Abstract The capuchin monkey (Sapajus nigritus) is one of the primates that make up the wild fauna of Rio Grande do Sul. Like other wild animals, primates suffer from infectious diseases transmitted by insects, including filariasis. This report presents the anatomopathological aspects of a multisystemic infection by Dipetalonema spp. in a capuchin monkey, female, adult, of wild origin, rescued along a highway in the north of the state of Rio Grande do Sul by the road policing service and taken for assistance. In the clinical evaluation, nystagmus and involuntary head movements, semi-comatose state, hyperthermia (38.7ºC), hypovolemia, multiple abrasions and deep skin lacerations covering muscle layers were observed. The patient was hospitalized and medicated, but his clinical picture worsened, which resulted in death. At necropsy, the main findings were in the peritoneal cavity, where there was an accumulation of yellowish serous fluid, marked formation of fibrinous adhesions and numerous free nematode parasites in the cavity. Histologically, microfilariae have been observed in the lumen of blood vessels in the lung, liver, heart, kidneys, spleen, small and large intestines, and brain. Peritonitis, pneumonia and bronchiolitis associated with nematodes, liver damage and cerebral microgliosis with satellitosis, neuronophagia and hemorrhagic malacia were also observed. Adult microfilariae and filarids were submitted to morphometric identification and characterized as belonging to the genus Dipetalonema. Thus, it was concluded that this was a case of multisystemic infection by Dipetalonema spp.

Resumo O macaco-prego (Sapajus nigritus) é um dos primatas que compõem a fauna silvestre do Rio Grande do Sul. Assim como outros animais silvestres, os primatas padecem de doenças infecciosas veiculadas por insetos, entre as quais, as filarioses. Este relato apresenta os aspectos anatomopatológicos de uma infecção multissistêmica por Dipetalonema spp. em um macaco-prego, fêmea, adulta, de origem silvestre, resgatado junto a uma rodovia do Norte do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul pelo serviço de policiamento rodoviário e conduzida para atendimento. Na avaliação clínica observaram-se nistagmo e movimentos involuntários da cabeça, estado semi-comatoso, hipertermia (38,7ºC), hipovolemia, múltiplas escoriações e lacerações cutâneas profundas abrangendo camadas musculares. O paciente foi hospitalizado e medicado, mas apresentou piora do quadro clínico, que evoluiu a óbito. Na necropsia, os principais achados foram na cavidade peritoneal, onde observaram-se acúmulo de líquido seroso amarelado, marcada formação de aderências fibrinosas e numerosos parasitas nematódeos livres na cavidade. Histologicamente foram observadas microfilárias no lúmen de vasos sanguíneos do pulmão, fígado, coração, rins, baço, intestinos delgado e grosso, e cérebro. Também foram constatadas peritonite, pneumonia e bronquiolite associadas à nematódeos, danos hepáticos e microgliose cerebral com satelitose, neuronofagia e malácia hemorrágica. Microfilarias e filarídeos adultos foram submetidos à identificação morfométrica e caracterizados como pertencentes ao gênero Dipetalonema. Assim, foi concluído tratar-se de um caso de infecção multissistêmica por Dipetalonema spp.

RESUMO O rendimento médio nacional da batata-doce está abaixo do potencial produtivo da cultura, principalmente devido ao cultivo de variedades locais e não melhoradas que apresentam baixos rendimentos. Para melhorar essa condição, junto com tratamentos culturais adequados, deve-se buscar cultivares mais produtivas. Assim, objetivou-se caracterizar genótipos de batata-doce obtidos por meio de cruzamentos. O experimento foi conduzido de janeiro a maio de 2019 em Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com 264 (genótipos) + Controle (‘Beauregard’), com duas repetições. A colheita de todas as plantas começou 127 dias após o plantio dos propágulos. Após a colheita, as raízes foram lavadas e colocadas para secar em área coberta para avaliação. Foram avaliados: rendimento total, comercial e não comercial; número total, comercial e não comercial da raiz; teor de matéria seca de raízes; e a produtividade de matéria seca. Os genótipos CERAT16-20, CERAT31-1 e CERAT21-2 são promissores para a produção de raízes para consumo doméstico devido à alta produtividade das raízes comerciais. Os acessos CERAT16-20, CERAT31-1, CERAT25-17, CERAT25-12, CERAT21-2, CERAT29-26, CERAT34-4, CERAT31-11 e CERAT24-8 são promissores para a indústria devido à alta produção de massa seca por hectare. Os componentes principais, número total de raízes comerciais, produção de raízes não comerciais, massa de raízes comerciais, produção total de massa seca de raízes, massa de raízes e produção total de raízes têm baixa contribuição para discriminação dos genótipos, portanto, sua análise pode ser descartada em trabalhos futuros, sob mesmas condições edafoclimáticas, reduzindo o trabalho, despesas e tempo.

