Abstract Introduction Although extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is a promising second-line therapy in the treatment of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), its use is limited by its high cost. This study aims to describe the clinical evolution of patients who underwent ECP therapy for cGVHD and to perform an economic analysis of the therapy Methods This was a case series between 2016 and 2020 describing the clinical response to ECP and a micro-cost analysis of the therapy using time-driven activity-based costing. Results Six patients underwent ECP for corticosteroid-dependent cGVHD The cost per ECP session is 14,960.90 Brazilian reais (BRL), which primarily consists of the ECP kit with an activator (82.78%), followed by the hospital's physical structure (14.66%), human resources (2.48%) and exams/inputs (0.08%). The number of sessions performed ranged from 2 to 42. The total cost of the therapy per patient ranged from BRL 30,000 to 500,000. Conclusion The response of the patient with cGVHD to treatment with ECP was variable. These micro-costing results can be used to develop remuneration and cost control strategies in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation programs, as well as in further economic studies.

Abstract Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease. Auditory evoked potential studies have demonstrated conduction and neural processing deficits in adults with MS, but little is known about the electrophysiological responses in children and adolescents. Objective to evaluate the central auditory pathway with brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) and long-latency auditory evoked potentials (LLAEP) in children and adolescents with MS. Methods The study comprised 17 individuals with MS, of both sexes, aged 9 to 18 years, and 17 healthy volunteers, matched for age and sex. All individuals had normal hearing and no middle ear impairments. They were assessed with click-BAEP and LLAEP through oddball paradigm and tone-burst stimuli. Results Abnormal responses were observed in 60% of electrophysiologic assessments of individuals with MS. In BAEP, 58.82% of MS patients had abnormal responses, with longer wave V latency and therefore longer III-V and I-V interpeak latencies than healthy volunteers. In LLAEP, 52.94% of MS patients had abnormal responses. Although statistical differences were found only in P2-N2 amplitude, MS patients had longer latencies and smaller amplitudes than healthy volunteers in all components. Conclusion Children and adolescents with MS had abnormal BAEP responses, with delayed neural conduction between the cochlear nucleus and the lateral lemniscus. Also, abnormal LLAEP results suggest a decrease in neural processing speed and auditory sensory discrimination response.

Resumo Antecedentes A esclerose múltipla (EM) é uma doença inflamatória desmielinizante. Estudos com potenciais evocados auditivos têm demonstrado déficits de condução e processamento neural em adultos com EM, mas pouco se sabe sobre as respostas electrofisiológicas em crianças e adolescentes. Objetivo avaliar a via auditiva central por meio dos potenciais evocados auditivos de tronco encefálico (PEATE) e dos potenciais evocados auditivos de longa latência (PEALL) em crianças e adolescentes com EM. Métodos Foram avaliados17 indivíduos com EM, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 9 e 18 anos, e 17 voluntários saudáveis, pareados por sexo e idade. Todos os indivíduos tinham audição normal sem alterações de orelha média. Os indivíduos foram avaliados por meio do PEATE com estímulo clique e do PEALL com paradigma de oddball e estímulo tone-burst. Resultados Foram observadas alteração em 60% das avaliações dos indivíduos com EM. No PEATE, 58,82% dos pacientes com EM apresentaram alteração, com aumento da latência da onda V, e interpicos III-V e I-V aumentados em comparação aos voluntários saudáveis. No PEALL, 52,94% dos pacientes com EM apresentaram alteração. Embora diferenças estatísticas foram observadas apenas na amplitude P2-N2, os pacientes com EM apresentaram latências prolongadas e amplitudes menores em comparação aos voluntários saudáveis para todos os componentes. Conclusão Crianças e adolescentes com EM apresentaram alteração das respostas do PEATE, com atraso de condução neural entre o núcleo coclear e o lemnisco lateral. Além disso, os resultados alterados do PEALL sugeriram uma diminuição na velocidade de processamento neural e de discriminação sensorial da audição.

