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Resumo Insetos galhadores são abundantes na natureza, encontrados em muitos ecossistemas globalmente, com espécies atacando plantas de importância econômica. Os efeitos de herbívoros de alimentação livre na abundância de insetos galhadores em árvores de Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae) no Cerrado brasileiro (Savana) foram estudados. A porcentagem de desfolha e o número de ácaros fitófagos ou de Hemiptera fitófagos correlacionaram-se, negativamente, com a percentagem de folhas galhadas e de adultos do parasitoide Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), respectivamente. Porcentagem de folhas galhadas e o número de Eurytoma sp. adultos e ácaros fitófagos correlacionaram-se, positivamente, com o de aranhas. Os números de ácaros e fitófagos Hemiptera correlacionaram-se, positivamente, com os de joaninhas e Sycophila sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), respectivamente. O número de adultos de Ablerus magistretti Blanchard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) correlacionou-se, negativamente, com Sycophila sp. O número de Agistemus sp. (Acari: Stigmaeidae) correlacionou-se, negativa e positivamente, com os de joaninhas e ácaros fitófagos, respectivamente. Herbívoros de alimentação livre afetaram a presença de insetos galhadores (Hymenoptera) em árvores de C. brasiliense, competindo por alimento e espaço. O mesmo foi observado entre dois parasitoides de Eurytoma sp., o que pode reduzir o controle biológico natural dessa praga.

Abstract Galling insects are abundant in nature, found in many ecosystems globally, with species attacking plants of economic importance. We studied the effects of free-feeding organisms on the abundance of galling insects on Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae) trees in the Brazilian Cerrado (Savanna). Percentage of defoliation and the number of phytophagous mites or number of phytophagous Hemiptera correlated negatively with percentage of galled leaves and the parasitoid Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) adults, respectively. Percentage of galled leaves and the numbers of Eurytoma sp. adults and phytophagous mites correlated positively with spiders. Numbers of mites and Hemiptera phytophagous correlated positively with those of lady beetles and Sycophila sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), respectively. The number of Ablerus magistretti Blanchard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) adults correlated negatively with Sycophila sp. The number of Agistemus sp. (Acari: Stigmaeidae) correlated, negatively and positively, with those of lady beetles and phytophagous mites, respectively. Free-feeding herbivores affected the presence of galling insects (Hymenoptera) on C. brasiliense trees, competing for food and space. The same was observed between two parasitoids of Eurytoma sp. galling insect, which can reduce the natural biological control of this pest.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.257975

Core curriculum in cariology for dentistry degrees in the Republic of Argentina
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Carletto-Kórber, Fabiana PM

; Sorazabal, Ana

; Medici, Silvia

; Ali, Sofía

; Barrionuevo, Alejandra

; Cardozo, Juana

; Cucchi, Analía

; D'Eramo, Luciana

; Escandriolo, Jorge

; Fontanetti, Pablo

; García, Shirley

; Lombardo, Adriana

; Mardenlli, Alejandra

; Masoli, Carla

; Mulbany, Patricia

; Pereira, Lía

; Pérez, Silvia

; Preliasco, Mariana

; Rossi, Glenda

; Squassi, Aldo

; Ulloque, Jorgelina

; Vaculik, Patricia

; Ventrera, Verónica

; Bordoni, Noemí

; Giacaman, Rodrigo A

Acta Odontológica Latinoamericana

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dec 2023, Volume 36 N. 3 Pages 183 - 190

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Aim To prepare a consensus document of the cariology contents and competences included in the curriculum for the dentistry degree at Argentine dental faculties/schools Materials and Method Planning the process in stages: Stage 1- Diagnosis of the situation (Google Form) and invitation to participate extended to the 20 academic units (AU) that offer dentistry degrees. Stage 2- Assessment process of Content (C) and Competences (I) agreements in the five domains: D1 Basic Sciences, D2 Risk and diagnosis of dental caries, D3 Decision-making for non-invasive treatments, D4 Decision-making for invasive treatment, and D5 Evidence-based cariology at community level. Stage 3- Consensus. Stages 2 and 3 were held in Workshop format in virtual mode (W) Results Stage 1- Of the total 20 Google forms sent to the AU, 13 responses were received: 7 from National Universities and 6 from Private Universities. All participants agreed to be part of the consensus. Stage 2- W: 20 representatives from 10 AU participated. It began with a contextualizing conference, after which the representatives were divided into 5 groups to assess the agreements of each D. Stage 3- The Cariology Curriculum document was organized into 5 Domains, and 23 C and 31 I of clinical application were defined for teaching cariology. The contents and competences for each domain were agreed upon. The final document was sent to all W participants for their approval and dissemination in each AU involved Conclusion Cariology contents were defined for dentistry students at Universities in the Argentine Republic.