ABSTRACT The average national sweet potato yield of Brazil falls below the productive potential of the crop because of the cultivation of local and unimproved varieties. To improve this, more productive cultivars must be adopted along with adequate culture treatments. This study was conducted between January and May 2019 in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, to characterize sweet potato genotypes obtained through crossbreeding. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks containing 264 genotypes, the control (‘Beauregard’), and two replicates. Plant harvesting began 127 d after planting. After harvesting, the roots were washed and dried in a covered area ready for evaluation. The total, commercial, and non-commercial yield; total, commercial, and non-commercial root number; root dry matter content; and dry matter productivity were evaluated. The genotypes CERAT16-20, CERAT31-1, and CERAT21-2 are promising in terms of root production for household consumption because of their high productivity of commercial roots. In contrast, genotypes CERAT16-20, CERAT31-1, CERAT25-17, CERAT25-12, CERAT21-2, CERAT29-26, CERAT34- 4, CERAT31-11, and CERAT24-8 are promising for industry because of the high production of dry mass per hectare. The main components, total number of commercial roots, production of non-commercial roots, mass of commercial roots, total production of dry mass of roots, mass of roots, and total production of roots have a low contribution to the discrimination of the genotypes; therefore, their analysis can be discarded in future studies, under the same soil and climate conditions, thus reducing workload, expense, and time.

ABSTRACT. Fig tree (Ficus carica L., Moraceae), which originated in the Mediterranean Basin, is one of the many fruit trees grown in Brazil, with ‘Roxo-de-Valinhos’ being the exclusively used cultivar. In this context, research aimed at the improvement of this species to develop highly resistant and adaptable cultivars is paramount. Thus, the present study aimed to maintain fig accessions in an in vivo active germplasm bank (AGB) at the Faculty of Engineering of Ilha Solteira (FEIS), São Paulo State University (UNESP), as well as to characterize the agronomic traits of these accessions based on quantitative descriptors of genetic parameters and observe gains with the selection of specific genotypes to illustrate the AGB in terms of genetic variability. A total of 36 F. carica genotypes were evaluated in the field at the Teaching, Research and Extension Farm (FEPE) of the FEIS, UNESP. Qualitative traits, fruit parameters (e.g., insertion of the first fruit, fruit stalk length, fruit length, fruit diameter, and average fruit mass), and accumulated plant dry mass were measured. In addition, genetic parameters, variance components, and descriptive statistics, including genetic and environmental variances, heritability and average heritability of clones, coefficients of genotypic and environmental variation and their ratio (CV g %/Cv e %), general average, and selection gain, were evaluated. The selected fig tree accessions showed genetic variability in the assessed traits, exhibiting good heritability and achieving selection gains. For instance, the first 10 classified clones exhibited a heritability of 80.2% and achieved a selection gain of 98% for accumulated plant dry mass. Therefore, the maintenance of in vivo AGBs allows agronomic studies, offering promising results for continuing the breeding programs and preserving the genetic variability of species.

ABSTRACT. Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is an important tuber vegetable for human health worldwide owing to its nutritional value and productivity. Consumption of orange-fleshed sweetpotato is beneficial to combat vitamin A deficiency in the world, including Brazil, as these tubers are rich in β-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A. The genotype × environment interaction is one of the greatest challenges in plant breeding, specifically in the selection and approval of cultivars. In this context, adaptability and stability analyses are warranted to evaluate the performance of various genotypes in terms of general or specific adaptations to certain environments and to identify genotypes responsive to environmental variations. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the genotype × environment interaction as well as to estimate the adaptability and stability of sweetpotato genotypes for identifying and selecting promising candidates for breeding. The experiments were performed in four environments: Vera Cruz in São Paulo, Selvíria in Mato Grosso do Sul, and one organic and another intercropped production system in Sete Barras in São Paulo. A randomized block design with two replicates was adopted. A total of 265 genotypes were tested, and the orange-fleshed sweetpotato cultivar ‘Beauregard’ was used as the control. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model was used to study environmental stratification, adaptability, and stability. The genotype × environment interaction was evident in all environments. The genotypes CERAT21-13 (marketable root yield, 22.30 t ha-1 in the four environments), CERAT29-26 (27.74 t ha-1), and CERAT52-22 (20.24 t ha-1) were the most adapted in general to the four environments. CERAT25-23, CERAT29-23, and CERAT29-26 were the most adapted to the environment in Vera Cruz; CERAT29-26, CERAT34-14, and CERAT56-32 to the environment in Selvíria; and CERAT31-10, CERAT35-19, and CERAT52-22 to the two environments in Sete Barras.