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship of OM with possible risk factors such as oral health condition, immunological status and IL-1β profile in patients submitted to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Fifty-four individuals submitted to HSCT were included. All patients received previous dental treatment and photobiomodulation (PBM) as the institutional OM preventive protocol. OM scores, immune status, and IL-1β levels were determined during the conditioning period and at D+3 and D+8 after HSC infusion. IL-1β gene polymorphism was also analyzed during conditioning. Possible associations of OM with risk factors were analyzed using conditional Fisher's exact test. OM was observed in 34 patients (62.9%) classified as Grade 1 (13 patients/24.1%), Grade 2 (14 patients/25.9%), Grade 3 (3 patients/5.5%), and Grade 4 (4 patients/7.4%). Allogeneic HSCT individuals exhibited a higher OM grade than autologous subjects. Moreover, an association was observed between severe OM and severe gingivitis (p = 0.01), neutropenia (p = 0.03), and leukopenia (p = 0.04). A significant association between OM and lower IL-1β levels was detected at three time points, i.e., conditioning (p = 0.048), D+3 (p = 0.01), and D+8 (p = 0.005). The results showed that IL-1β gene polymorphism was not associated with OM. Our study provided important insights into the scope of OM risk factors in the setting of HSCT. Patients submitted to HSCT with severe gingivitis prior to chemotherapy and with severe neutropenia and leukopenia exhibited a higher OM grade. Further investigation will be necessary to better understand the exact role of IL-1β in the context of OM pathobiology and to validate cytokine analysis in larger cohorts.

Abstract Short-chain carbohydrates and sugar alcohols are poorly absorbed in the small intestine and rapidly fermented by bacteria. Fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) content of a wide range of foods has been measured. However, the list of foods allowed, as well as the quantities of FODMAP each food differ between studies, making the management of the low FODMAP diet difficult. The aim of this research was to propose a FODMAP diet guide culturally adapted to different Hispanic countries for dietitians-nutritionists and nutrition experts, to facilitate the management of patients who benefit from this diet. A consortium of FODMAP diet experts was created among Spanish-speaking countries. Dieticians from 11 Latin American countries (Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela) and Spain elaborated a low FODMAP diet adjusted each to the gastronomic culture of their own country. They also created a list of foods to be reintroduced in phase 2 (or reintroduction phase) of the FODMAP diet, along with typical recipes from the country. Twelve low FODMAP diets with their corresponding reintroduction phase were designed, each adapted to the commonly consumed foods and recipes of each country. The adaptation of the diet to local gastronomy is pertinent, as it may increase the likelihood of durable adherence and better response to symptomatology. There are limitations in developing tables of FODMAP-rich and FODMAP-poor foods. The cut-off levels of FODMAP content are not clearly defined. More studies are needed to reach a unified consensus, as inconsistency in the data provided between studies has been found in relation to the FODMAP diet.

Resumen Los carbohidratos de cadena corta y los alcoholes de azúcar se absorben mal en el intestino delgado y las bacterias los fermentan rápidamente. Se ha medido el contenido de oligo, di, monosacáridos y polioles fermentables (FODMAP) de una amplia gama de alimentos. Sin embargo, la lista de alimentos permitidos, así como las cantidades de FODMAP de cada alimento, difieren entre estudios, lo que dificulta el manejo de la dieta baja en FODMAP. El objetivo de esta investigación fue proponer una guía dietética FODMAP adaptada culturalmente a diferentes países hispanos para facilitar a dietistas-nutricionistas y expertos en nutrición el manejo de los pacientes que se benefician de la dieta baja en FODMAP. Se creó un consorcio de expertos en dieta FODMAP entre países de habla hispana. Dietistas de 11 países latinoamericanos (Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Panamá, Perú, Uruguay y Venezuela) y España elaboraron una dieta baja en FODMAP ajustada cada una a la cultura gastronómica del país. También crearon una lista de alimentos para ser reintroducidos en la fase 2 (o fase de reintroducción) de la dieta FODMAP, junto con recetas típicas del país. Se diseñaron doce dietas bajas en FODMAP con su correspondiente fase de reintroducción, cada una adaptada a los alimentos y recetas de consumo común de cada país. La adaptación de la dieta a la gastronomía local fue pertinente, ya que puede aumentar la adherencia a la dieta y una mejor respuesta a la sintomatología. Existen limitaciones en el desarrollo de tablas de alimentos ricos y pobres en FODMAP. Los niveles de corte del contenido de FODMAP no están claramente definidos. Se necesitan más estudios para alcanzar un consenso unificado, ya que se ha encontrado inconsistencia en los datos proporcionados en estudios relacionados con la dieta FODMAP.

