Resumen Introducción La pandemia ha generado desafíos que impactan en la salud mental de la población, incluidos los estudiantes de posgrado en salud. Objetivo Evaluar los factores asociados a la depresión en estudiantes de posgrado en salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método Se trata de un estudio transversal con estudiantes de posgrado en salud, con una muestra de 117 participantes. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de un formulario en línea, entre septiembre y noviembre de 2021, utilizando cuestionarios semiestructurados con información sociodemográfica e información sobre la salud mental de los participantes, según lo definido por la Escala DSM-5, donde el dominio depresión fue considerado una variable para este estudiar. Las variables se probaron mediante el modelo de regresión múltiple de Poisson con varianza robusta en el análisis bivariado entre las variables dependientes e independientes (IC 95%). Resultados En el análisis bivariado, hubo asociación entre la depresión y no tener pareja, también una baja renta mensual, estudiar maestría o doctorado profesional y tener una relación laboral paralela al posgrado. En cuanto a la salud mental de los participantes, los siguientes factores se asociaron a la depresión: ira, manía, ansiedad, síntomas somáticos, ideación suicida, trastorno mental, memoria, pensamiento repetitivo, disociación, funcionamiento de la personalidad y uso de sustancias (p < .05). En el análisis múltiple se constató que la manía, la ansiedad y la disociación permanecieron estadísticamente asociadas a la depresión (p < .05). Discusión y conclusión Los factores asociados a la depresión en esta población elevan la importancia de las intervenciones de promoción de la salud mental para los estudiantes de posgrado en salud, quienes buscan ayuda tanto a través de los servicios de salud mental como a través de sus universidades.

Abstract Introduction The pandemic has generated challenges which impact the mental health of the population, including postgraduate healthcare students. Objective To evaluate the factors associated with depression in postgraduate healthcare students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method This is a cross-sectional study with postgraduate healthcare students, with a sample of 117 participants. The data were collected through an online form, between September and November 2021, using semi-structured questionnaires with sociodemographic information and information regarding participants’ mental health, as defined by the DSM-5 Scale, where the depression domain was considered a variable for this study. The variables were tested using the Poisson multiple regression model with robust variance in the bivariate analysis between the dependent and independent variables (95% CI). Results In the bivariate analysis, there was an association between depression and not having a partner, also a low monthly income, studying for a master’s or professional doctorate and having an employment relationship parallel to the postgraduate course. Regarding the mental health of the participants, the following factors were associated with depression: anger, mania, anxiety, somatic symptoms, suicidal ideation, mental disorder, memory, repetitive thinking, dissociation, personality functioning, and substance use (p < .05). In the multiple analysis, it was found that mania, anxiety, and dissociation remained statistically associated with depression (p < .05). Discussion and conclusion Factors associated with depression in this population raise the importance of mental health promotion interventions for postgraduate healthcare students, who seek help both through mental health services and through their universities.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the food practices and nutritional status of students who use the University Restaurant at a public university. Methods This is a cross-sectional study carried out with 958 university students. Data related to regular eating practices (≥5 times/week), routine food consumption and nutritional status were collected. The association between University Restaurant attendance and dietary practices and body mass index was reviewed by bivariate logistic regression model and multiple regression. Results Students who attended the University Restaurant three or more times a week were more likely to regularly consume beans (OR: 1.35, p=0.041) and fresh salad (OR: 1.77, p<0.001) and less likely to have afternoon snack (OR: 0.68; p=0.008). In addition, an association between soda consumption and overweight was observed. Conclusion Thus, the importance of strategies that seek to promote incentives for healthy eating and lifestyle practices in the university population become evident.

RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as práticas alimentares e o estado nutricional de estudantes usuários do restaurante-escola em uma universidade pública. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com 958 estudantes universitários. Foram coletados dados relacionados às práticas alimentares regulares (≥5 vezes/semana), à rotina alimentar e ao estado nutricional. A associação entre a frequência de ida ao restaurante-escola, práticas alimentares e índice de massa corporal foi analisada por modelo de regressão logística bivariada e regressão múltipla. Resultados Os estudantes que frequentaram o restaurante-escola 3 ou mais vezes por semana apresentaram maiores chances de consumir regularmente feijão (OR: 1,35, p=0,041) e salada crua (OR: 1,77, p<0,001) e menos chances de realizar o lanche da tarde (OR: 0,68; p=0,008). Além disso, foi observada associação entre o consumo de refrigerante e o excesso de peso. Conclusão Dessa forma, evidencia-se a importância de estratégias que busquem promover incentivos a práticas alimentares e de vida saudáveis na população universitária.