RESUMO A batata-doce é uma hortaliça de grande importância na alimentação humana, devido ao seu alto valor nutritivo. Apresenta alta variação fenotípica, com diversas formas de raízes, folhas e ramas. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se estudar a divergência genética de genótipos de batata-doce por meio de caracteres morfoagronômicos. O experimento foi conduzido em área experimental da Unesp, Câmpus de Ilha Solteira, situada no município de Selvíria-MS. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados com duas repetições, incluindo 200 genótipos e ‘Beauregard’ como testemunha biofortificada. Foram avaliados caracteres morfoagronômicos de parte aérea dos genótipos aos 110 dias e de raiz aos 127 dias, após o plantio. Com os dados obtidos realizou-se análise descritiva em percentual das classes fenotípicas. Para estudo da divergência genética realizou-se análise multivariada, agrupando-se pelos métodos de Tocher & Ward. Também realizou-se análise da contribuição relativa de cada carácter para a divergência genética. As análises estatísticas foram feitas utilizando-se o programa computacional Genes e SAS. Há ampla diversidade genética na população estudada, o que pode possibilitar ganhos genéticos na recombinação dos genótipos. O método de agrupamento de Tocher foi mais efetivo para discriminação da dissimilaridade entre os genótipos. A baixa importância relativa dos caracteres tamanho da folha, diâmetro do internódio e cor secundária da casca, permite dispensar a sua análise em futuros trabalhos, reduzindo gastos de mão-de-obra, custo e tempo de execução.

ABSTRACT Sweet potato is a vegetable of great importance in human consumption, due to its high nutritional value. It presents high phenotypic variation, with different forms of roots, leaves and vines. Given the above, we aimed to study the genetic divergence of sweet potato genotypes based on morpho-agronomic traits. The experiment was conducted in an experimental area of Unesp, Ilha Solteira Campus, located in Selvíria-MS. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with two replicates, including 200 genotypes and ‘Beauregard’ as a biofortified control. Shoot morphological traits of the genotypes were evaluated at 110 days and root morphological traits were evaluated at 127 days after planting. We used the obtained data to perform descriptive analysis, in percentage of phenotypic classes. In order to study genetic divergence, multivariate analysis was performed, grouping was done using Tocher’s and Ward’s methods. We also analyzed relative contribution of each trait for genetic divergence. Statistical analyzes were performed using Genes software and SAS. Wide genetic variability could be verified in the population studied in this experiment, being possible to obtain genetic gains in recombination between genotypes. Grouping using Tocher’s method was more effective for discriminating dissimilarity between genotypes. The low relative importance of leaf size, internode diameter and secondary peel color makes further evaluation of these traits unnecessary, reducing labor costs, cost and execution time.

RESUMO Devido à alta variabilidade genética encontrada na cultura da batata-doce e às poucas cultivares disponíveis no mercado, são identificadas oportunidades de melhorias necessárias nos programas de melhoramento genético da cultura. Diante disso, o uso do índice de seleção torna-se uma estratégia favorável para que sejam alcançadas melhores produtividades por meio dos ganhos genéticos obtidos com a população futura. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar o ganho de seleção de caracteres agronômicos de acessos de batata-doce para produção de raiz e dupla aptidão (produtivos em raiz e parte aérea). Foram avaliados 95 acessos e duas cultivares comerciais (Brazlândia Branca e Brazlândia Roxa). Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados com três repetições de dez plantas por parcela. Foi empregado o índice proposto por Mulamba & Mock para a seleção de indivíduos superiores. A população avaliada apresentou alta variabilidade genética proporcionando ganhos consideráveis com a seleção, sendo recomendados alguns clones para ensaios de valor de cultivo e uso. O acesso VR13-61 foi o mais recomendado para produção de raiz e VR13-11 e VR13-22 para dupla aptidão.