Resumo Introdução A contratação de pessoas com deficiência pelo mercado formal de trabalho é obrigatória no Brasil por meio de cotas legais estabelecidas a empresas públicas e privadas. No entanto, vários fatores dificultam a inserção profissional dessas pessoas. Objetivo Analisar e descrever as características das vagas de emprego oferecidas para pessoas com deficiência durante o período de um ano. Método Estudo descritivo que analisou as características das vagas ofertadas em agências de emprego e mídias de comunicação em massa, no período de 2014 a 2015, para pessoas com deficiência na Microrregião de Uberaba, na Macrorregião Triângulo Sul/MG, Brasil. Resultados Foram identificadas 87 vagas. A maioria não disponibilizava informações importantes, como sexo, faixa etária, escolaridade ou requisitos específicos, como experiência prévia. A maioria também não informava sobre a empresa, o ramo da economia e o cargo ou função a ser desempenhado. Conclusão A maioria dos anúncios de emprego tinham restrições nos dados disponíveis, dificultando o acesso à informação sobre as vagas. Houve predomínio de vagas caracterizadas como ocupações com menor exigência de escolaridade e qualificação técnico-profissional e com baixa remuneração.

Abstract Introduction Hiring people with disabilities in the labor market is mandatory in Brazil through legal quotas established for public and private companies. However, several factors hamper the professional insertion of this people. Objective To analyze and describe the characteristics of the job vacancies offered to people with disabilities, during the period of one year. Method A descriptive study that analyzed the characteristics of vacancies offered in employment agencies and mass communication media, from the years 2014 to 2015, for people with disabilities in the Uberaba Microregion, located in the Triângulo Sul Macroregion/ MG, Brazil. Results Only 87 openings were identified. The majority did not provide important information such as gender, age, education or requirements such as prior experience. The majority also did not report about the company, the branch of the economy and the job or function. Conclusion Most work ads had restricted information about the job requirements. There was a predominance of vacancies characterized as occupations with poorer requirements on schooling, technical and professional qualification and with low remuneration.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Brazil’s southernmost state, Rio Grande do Sul (RGS), was considered schistosomiasis-free until 1998 when a low endemic focus was identified in Esteio, a city located next to the capital of RGS. In the last two decades, the control interventions applied in the region have been apparently successful, and the absence of new cases indicated the possibility of interrupted schistosomiasis transmission. The objective of this study was to update the clinical and epidemiological data of schistosomiasis in Esteio. METHODS: We reviewed all 28 individuals diagnosed with the infection since 1997 and a survey was applied to a group of 29 school-aged children residing in Vila Pedreira, one of the most affected neighborhoods. RESULTS No eggs were detected in fecal samples using the Helmintex method, and all samples were negative for serum antibodies on examination by the western blot technique using the Schistosoma mansoni microsomal antigen (MAMA- WB). In contrast, 23 individuals (79%) tested positive for the cathodic circulating antigen with the point-of-care immunochromatographic test (POC-CCA) on urine samples. Of the 28 formerly infected individuals, only eight were located, of which four tested positive, and four tested negative for serum antibodies using the MAMA-WB technique. CONCLUSIONS: Current adverse conditions for S. mansoni transmission in Esteio and the absence of a confirmed diagnosis suggests that there is (i) a lack of specificity of the POC-CCA test in low endemic settings, and (ii) a high probability that interruption of schistosomiasis has been achieved in Esteio.