RESUMEN Objetivo Elaborar un documento de consenso de los contenidos y competencias de cariología en el currículo para las facultades/escuelas de odontología argentinas, a nivel del grado Materiales y Método El proceso de creación se efectuó en etapas: 1- Diagnóstico de situación (Formulario electrónico) e invitación a participar a las 20 unidades académicas (UA) donde se imparte la carrera de odontología. 2- Proceso de valoración de acuerdos de Contenidos (C) y Competencias (I) en los cinco dominios (D): D1: Ciencias Básicas; D2: Riesgo y diagnóstico de caries dental; D3: Toma de decisiones tratamientos no invasivos; D4: Toma de decisiones para el tratamiento invasivo y D5: Cariología basada en la evidencia a nivel comunitario. 3- Etapa de consenso. Las etapas 2 y 3 se efectuaron en formato de Workshop en modalidad virtual (W) Resultados Etapa 1: Del total de 20 formularios enviados a las UA se recibieron 13 respuestas (65%), 7 (53,8%) de Universidades Nacionales y 6 (46,1%) de gestión Privada. El 100% de los participantes estuvieron de acuerdo en formar parte del consenso. Etapa 2: W: Participaron 20 representantes de 10 UA. El proceso se inició con una conferencia contextualizadora, posteriormente los representantes fueron divididos en 5 grupos para la valoración de acuerdos de cada D. Etapa 3: El documento de658. 658.l Currículo en Cariología se organizó en 5 Dominios. Se definieron 23 C y 31 I de aplicación clínica para la enseñanza de la Cariología. Se consensuaron los contenidos y las competencias para cada uno de los dominios. El documento final fue enviado a todos los participantes del W para su aprobación y difusión en cada una de las UA involucradas Conclusión En base al trabajo realizado se determinó un consenso de competencias y contenidos en cariología para estudiantes de grado de Odontología, de las Universidades de la República Argentina.

https://doi.org/10.54589/aol.36/3/183

Benson´s syndrome
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Miura, Gabriel

; Coelho Marra, Deborah D.

; de Queiroz Pereira da Silva, Marcelo

; Duarte, Márcio L.

Medicina (Buenos Aires)

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aug 2023, Volume 83 N. 4 Pages 658 - 658

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Selection of earliness peanut accessions for genetic improvement in a water-restricted environment
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Morais, Marília de M. D.

; Pereira, Rennan F.

; Ramos, Jean P. C.

; Freire, Rosa M. M.

; Silva, Carliane R. C. da

; Silva, Maria de F. C. da

; Santos, Roseane C. dos

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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apr 2023, Volume 27 N. 4 Pages 250 - 255

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A produção de amendoim tem crescido anualmente no Brasil. Com as secas que ocorrem frequentemente em todas as regiões brasileiras, é necessário identificar germoplasma precoce para ser utilizado em trabalhos de melhoramento visando à adaptação ambiental. Aqui, uma mini coleção de amendoim foi estudada com o objetivo de selecionar germoplasma para uso posterior em procedimentos de melhoramento, com foco em ambiente com restrição hídrica. Doze características agronômicas foram adotadas e posteriormente utilizadas em métodos multivariados, baseados em modelos hierárquicos (UPGMA) e dispersão gráfica (variáveis canônicas), visando identificar agrupamentos de acessos precoces. Diferenças estatísticas significativas foram encontradas para a maioria das variáveis, indicando variabilidade genética nos acessos estudados. Com base nas análises multivariadas, verificou-se coerência na formação de três agrupamentos, um deles (G3: PI-268-689 e AHK-85-3) aglomerou os acessos mais promissores para produção de vagens e eficiência reprodutiva, previamente identificados na análise de variância. Portanto, ambos germoplasma são recomendados para uso em trabalhos de melhoramento voltados para o ambiente com restrição hídrica.

