) and PAST showed reduced soil and nutrients loss compared to CS. Our results demonstrated that ICLF can avoid soil quality loss and thus improve agriculture sustainability in the Cerrado-Amazon ecotone.

RESUMO A pesquisa objetivou analisar a percepção de gênero foneticamente, pela variabilidade do pitch, na fala de 14 homens, 7 que se autodeclararam gays e 7 autodeclarados heterossexuais. Os áudios foram submetidos a testes de percepção e julgados por ouvintes juízes leigos. Utilizaram-se os pressupostos teóricos da Sociolinguística Variacionista de Labov (2008 [1972]) e Eckert (1989, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2012; ECKERT; MCCONNELL-GINET, 2010), e testes de percepção da fala realizados por Gaudio (1994); Smyth, Jacobs e Rogers (2003); Levon (2007); Campbell-Kibler (2011); entre outros. Médias maiores de variabilidade do pitch dos informantes gays foram verificadas. Na maioria dos aspectos, as médias dos informantes homossexuais da pesquisa, aproximaram-se mais das médias dos informantes gays participantes das pesquisas em língua inglesa que das médias apresentadas por nossos informantes heterossexuais. Assim, devido às semelhanças encontradas nos resultados de algumas pesquisas, parece plausível afirmar haver alguns aspectos universais característicos e típicos de uma “fala gay”.

ABSTRACT The research aimed at phoneticaly examining the speech of 14 men, 7 who declared themselves to be gay and 7 self-declared heterosexuals. The audios of these men´s voices were submitted to tests of perception and judged by evaluating listening lay judges. The theoretical assumptions of Variationist Sociolinguistics by Labov (2008 [1972]) and Eckert (1989, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2012; ECKERT; MCCONNELL-GINET, 2010) and Speech Perception, carried out by Gaudio (1994); Smyth, Jacobs and Rogers (2003); Levon (2007); Campbell-Kibler (2011), among others, were used. Significant greater averages of pitch variability among gay informants were also verified. In most aspects, the averages of homosexual informants were closer to the averages of gay informants participating in English-language surveys than the averages presented by the heterosexual informants. Thus, due to the similarities of results found in some surveys, it seems acceptable to affirm that there are some universal typical aspects that characterize a “gay speech”.