Resumo Foi avaliada a prevalência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii em amostras de soro, coletadas de gatos domésticos, em Belém, Pará, Brasil. Também correlacionou-se a presença de anticorpos contra T. gondii com variáveis ambientais e hábitos de proprietários. Quatrocentas e quarenta e sete amostras de soro de gatos domésticos foram analisadas. Os soros foram testados por ensaio de imunofluorescência indireta, e as amostras de fezes foram analisadas por meio de reação em cadeia da polimerase. Entre os animais analisados, 21,92% (98/447) foram soropositivos. Foi encontrada associação estatística significante em relação à idade e à sorologia entre os animais acima de 1 ano (p <0,01): no grupo de até 1 ano, 12,82% (20/156) dos animais positivos e, no grupo acima de 1 ano, 26,80% (78/291) positivos. Os resultados mostram que os gatos daquela região possuem anticorpos anti-T. gondii, e seus donos não estão cientes da toxoplasmose ou de como evitar sua transmissão.

Abstract We evaluated the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in the serum samples collected from domestic cats in Belém, Pará, Brazil. We also correlated the presence of T. gondii antibodies with environmental variables and cat-owner habits. Four-hundred and forty-seven serum samples from domestic cats were analyzed. The sera were tested using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Among the animals analyzed, 21.92% (98/447) were seropositive. A statistically significant association was found in relation to age and serology among the animals over 1 year old (p<0.01): in the group up to 1 year old, 12.82% (20/156) of the animals were positive, and in the group over 1 year old, 26.80% (78/291) were positive. Our results show that the cats in Belém, Pará region have anti-T. gondii antibodies, and their owners are not aware of toxoplasmosis or how to prevent its transmission.

Abstract Introduction: during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) some factors may impact on the patient's nutritional status (NS). Conditioning regimen, as well as signs and symptoms of the gastrointestinal tract, can negatively influence on oral food intake. Patients may require the use of complementary nutritional therapies aiming at an adequate caloric intake with the objective of avoiding decreasing in NS. Objective: the study aims to describe the nutritional aspects relevant to the maintenance of NS during hospitalization of children and adolescents undergoing HSCT at a tertiary hospital. Method: a retrospective study with a review of medical records of patients undergoing HSCT, aged between 0 and 19 years of age (incomplete) between January 2009 and December 2014. Data were collected regarding food intake, nutritional therapies used, and clinical signs and symptoms in six times: hospitalization, D0 (day of cell infusion), D+7, D+14, D+21 and D+28. Results: sixty-three patients were evaluated, being 56% males, with a median age of ten years. At the time of hospitalization, 100% of patients had their energy needs met by mouth, decreasing from D0 (about 30%), with more prevalent use of parental nutritional and enteral nutrition from D+7. Loss of appetite, mucositis and nausea were the most frequent signs and symptoms. From D+21 it was possible to observe an increase in caloric intake by mouth. Conclusion: patients showed decreased food intake throughout hospitalization. However, it has been shown that the prescription of complementary nutritional therapies has reduced the impact of weight loss.