ABSTRACT Due to the high genetic variability found in sweet potato and a low number of cultivars available on the market, there are opportunities for necessary improvements in crop breeding programs. The selection indexes are a favorable strategy to achieve higher yields through genetic gains obtained with the future population. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the selection gain of agronomic characters from sweet potato accessions for root production and dual-aptitude. 95 accessions and two commercial cultivars (Braslandia Branca and Brazlândia Roxa) were evaluated. A randomized block design with three replications of ten plants per plot was used. The index proposed by Mulamba & Mock was used to select superior individuals. The evaluated population showed high genetic variability providing considerable selection gains, being recommended some clones for tests of value for cultivation and use. The VR13-61 accession was the most recommended for root production and VR13-11 and VR13-22 for dual-aptitude.

Abstract Estimating genetic parameters is an essential procedure to define strategies for breeding and selection of higher yielding genotypes. The use of a selection index can assist in decision making by combining the high yield trait with other desirable traits. The objective of this study was to verify the possibility of gains from selection in a sweet potato population to select potentially promising genotypes. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with three plants per plot and two replications, consisting of 255 sweet potato genotypes and a commercial cultivar (256 treatments). The data were analyzed through REML/BLUP. Genetic gains were evaluated using selection indexes based on the rank sun. The plant population tested showed high genetic variability; 81.25% of the traits had genotypic coefficients of variation above 20%, which indicates conditions favorable to selection with considerable genetic advances. CERAT31-01, CERAT21-02, and CERAT51-30 can be recommended as the most promising genotypes.

Abstract Plantations made up of clones carry genetic uniformity that can compromise production. The use of multiclonal plantations is a possible solution. The objective of this study was to identify effects of competition on silvicultural performance of Eucalyptus spp. commercial clones. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with 12 eucalyptus clones, three replicates, and five plants per plot. Clones were evaluated for two competition types, intra- and intergenotypic, at 3 and 5 years of age. Competition parameters were estimated based on the analyses performed. Differences were found between the types of competition at both ages for mean annual increment and wood volume. Clones 8 and 9 stood out from the others in both intra- and intergenotypic competition. At 5 years of age, intergenotypic competition produced productivity gains of 13% in clones 8 and 9 and 4% overall considering wood volume and mean annual increment.

RESUMO O gênero Heliconia se destaca comercialmente pela aparência exótica de suas inflorescências. São plantas sensíveis à falta de umidade no solo, sendo necessário manejo adequado da irrigação. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes lâminas de irrigação sobre os caracteres fitotécnicos e produtivos de Heliconia psittacorum cultivar Golden Torch cultivadas em vaso. O experimento foi conduzido no período de março a outubro de 2014, em blocos casualizados. Foram utilizados cinco tratamentos correspondentes as diferentes lâminas de irrigação [50 (L50), 75 (L75), 100 (L100), 125 (L125) e 150% (L150) da evaporação de água do tanque Classe A (ECA)] com quatro repetições e duas plantas por repetição. Foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: número de dias para emissão do primeiro perfilho, número de dias para emissão da primeira inflorescência, número de dias para a colheita da inflorescência, ciclo da planta, diâmetro da haste floral, comprimento da haste floral, comprimento da inflorescência, altura de planta, número de perfilhos e produtividade de hastes florais. Foram realizadas leituras de clorofila e medições de área foliar. As lâminas de irrigação testadas influenciaram significativamente o número de dias para colheita da primeira inflorescência, comprimento da haste floral e comprimento da inflorescência. A lâmina de irrigação de 150% da ECA proporcionou melhores resultados para o comprimento da haste floral, comprimento da inflorescência e para área foliar, mas sem diferir das lâminas de 75%, 100% e 125% da ECA. Assim, para o cultivo da helicônia cv. Golden Torch em vaso recomenda-se as lâminas correspondentes de 75% a 150% da ECA.