ABSTRACT Peanut production is growing annually in Brazil, but with frequent droughts throughout the country, it is necessary to identify an earliness germplasm for the improved environmental adaptation of peanuts. Here, a mini-core collection of peanuts was studied to select germplasms for further use in breeding, with a focus on dry environments. Twelve agronomic traits were adopted and later used in multivariate methods based on hierarchical models (UPGMA) and graphical dispersion (canonical variables), which aimed to identify earliness accession clusters. Statistically significant differences were found for most traits, indicating that there was genetic variability among accessions. Multivariate analyses subsequently revealed coherence in the formation of three clusters, one of which (G3: PI-268-689 and AHK-85-3) combined the most promising accessions for pod production and reproductive efficiency, previously identified through analysis of variance. Therefore, both germplasms are recommended here for use in future breeding studies focused on water-restricted environments.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n4p250-255

Francisco Mendes de Goes: um Agente diplomático entre bordadores e alfaiates na corte de Luís XV
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Gomes, Ana Luiza de Castro Pereira

Tempo

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apr 2023, Volume 29 N. 1 Pages 207 - 228

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract: In 1726 Francisco Mendes de Goes was appointed Agent at the Parisian court by D. João V to perform the function of the king’s orderly, being assigned the mission of manager of orders made by the royal family. In this article, we will use two sets of documents that end up revealing the troubled stay of Mendes de Goes. The letters sent to Cardinal da Mota reveal the difficulties faced in order to respond to the volume of orders coming from the Portuguese monarchy. The other set of documents reveals that members of the Portuguese aristocracy also overloaded the agent with personal orders. In this set of documents, the content of the orders allows us to glimpse aspects of material culture, as well as the sociability relations established by Mendes de Goes. Both reveal new facets of the diplomatic career that, until then, have been little explored in the History of Diplomacy.

Resumo: Em 1726 Francisco Mendes de Goes foi nomeado agente na corte parisiense por dom João V para desempenhar a função de encomendeiro do rei, sendo atribuída a missão de gestor das encomendas feitas pela família real. Utilizaremos, neste artigo, dois conjuntos documentais que acabam por revelar a atribulada estadia de Mendes de Goes. As cartas enviadas ao cardeal da Mota revelam as dificuldades enfrentadas para conseguir responder ao volume de encomendas vindas da monarquia portuguesa. O outro conjunto documental revela que também membros da aristocracia portuguesa sobrecarregaram o agente com encomendas pessoais. Neste conjunto documental o teor das encomendas permite-nos vislumbrar aspetos da cultura material, assim como as relações de sociabilidade estabelecidas por Mendes de Goes. Ambos revelam novas facetas da carreira diplomática que, até então, têm sido pouco exploradas na história da diplomacia.

https://doi.org/10.1590/tem-1980-542x2023v290115

Amazonian Fruit Mari-Mari (Cassia leiandra Benth.): Identification of Flavonoids and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Properties
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Souza, Mayane P. de

; Sá, Ingrity Suelen C.

; Freitas, Flávio Augusto de

; Souza, Afonso D. L. de

; Nunomura, Sergio M.

; Muniz, Magno P.

; Pereira, Ana Paula R.

; Augusto, Bianca O.

; Gomes, Giovana B.

; Perdomo, Renata T.

; Macedo, Maria Lígia R.

; Weber, Simone S.

; Nunomura, Rita de Cassia S.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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mar 2023, Volume 34 N. 3 Pages 325 - 332

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Mari-mari (Cassia leiandra Benth.) is an Amazonian native fruit that is highly appreciated in the northern region of Brazil, but there are few studies regarding its chemical composition and/or biological properties. A phytochemical study was conducted on the extracts of the pulp, peel and seeds; and their antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial potential were also determined. Methanol and acetone extracts from different fruit parts were subjected to total phenolic, 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and FeIII reducing capacity (FRAP) assays. From the peel extracts, the engeletin and astilbin could also be isolated and characterized based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. A quantification using ultra-fast liquid chromatography of acetone dry crude extracts (DCE) of the peel showed that engeletin was the main compound (532.77 mg g-1 DCE). Astilbin content was also determined (131.53 mg g-1 DCE). The antibacterial and antiproliferative activities were evaluated and the methanol extract of the peel showed higher growth inhibition activity against all tested bacteria. Engeletin showed a relevant antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli. Acetone and methanol peel extracts exhibited a relevant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7), with no toxicity to the normal cell line (NIH/3T3).