Resumen Introducción: durante el trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas (TCMH) algunos factores pueden influir en el estado nutricional (EN) del paciente. El régimen de acondicionamiento, así como los signos y síntomas del tracto gastrointestinal, pueden influir negativamente en la ingesta oral de alimentos. Los pacientes pueden requerir el uso de terapias nutricionales complementarias dirigidas a una ingesta calórica adecuada con el objetivo de evitar el deterioro del EN. Objetivo: el estudio tiene como objetivo describir los aspectos nutricionales relevantes para el mantenimiento del EN durante la hospitalización de niños y adolescentes sometidos al TCMH en un hospital terciario. Método: un estudio retrospectivo con una revisión de los registros médicos de los pacientes sometidos al TCMH, con edades comprendidas entre 0 y 19 años (incompletos) entre enero de 2009 y diciembre de 2014. Se recopilaron datos sobre la ingesta de alimentos, las terapias nutricionales utilizadas y los signos y síntomas clínicos en seis tiempos: hospitalización, D0 (día de infusión celular), D+7, D+14, D+21 y D+28. Resultados: se evaluaron sesenta y tres pacientes, siendo 56% del sexo masculino, con una edad media de diez años. En el momento de la hospitalización 100% de los pacientes cubrían sus necesidades energéticas con la alimentación oral, disminuyendo en el D0 (alrededor del 30%), con un uso más prevalente de nutrición enteral y parenteral en el D+7. La inapetencia, mucositis y náuseas fueron los signos y síntomas más frecuentes. Desde el D+21 fue posible observar un aumento en la ingesta calórica por vía oral. Conclusión: los pacientes mostraron una disminución en la ingesta de alimentos durante la hospitalización. Sin embargo, se ha demostrado que la prescripción de terapias nutricionales complementarias ha reducido el impacto de la pérdida de peso.

ABSTRACT Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a curative treatment for many patients with hematological disorders. Donor–recipient genetic disparity, especially involving the human leukocyte antigen system is a critical factor for transplant outcome. Objective: To evaluate retrospectively donor characteristics and correlations with the occurrence of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease, disease-free survival and overall survival in a Brazilian population submitted to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation between 1994 and 2012 in a single center. Results: Three hundred and forty-seven consecutive transplantations were included. Related transplants (81.2%) were significantly more common than unrelated transplants (18.7%); donor and recipient median ages were 34 (range: 1–61) and 33 (range: 3–65) years respectively with donor HLAs being matched for 333 (95.9%) patients. Donor gender, cytomegalovirus status and ABO incompatibility did not influence the five-year overall survival. In univariate analyses, overall survival was negatively influenced by the presence of acute graft-versus-host disease (33% vs. 47%, respectively; p-value = 0.04), unrelated transplant (41.5% vs. 50.9%, respectively; p-value = 0.045) and donors aged over 40 years (41% vs. 52%, respectively; p-value = 0.03). Older donors were associated with a higher rate of acute (52% vs. 65.8%; p-value = 0.03) and chronic graft-versus-host disease (60% vs. 43%, respectively; p-value = 0.015). In multivariate analyses, acute graft-versus-host disease [relative risk (RR): 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1–29; p-value = 0.008] and older donors (RR: 1.6; 95% CI 1.11–2.24; p-value = 0.013) were associated with higher transplant-related mortality. Conclusions: In transplant patients, to have a donor older than 40 years of age seems to significantly increase the incidence of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease and transplant-related mortality with no impact on disease-free survival and overall survival. In spite of the rather small cohort of patients, these findings are similar to what is described in the literature suggesting that a younger donor should be chosen whenever possible.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever o processo de construção e evidências de validade de conteúdo de um programa de intervenção precoce-preventiva para estimular as FE em crianças do Ensino Fundamental no ambiente escolar. Métodos: O processo seguiu as etapas recomendadas para construção de instrumentos neuropsicológicos, são elas: fase interna de organização do programa, com pesquisa bibliográfica e análise dos materiais disponíveis em sala de aula; construção do programa; análise de juízes especialistas; integração dos dados e finalização do programa. Para determinar o nível de concordância entre os juízes, foi calculado o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo. Resultados: Verificou-se concordância entre os especialistas tanto para o programa de forma geral, bem como em cada atividade, o que permitiu obter evidências de validade de conteúdo. Considera-se que todas as etapas foram essenciais e necessárias, pois contribuíram para identificar os pontos positivos e as possíveis falhas, assim como adequar os estímulos e aprimorar as tarefas e atividades do programa. Conclusão: Ao descrever os procedimentos metodológicos adotados nesse estudo, entende-se que outros também podem se basear para construir ou adaptar programas de estimulação e reabilitação neuropsicológica. Além disso, possibilita ao leitor uma compreensão detalhada de todo cuidado e rigor teórico e científico adotado na elaboração desse programa.