ABSTRACT The genus Heliconia is commercially detached by the exotic appearance of the inflorescences but is susceptible to lack of moisture in the soil, being necessary the irrigation management. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation levels on the plant growth and productive characters of Heliconia psittacorum cv. Golden Torch cultivated in vase. The experiment was conducted from March to October 2014, in a randomized blocks design. Five treatments corresponding to the different irrigation levels were used [50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of the evaporation measured in Class A (ECA)] with four replicates and two plants per replicate. The following evaluations were carried out: number of days for the emergence of the first tiller, number of days for the emergence of the first inflorescence, number of days for the inflorescence harvest, crop cycle, diameter of the flower stem, length of the flower stem, inflorescence length, plant high, number of tillers and productivity of flower stems. Chlorophyll and leaf area measurements were performed. The irrigation levels tested significantly influenced the number of days for the first inflorescence harvest, length of the flower stem and inflorescence length. The irrigation level of 150% ECA provided better results for the length of the flower stem, inflorescence length and for leaf area but without differences from 75%, 100% and 125% ECA. Thus, for the cultivation of the heliconia cv. Golden Torch in pot can be recommended the level corresponding from 75% to 150% ECA.

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar os efeitos de diferentes tratamentos químicos na qualidade fisiológica pós-armazenamento de sementes de diferentes genótipos de soja, em ambientes de armazenamento distintos. Os tratamentos foram as combinações de quatro cultivares; dois fitofármacos, a mistura dos fungicidas fludioxonil + metalaxil-M, o inseticida tiametoxame e a testemunha (sem produto fitofármaco, uma de cada cultivar); e três locais de armazenamento: câmara fria; silo bolsa e armazém. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 4x3x3, procedendo-se o teste de Tukey para comparação de médias, com nível de significância de 5%. Constatou-se que a qualidade de sementes de soja foi influenciada pelo genótipo e condições de armazenamento, sendo esses fatores mais limitantes do que o tratamento de sementes com os fitofármacos. Em armazém, as sementes de soja apresentavam maior viabilidade ao fim de 180 dias. Condições de armazenamento com humidade relativa de 80% prejudicaram a qualidade fisiológica das cultivares testadas. Em síntese, é possível o armazenamento das sementes tratadas com os princípios ativos utilizados pelo período de 180 dias, em armazém.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of different chemical treatments on the physiological quality of seeds of different soybean genotypes after storage in different storage environments. The treatments were the combinations of four varieties; two chemical treatments, the mixture of the fungicides fludioxonil + metalaxyl, the insecticide thiamethoxam and control (no chemical); three different storage systems: cold chamber; silo bag and warehouse. The design was a completely randomized design with four replicates, in a 4x3x3 factorial scheme. Tukey test were used to analyze data, with 5% significance level. From results, it is concluded that the quality of soybean seeds was influenced by the genotype and storage conditions, being these factors more limiting than the treatment of seeds with pesticide. Warehouse storage presented better conditions for the viability of soybean seeds. Storage conditions at 80% of relative humidity affect the physiological quality of the varieties. It is possible to store the seeds treated with the active ingredients used for the period of 180 days in storage.

Abstract Aims: The aim of the present study was 1) compare the drop-out rates between athletes born in different trimesters of the competitive year from different sports and 2) identify the causes pointed by the dropped-out athletes born in different selection year trimesters to disengage from the competitive sports environment. Methods: Data from 966 athletes who left the competitive sports context were analyzed under the Relative Age Effect (RAE) theoretical framework during 3 consecutive seasons. The drop-out rate and the reason to quit the competitive environment were analyzed by a routine club questionnaire. Results: An expected reverse RAE on drop-out rates was identified, in which the early born athletes were overrepresented (p<0.001). Regarding the reasons to disengage from competitive sports environment, no reason emerged as the main cause to dropout between athletes born in different selection year trimester. Conclusion: It was concluded that despite the common assumption that personal psychological issues related to RAE in late born athletes are important factors influencing sports disengagement, the relationship between drop-out and RAE is more complex and multifactorial.

The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of composted pig slurry (PS) on the organic matter concentration and distribution of humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and humin (HU) fractions. The fractions were quantified following the addition of composted PS to the soil, which was produced with no acidification (T2) or with acidification with H3PO4 (T3); and in soil without compost addition (T1). The HA chemical composition was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. The addition of the two composts did not change the soil carbon concentration but affected the distribution of the humic fractions. For the three treatments, the carbon concentration of humic substances increased until 52 days following compost addition, with more pronounced increases with the addition of non-acidified PS compost (14.5 g kg-1) and acidified PS compost (15.1 g kg-1). This increase was reflected in both the FA and HA concentrations. The addition of compost with PS acidification resulted in the formation of larger humic micelles (HA) with higher aromatic content and fewer functional groups than the non-acidified PS compost. These findings, together with a lower proportion of carbohydrate-type structures, indicated the presence of more stable humic micelles in the soil treated with acidified PS compost.