Abstract Peripheral facial paralysis (PFP) has been shown to be a neurological manifestation of COVID-19. The current study presents two cases of PFP after COVID-19, along with a rapid review of known cases in the literature. Both case reports were conducted following CARE guidelines. We also performed a systematic review of PFP cases temporally related to COVID-19 using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases on August 30, 2021, using a rapid review methodology. The two patients experienced PFP 102 and 110 days after COVID-19 symptom onset. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in nasal samples through reverse-transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) testing. Anosmia was the only other neurological manifestation. PFP was treated with steroids in both cases, with complete subsequent recovery. In the rapid review, we identified 764 articles and included 43 studies. From those, 128 patients with PFP were analyzed, of whom 42.1% (54/128) were male, 39.06% (50/128) female, and in 23 cases the gender was not reported. The age range was 18 to 59 (54.68%). The median time between COVID-19 and PFP was three days (ranging from the first symptom of COVID-19 to 40 days after the acute phase of infection). Late PFP associated with COVID-19 presents mild symptoms and improves with time, with no identified predictors. Late PFP should be added to the spectrum of neurological manifestations associated with the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection as a post COVID-19 condition.

O Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) é um estudo de coorte multicêntrico com o objetivo de identificar os fatores de risco associados ao diabetes tipo 2 e à doença cardiovascular na população brasileira. O artigo descreve as estratégias de coleta, processamento, transporte e de controle de qualidade dos exames de sangue e urina no ELSA. O estudo optou pela centralização dos exames em um único laboratório. O processamento das amostras foi realizado nos laboratórios locais, reduzindo o peso do material a ser transportado e diminuindo os custos do transporte para o laboratório central no Hospital da Universidade de São Paulo. O estudo incluiu exames para avaliação de diabetes, resistência à insulina, dislipidemias, alterações eletrolíticas, hormônios tireoidianos, ácido úrico, alterações de enzimas hepáticas, inflamação e hemograma completo. Além desses exames, foram estocados DNA de leucócitos, amostras de urina, plasma e soro. O laboratório central realizou aproximadamente 375.000 exames.

The ELSA (Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto - Brazilian Longitudinal Study for Adult Health) is a multicenter cohort study which aims at the identification of risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in the Brazilian population. The paper describes the strategies for the collection, processing, transportation, and quality control of blood and urine tests in the ELSA. The study decided to centralize the tests at one single laboratory. The processing of the samples was performed at the local laboratories, reducing the weight of the material to be transported, and diminishing the costs of transportation to the central laboratory at the Universidade de São Paulo Hospital. The study included tests for the evaluation of diabetes, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, electrolyte abnormalities, thyroid hormones, uric acid, hepatic enzyme abnormalities, inflammation, and total blood cell count. In addition, leukocyte DNA, urine, plasma and serum samples were stored. The central laboratory performed approximately 375,000 tests.

O Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) é um estudo de coorte multicêntrico com o objetivo de identificar os fatores de risco associados ao diabetes tipo 2 e à doença cardiovascular na população brasileira. O artigo descreve as estratégias de coleta, processamento, transporte e de controle de qualidade dos exames de sangue e urina no ELSA. O estudo optou pela centralização dos exames em um único laboratório. O processamento das amostras foi realizado nos laboratórios locais, reduzindo o peso do material a ser transportado e diminuindo os custos do transporte para o laboratório central no Hospital da Universidade de São Paulo. O estudo incluiu exames para avaliação de diabetes, resistência à insulina, dislipidemias, alterações eletrolíticas, hormônios tireoidianos, ácido úrico, alterações de enzimas hepáticas, inflamação e hemograma completo. Além desses exames, foram estocados DNA de leucócitos, amostras de urina, plasma e soro. O laboratório central realizou aproximadamente 375.000 exames.

The ELSA (Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto - Brazilian Longitudinal Study for Adult Health) is a multicenter cohort study which aims at the identification of risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in the Brazilian population. The paper describes the strategies for the collection, processing, transportation, and quality control of blood and urine tests in the ELSA. The study decided to centralize the tests at one single laboratory. The processing of the samples was performed at the local laboratories, reducing the weight of the material to be transported, and diminishing the costs of transportation to the central laboratory at the Universidade de São Paulo Hospital. The study included tests for the evaluation of diabetes, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, electrolyte abnormalities, thyroid hormones, uric acid, hepatic enzyme abnormalities, inflammation, and total blood cell count. In addition, leukocyte DNA, urine, plasma and serum samples were stored. The central laboratory performed approximately 375,000 tests.