ABSTRACT Objective: The goal of this study was to describe the construction process and content validity evidence of an early and preventive intervention program for stimulating executive functions (EF) in Elementary School children within the school environment. Methods: The process has followed the recommended steps for creating neuropsychological instruments: internal phase of program organization, with literature search and analyses of available materials in the classroom; program construction; analysis by expert judges; data integration and program finalization. To determine the level of agreement among the judges, a Content Validity Index (CVI) was calculated. Results: Content validity was evidenced by the agreement among the experts with regards to the program, both in general and for each activity. All steps taken were deemed necessary because they contributed to the identification of positive aspects and possible flaws in the process Conclusion: The steps also helped to adapt stimuli and improve program tasks and activities. Methodological procedures implemented in this study can be adopted by other researchers to create or adapt neuropsychological stimulation and rehabilitation programs. Furthermore, the methodological approach allows the reader to understand, in detail, the technical and scientific rigor adopted in devising this program.

Abstract Objective . To Show that postoperative complications are more frequent in patients who remain longer with BIS low (< 40) during the transanestesic period, than in those where it has less depth. Material and methods. A prior approval through informed consent for anesthetic procedure was preanesthetic assessment including test mental confusion and minimental prior to the surgical event and 24 hours later to the same. Patients ASA II and III were included. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the duration of the anesthetic depth (BIS low for less than 30 minutes and BIS low for 30 minutes or more). An observation and a report of the levels of anesthetic depth measurement with BIS without maneuvers which alter the same. Was made in 41 patients were included. During the procedure a monitoring of the brain activity with BIS from the entry of the patient and every 5 minutes taking record of those values, was made. Results. The Group of subjects with BIS low for more than 30 minutes presented a higher incidence of complications that subjects with BIS low for less than 30 minutes, (77.8% vs. 21.7%, respectively). Conclusions. Undoubtedly the cumulative deep anesthesia affects negatively patients who have risk factors, being clear that the longer and the deeper, the risk of complications increase.

Resumen Objetivo. Demostrar que las complicaciones postoperatorias son más frecuentes en los pacientes que permanecen mayor tiempo con BIS bajo (<40) durante el periodo transanestésico, que en aquellos en los que se tiene menor profundidad. Material y métodos. Previa aprobación mediante el consentimiento informado para procedimiento anestésico se realizó valoración preanestésica con inclusión de test de confusión mental y minimental previo al evento quirúrgico y a las 24 horas posterior al mismo. Se incluyeron pacientes ASA II y III. Los sujetos fueron divididos en dos grupos en función a la duración de la profundidad anestésica (BIS bajo por menos de 30 minutos y en BIS bajo por 30 minutos o más). Se realizó observación y reporte de los niveles de profundidad anestésica medida con BIS sin maniobras que alteren a la misma. Se incluyeron 41 pacientes. Durante el procedimiento se realizó monitoreo de actividad cerebral con BIS desde el ingreso del paciente y cada 5 minutos llevando registro de esos valores. Resultados. El grupo de pacientes con BIS bajo por más de 30 minutos presentó una mayor incidencia de complicaciones que los sujetos con BIS bajo por menos de 30 minutos, (77.8% vs. 21.7%, respectivamente). Conclusiones. Sin lugar a dudas la anestesia profunda acumulativa parece repercutir de manera negativa en pacientes que presentan factores de riesgo, quedando claro que a mayor tiempo y mayor profundidad, el riesgo de complicaciones se incrementa.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the steadiness of broilers during the stance phase of locomotion, and the primary disorders of the locomotor system and gait. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial arrangement (2 × 2 + 32), indicating two sexes and two genetic commercial strains, with five replications of 53 broilers each, and 32 (16 males and 16 females) indigenous chickens. Gait score and valgus and varus condition were assessed. Pictures of the birds were taken and evaluated. The broiler body was considered a spherical shape, and the centroid was calculated. From the geometric center of the body, a line was drawn perpendicularly to the sphere radius that formed an angle (ANG) with the other vertical line drawn from the centroid to the ground. The angle projected onto the ground was analyzed, and the body steadiness (EC) was estimated. At the 42nd day of growth, broilers were weighed to assess the body weight, the breast weight after slaughter, and the percentage of the breast (PB). Femoral degeneration, tibial dyschondroplasia, spondylolisthesis, and footpad dermatitis were evaluated. Fast-growing broilers presented a high prevalence of locomotor issues. The PB was not affected by sex or genetic strain. Males showed better ANG than the females, regardless of the genetic strain. More balanced EC was found in commercial broilers when compared with the indigenous chicken that stood slightly towards the back during the stance phase. A medium (in males) to high (in females) association between EC and ANG was found amongst broilers from the commercial strains in both males and females. The broilers from commercial strains presented more locomotor issues than the indigenous chicken. Commercial broiler strains show less locomotor soundness than indigenous chickens.