Garlic plants are naturally infected by a mixture of viruses, including allexiviruses. Symptomatic garlic plants with mosaic and distorted leaves from garlic producing regions in Brazil were analyzed for the presence of Garlic virus A (GarV-A), Garlic virus B (GarV-B), Garlic virus C (GarV-C), Garlic virus D (GarV-D) and Garlic mite-borne filamentous virus (GarMbFV), five allexivirus species previously reported in the country. Fifty-nine virus isolates from five distinct allexivirus species were identified and the complete coat protein region of each genome was sequenced. Mixed infections were very frequent and corresponded to 43% of the positive samples. The nucleotide identity of the coat protein ranged between 75% and 98% for GarV-A isolates, 83% and 90% for GarV-B, 69% and 98% for GarV-C, 87% and 97% for GarV-D, and 72% and 91% for GarMbFV.

O paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum) é uma espécie nativa da floresta amazônica, que ocorre naturalmente no Brasil, Peru e Colômbia. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o rendimento em laminação da madeira de paricá. Para isso foram avaliadas toras da espécie em uma fábrica de compensado instalada na região Amazônica brasileira. Os resultados indicaram que o paricá apresenta um elevado rendimento em laminação, sendo similar ou em alguns casos até superior a espécies tradicionalmente utilizadas para esta finalidade no Brasil, como as dos gêneros Pinus e Eucalyptus. Observou-se ainda que o rendimento em laminação da espécie pode ser estimado por meio dos parâmetros dendrométricos das toras.

The tropical tree Schizolobium amazonicum is native from the Amazonian forest, naturally occurring in Brazil, Peru and Colombia. This work aimed to study the veneer yield made from this species. For this purpose, 50 logs from S. amazonicum were rotary peeled in a plywood industry installed in Brazilian Amazon region. The results indicated that S. amazonicum had a peeling yield similar or even higher than those usually obtained for species traditionally used for this purpose in Brazil, like those of Pinus and Eucalyptus. It was also observed that the dendrometric parameters of the log can be used to estimate the peeling yield in this species.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da competição intergenotípica em famílias de polinização aberta de Eucalyptus e o seu efeito na eficiência da seleção precoce. Foram realizados dois experimentos, nos quais o volume de madeira foi avaliado em três idades, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso. Dados dos três anos de avaliação (experimento 1, aos 2, 4 e 7 anos; e experimento 2, aos 3, 5 e 7 anos) foram analisados a partir de modelos mistos. Foram estimados: componentes de variância, parâmetros genéticos, ganhos com a seleção, número efetivo, eficiência da seleção precoce, ganho com a seleção por unidade de tempo e coincidência de seleção com e sem uso de covariáveis de competição. O efeito da competição não foi significativo em idades inferiores a três anos, e o ajuste por covariáveis de competição foi desnecessário. A seleção precoce para famílias é eficiente; famílias de hábitos de crescimento tardio são mais vulneráveis à competição, o que prejudica de forma mais pronunciada a sua classificação ao final do ciclo. A seleção precoce mostra-se eficiente de acordo com todos os critérios adotados, e a idade em torno de três anos é a mais recomendada, em razão da alta eficiência e do alto índice de acerto na indicação de árvores e famílias. A adição de covariáveis de competição ao final do ciclo melhora a eficiência da seleção precoce para quase todos os critérios estudados.

The objetive of this work was to evaluate the influence of intergenotypic competition in open-pollinated families of Eucalyptus and its effects on early selection efficiency. Two experiments were carried out, in which the timber volume was evaluated at three ages, in a randomized complete block design. Data from the three years of evaluation (experiment 1, at 2, 4, and 7 years; and experiment 2, at 2, 5, and 7 years) were analyzed using mixed models. The following were estimated: variance components, genetic parameters, selection gains, effective number, early selection efficiency, selection gain per unit time, and coincidence of selection with and without the use of competition covariates. Competition effect was nonsignificant for ages under three years, and adjustment using competition covariates was unnecessary. Early selection for families is effective; families that have a late growth spurt are more vulnerable to competition, which markedly impairs ranking at the end of the cycle. Early selection is efficient according to all adopted criteria, and the age of around three years is the most recommended, given the high efficiency and accuracy rate in the indication of trees and families. The addition of competition covariates at the end of the cycle improves early selection efficiency for almost all studied criteria.