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Os músculos da mastigação, envolvidos na fisiopatologia da dor miofascial mastigatória, também participam da função de deglutição. Diante dos resultados controversos sobre a relação entre disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) e alterações na deglutição, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a presença de alterações na função da deglutição em mulheres com dor miofascial mastigatória. MÉTODO: Três testes de deglutição (um sólido e dois líquidos) foram realizados em 30 mulheres com dor miofascial (grupo de estudo = GE) e 30 mulheres saudáveis (grupo controle = GC). Alterações nos padrões de deglutição como: contração da musculatura periorbicular, contração mentual, movimentos de cabeça, deglutição acompanhada de ruído, engasgos, interposição de lábio inferior, dor após deglutição e deglutição com projeção de língua para anterior foram observadas durante os três testes. Os resultados foram descritos e comparados entre os grupos através dos testes Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher com nível de significância de 0,05 e intervalo de confiança a 95%. RESULTADOS: Participantes do GE apresentaram chance maior de presença de atipias durante um dos testes de deglutição de líquido [teste Qui-quadrado; p < 0,05; OR: 3,29; IC 95% (1,08 - 9,95)]. Entretanto, não houve associação entre a presença de DTM e características atípicas da deglutição avaliadas em todos os testes. CONCLUSÃO: Deglutição inadequada esteve associada com a presença de dor miofascial mastigatória apenas durante a ingestão de líquido. Entretanto, não foi possível associar um tipo específico de atipia à DTM nesta amostra.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Muscles of mastication, involved with the pathophysiology of the masticatory myofascial pain, also participate in the swallowing function. Given the controversial results about the relationship between temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and swallowing abnormalities, this study aimed at checking the presence of swallowing function abnormalities in females with masticatory myofascial pain. METHOD: Three swallowing tests (one solid and two liquid) were performed in 30 females with myofascial pain (study group = SG) and 30 healthy females (control group = CG). Changes in swallowing patterns, such as periorbicular muscles contraction, chin contraction, head movements, swallowing followed by noise, choking, lower lip interposition, pain after swallowing and swallowing with anterior projection of the tongue were observed during the three tests. Results were described and compared between groups by Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests with significance level of 0.05 and confidence interval of 95%. RESULTS: SG participants had a higher chance of atypias during one liquid swallowing test [Chi-square test; p < 0.05; OR: 3.29; CI 95% (1.08 - 9.95)]. However, there has been no association between TMD and atypical swallowing features evaluated in all tests. CONCLUSION: Inadequate swallowing was associated to masticatory myofascial pain only during liquid ingestion. However, it was not possible to associate a specific atypia to TMD in this sample.

Multidrug resistance of cancer cells and pathogenic microorganisms leading to the treatment failure of some forms of cancer or life-threatening bacterial or fungal infections is often caused by the overexpression of multidrug efflux pumps belonging to the ATP-binding cassette transporters superfamily. The multidrug resistance of fungal cells often involves the overexpression of efflux pumps belonging to the pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) family of ABC transporters. Possibly the best-studied fungal PDR transporter is the multidrug resistance transporter Pdr5p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Some research groups have been searching for new inhibitors of these efflux pumps in order to alleviate resistance. Natural products are a great source for the discovery of new compounds with biological activity. Propolis is a complex resinous material collected by honeybees from exudates and buds of certain plant sources and this material is thought to serve as a defense substance for bee hives. Propolis is widely used in traditional medicine and is reported to have a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties. Literature reported some biological functionalities of propolis, such as antibacterial, antiviral, fungicidal, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities. The chemical composition of propolis is qualitatively and quantitatively variable. Components isolated from methanolic extract of red Brazilian propolis (Alagoas, Northeast of Brazil) are isoflavonoids (including pterocarpans, isoflavans, isoflavones), flavanones and polyprenylated benzophenones. In this work we demonstrated the effects of five different isolated compounds on the ATPase activity of Pdr5p. Out of all five substances tested, only BRP-1 was able to completely abolish the enzymatic activity while others worked as positive modulators of the enzyme activity. BRP-1also inhibited the efflux of Rhodamine 6G from yeast cells overexpressing Pdr5p. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Brazilian propolis could be a source of promising compounds that can alleviate the MDR phenomenon, particularly in some fungi, where it could be used as an adjuvant for the treatment with azoles.