Abstract The genotype x environment interaction is frequently observed in many crops and studies on environmental stratification and genotype adaptability have been proposed to understand it. The aim of this study was to carry out factor analysis in data from multi-environment experiments by the mixed model approach (REML/BLUP). Instead of adjusted phenotypic means, a matrix containing the genotypic effects added to the effects of the genotype x environment interaction (G+GE) was used, predicted via REML/BLUP in joint analysis (designated as R-FGGE). In the study, data from 36 common bean lines evaluated in 15 environments were used. By this proposal, 46.7% of the environments were gathered in two groups, one with four and the other with three environments. The R-FGGE has the same characteristics as the previous proposals, that is, ease of identification of mega-environments and genotypes with broad adaptability, along with the advantages associated with the mixed model methodology.

A seleção clonal é o método de melhoramento preferencialmente usado no melhoramento da batata (Solanum tuberosum L.). Contudo, esse método de seleção somente é eficiente em gerações avançadas e não apresenta bons resultados quando aplicado da geração seedling até a segunda geração clonal. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, verificar a viabilidade da seleção de famílias em gerações precoces e comparar o método de seleção entre e dentro de famílias com a seleção combinada, sob diferentes intensidades de seleção. Seis experimentos foram conduzidos desde a primeira (PGC) até a terceira geração clonal. Na PGC, o delineamento foi DBC com quatro repetições e parcelas de 25 plantas. Nas demais gerações, empregaram-se DBC com três repetições e parcelas de 10 plantas. As variâncias genéticas entre famílias foram menores que dentro de famílias para todas as características, mas as herdabilidades entre famílias foram quase sempre maiores. Os ganhos esperados com a seleção entre e dentro de famílias foram superiores aos ganhos com a seleção combinada, sob qualquer intensidade. A seleção entre famílias deve ter intensidade mais fraca que a seleção entre clones dentro de famílias, sendo ela mais eficiente, quando baseada na média dos ambientes.

Clonal selection is the preferred breeding method used in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). However this selection procedure is only efficient for more advanced generations and shows no good results when applied in the seedling up to the second clonal generation. This study assessed the feasibility of selection in early generations of full-sib potato families and compares the selection method among and within families with the combined selection under different selection intensities. Six experiments were conducted from the first (C1) until the third clonal generation (C3). In C1 a randomized complete block design with four replications of 25 plants was used. In the remaining generations RCB was employed with three replications of 10 plants. Genetic variances were lower between families than within families, for all traits, but the heritabilities between families were almost always larger. The expected gains from selection between and within families were superior to gains from the combined selection in any intensity of selection. The selection of families should have weaker intensity than selection among clones within families. The selection of families was more efficient when based on the average of environments.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi selecionar clones de batata com elevado desempenho agronômico e resistência à pinta preta e aos vírus X e Y. Para tanto, foram realizados 57 cruzamentos entre clones portadores dos alelos Ry adg e Rx1, e a cultivar 'Chiquita', resistente à pinta preta (Alternaria solani). Na safra das águas de 2004, 57 famílias clonais foram avaliadas em campo e 331 clones selecionados considerando a aparência de tubérculos. Desse total de clones, avaliados em mais dois experimentos no verão de 2005, 180 foram selecionados por meio do marcador SCAR RYSC3 como portadores do alelo Ry adg,. Também foram realizadas uma avaliação de desempenho agronômico na safra de inverno de 2006 e uma avaliação de resistência à pinta preta nas safras de verão de 2007 e 2008. Paralelamente, foi utilizado um marcador CAPS visando à seleção de clones portadores do gene Rx1. Dessa forma, combinando os resultados dos marcadores moleculares com os de campo, agrupados via índices de seleção, foi possível selecionar 20 clones de alto desempenho agronômico, resistentes à pinta preta e portadores do alelo Ry adg. Devido a problemas apresentados pelo marcador CAPS, apenas sete destes foram analisados e um identificado como portador do alelo Rx1.

The purpose of this study was to select potato clones with high agronomic performance and resistant to early blight, Potato Virus Y (PVY) and Potato Virus X (PVX). Crossings were done among progenitors carrying the Ry adg and Rx1 alleles for resistance to PVY and PVX and the cultivar 'Chiquita', which presents high levels of resistance to early blight (Alternaria solani). In the rainy season of 2004, 57 clonal families were evaluated in the field and 331 clones were selected based on tuber appearance. These clones were field evaluated in two trials in the rainy season of 2005 and 180 clones were selected for Ry adg allele with the SCAR marker designed RYSC3. Another agronomic evaluation was done in the winter season of 2006 and early blight was evaluated in the rainy seasons of 2007 and 2008. Simultaneously a CAPS marker was used to select for the presence of Rx1 allele. Combining the results from these experiments we were able to select 20 clones presenting high agronomic performance, resistance to early blight and carrying the Ry adg allele. The use of CAPS marker has practical difficulties due to production of poor amplification products to be digested with the DdeI enzyme and should be changed for another marker which shows more efficiency.

Estudos visando à caracterização de híbridos de Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. e porta-enxertos tradicionais foram realizados no sentido de se conhecer o seu comportamento nas condições tropicais do Estado da Bahia. Foram tomadas medidas de altura, diâmetro e peso de frutos, número de sementes por fruto e por quilo, bem como contagem de embriões, taxa de poliembrionia, percentagens de germinação e de vingamento de borbulhas na enxertia, em mais de 34 acessos, a maioria introduzida da Califórnia - EUA. Os dados obtidos estimulam o uso de alguns híbridos de trifoliata, como os das tangerineiras 'Cleópatra' (Citrus reshni hort. ex Tanaka) e 'Sunki' (C. sunki hort. ex Tanaka) com os trifoliatas 'Swingle' e 'English'.

Studies on characterization of trifoliate hybrids and traditional rootstocks were accomplished in order to know their behavior under tropical conditions in the State of Bahia. Measurements of the height, diameter and weight of the fruits were taken, number of seeds per fruit and per kilo were counted, as well as number of embryos, polyembryony and germination rate and grafting in 34 accessions, mostly introduced from California, USA. The obtained data encourage the use of some trifoliate hybrids, as those from crosses between 'Cleopatra' mandarin (C. reshni hort. ex Tanaka) and 'Sunki' mandarin (C. sunki hort. ex Tanaka) with 'Swingle' and 'English' trifoliate.