RESUMO Dois experimentos foram conduzidos para investigar como o peso corporal de codornas japonesa ao final do período de recria pode alterar os parâmetros de desempenho durante a fase de postura. Nos dois experimentos as aves foram distribuídas em cinco tratamentos em função do peso corporal, estes foram obtidos aos 42 e aos 35 dias de idade, para o primeiro e segundo experimento respectivamente. Para ambos os experimentos foram consideradas as classes: muito leves, leves, peso médio, pesadas e muito pesadas. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com oito repetições por tratamento para o primeiro experimento e seis repetições por tratamento para o segundo experimento, ambos com 18 aves por repetição. No primeiro experimento, foram avaliados a maturidade sexual, a porcentagem de postura, a porcentagem de ovos comercializados, o peso médio dos ovos e massa de ovos. No segundo experimento foram avaliados o consumo de ração, o peso corporal final, os ovos por ave presente, a porcentagem de postura, o peso médio dos ovos, massa de ovos e a conversão alimentar. Os resultados mostram que codornas com peso corporal inferior a 140 gramas aos 42 dias de vida, ou inferior a 120 gramas aos 35 dias de vida, pioram significativamente os resultados produtivos durante o período de postura.

ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted at different times with the objective of investigating how the body weight of Japanese quails at the end of the rearing period may alter the performance during the laying phase. In both experiments, the birds were distributed in five treatments according to their body weights, which were obtained at 42 and 35 days of age for the first and second experiments respectively, and the following categories were considered for said experiments: very light, light, average, heavy and very heavy. For both experiments, the treatments were distributed in a randomized block design, at eight repetitions per treatment for the first one and six for the second one, both at 18 birds per repetition. During the first experiment, sexual maturity, laying percentage, marketable egg percentage, average egg weight and egg mass, in second experiment, feed consumption, final body weight, eggs per bird present, laying percentage, average egg weight, egg mass and alimentary conversion were evaluated. The results obtained show that Japanese quails whose body weight is lower than 140 grams at 42 days of age, or lower than 120 grams at 35 days of age show significantly worse productive results during the laying phase.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da debicagem, por meio de lâmina quente ou por radiação infravermelha, sobre os indicadores produtivos e de qualidade de ovos, em três linhagens de galinhas poedeiras na primeira semana de vida, e se uma segunda debicagem seria necessária na décima semana de idade. As aves foram distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2x3x2 (primeira debicagem por meio de radiação infravermelha ou por lâmina quente x linhagens Lohmann LSL, Hy-line W-36 e Lohmann Brown x com ou sem debicagem à décima semana de idade), no total de doze tratamentos, com seis repetições. A debicagem por radiação infravermelha, na primeira semana de vida, proporciona os mesmos resultados produtivos e de qualidade dos ovos que o método convencional por lâmina quente. Não houve mortes por canibalismo em aves das três linhagens que não foram submetidas à segunda debicagem, mas se observou decréscimo de 8% da viabilidade, em aves à 63.a semana de idade.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of beak trimming, by hot blade or infrared radiation, on the production indicators and egg quality of three laying hen strains in the first week of life, and whether a second beak trimming would be necessary in the tenth week. Birds were distributed in a completely randomized design with 2x3x2 factorial arrangement (first beak trimming by means of infrared radiation or hot blade x the strains Lohmann LSL, Hy-line W-36, and Lohmann Brown x with or without beak trimming at the tenth week of age), totaling twelve treatments with six replicates. Beak trimming by infrared radiation, in the first week of life, provides the same production results and egg quality as the conventional method by hot blade. There were no deaths from cannibalism for birds of the three strains that were not subjected to the second beak trimming; however, a decrease of 8% viability was observed in birds at the 63th week of age.

O processo de armazenamento de bebidas destiladas em barris de madeira é uma prática que visa à melhoria das características sensoriais da bebida, tais como cor, aroma e sabor. A qualidade da bebida destilada armazenada nesses barris depende de características da madeira como densidade, permeabilidade, composição química e anatomia, além do tipo de tratamento térmico dado à madeira durante a confecção dos barris. O Brasil possui uma grande diversidade florestal, principalmente no norte do país, na Amazônia. Essa região abriga milhares de espécies de árvores, porém, limita-se à utilização de pouco mais de duas espécies nativas e outras exóticas para o armazenamento de bebidas. Assim, objetivou-se, neste trabalho, determinar algumas das características físicas e químicas das madeiras de quatro espécies florestais da Região Amazônica. Os resultados obtidos para as espécies arbóreas aqui estudadas serão comparados com os de madeiras já utilizadas para o armazenamento de bebidas destiladas. As espécies estudadas foram angelim-pedra (Hymenolobium petraeum Ducke), cumarurana (Dipteryx polyphylla (Huber) Ducke), jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril L.) e louro-vermelho (Nectandra rubra (Mez) C.K. Allen). As árvores foram coletadas em área de manejo florestal da Empresa Precious Woods Amazon, em Silves, Amazonas. Dentre as análises realizadas foram determinados: teores de extrativos totais, quantidade de lignina, porcentagem de minerais (cinzas) e teores de taninos, além de densidade básica, análise elementar (CHNS-O) e análise térmica. Observou-se que a composição química estrutural (teores de lignina, holocelulose) e elementar (porcentagem de C, H, N e O) das madeiras possuem diferenças significativas. A madeira do jatobá possui maior teor de taninos e, na análise térmica, foi a madeira com menor perda de massa.

The process of storing liquor in wooden barrels is a practice that aims to improve the sensory characteristics, such as color, aroma and flavor, of the beverage. The quality of the liquor stored in these barrels depends on wood characteristics such as density, permeability, chemical composition, anatomy, besides the wood heat treatment used to fabricate the barrels. Brazil has a great diversity of forests, mainly in the north, in the Amazon. This region is home to thousands of tree species, but is limited to the use of only a few native species to store liquors. The objective of this study was to determine some of the physical and chemical characteristics for four Amazon wood species. The results obtained in this study will be compared with others from woods that are traditionally used for liquor storage. The species studied were angelim-pedra (Hymenolobium petraeum Ducke) cumarurana (Dipteryx polyphylla (Huber) Ducke), jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril L.) and louro-vermelho (Nectandra rubra (Mez) CK Allen). The trees were collected from Precious Woods Amazon Company forest management area, in Silves, Amazonas. Analyzes such as: concentration of extractives, lignin amount, percentage of minerals (ash) and tannin content, density, elemental analysis (CHNS-O) and thermal analysis were done. It was observed that the chemical composition (lignin, holocellulose) and elemental analysis (percentage of C, H, N and O) of the woods have significant differences. The jatobá wood presented higher tannin content, and in the thermal analysis, was that which had the lowest mass loss.