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220111

Green Synthesis of Cellulose-Based Biofilms Doped with AgNPs with Antibacterial Activity
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Pereira, Arthur B. D.

; Silva, Rafael R. A.

; Marques, Clara S.

; Nascimento, Mayra Aparecida

; Soares, Nilda de Fatima F.

; Lopes, Renata P.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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mar 2023, Volume 34 N. 3 Pages 366 - 376

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

In this work, cellulose-based composite biofilms doped with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been produced by eco-friendly process. The AgNPs were synthesized from Ilex paraguariensis with an average size of 45 nm, a characteristic plasmon band at 450 nm and zeta potential of -23 mV. The biofilm has been synthesized by casting method, using different volumes of AgNPs suspension with glycerol plasticizing agent (T6-T10) or not (T1-T5). The AgNPs were successfully incorporated into the biofilms, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical and optical structural and the antimicrobial properties of the biofilms have been determined. In the presence of AgNPs, the mechanical properties, thermal stability and water vapor barrier of the biofilms have not been altered. However, the addition of glycerol decreased the tensile strength and the modulus of elasticity, in addition to increasing the elongation of the biofilms and the water vapor barrier. The biofilm T10 showed a transmittance of ca. 10%, with high potential to be used as a UV light blocker. Finally, the biofilms doped with AgNPs showed activity against the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. Given the above, this work presented a new biofilm with activity against the bacterium Pseudomonus fluorescens obtained by eco-friendly process.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220114

Low-Temperature Partitioning: A Simple Screening Method for Determining Diethylene Glycol in Beer by Gas Chromatography
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Azevedo, Mariane M.

; Miranda, Liany D. L.

; Queiroz, Maria Eliana L. R. de

; Oliveira, André F. de

; Pereira, Alexandre F.

; Neves, Antônio A.

; Silva, Thaís L. R.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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mar 2023, Volume 34 N. 3 Pages 452 - 460

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Diethylene glycol is an extremely toxic substance to humans. Recently, cases of beer contamination in Brazil have raised awareness of the need for developing simple screening methods to evaluate this type of compound. This research developed a liquid-liquid extraction with low-temperature partitioning technique to determine diethylene glycol in beer via gas chromatography. Employing a flame-ionization detector simplifies the method, lowers its cost and therefore, it can be used as screening step to assess the possibility of contamination. A gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer would be used only for a confirmatory analysis. The optimized method was validated for the main figures of merit, and it proved to be adequate, with good values of recovery rate (94-106%), limit of detection (3.0 mg L-1), and quantification (10.0 mg L-1). Accuracy, in terms of repeatability and intermediate accuracy, showed variation coefficients lower than or equal to 20%. This method was applied to 28 samples of beers marketed in Brazil, and diethylene glycol was found above the limit of detection in three of them (10.7%). These results were confirmed by a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer, which showed the reliability of the screening method for determining diethylene glycol in beer samples.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220123

Use of hydrogen peroxide in acclimatization of melon to salinity of irrigation water
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Pereira, Francisco H. F.

; Santos, Gisele L. dos

; Lacerda, Francisco H. D. de

; Sousa, Diogenes D. A. de

; Sousa, Valéria F. de O.

; Fernandes, Joyce E. de M.

; Silva, Silvana F. da

; Barboza, Jonathan B.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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jan 2023, Volume 27 N. 1 Pages 51 - 56

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO No semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro as condições edafoclimáticas podem favorecer riscos de salinização do solo, principalmente quando se utiliza água de má qualidade para irrigação. Nesse contexto, técnicas que possibilitem melhorias nos rendimentos da cultura do melão em condições adversas, como a salinidade, são, portanto, de grande relevância para o setor produtivo. Logo, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) na aclimatação do meloeiro submetido a diferentes níveis salinos na água de irrigação. Os tratamentos consistiram de duas condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação (0,3 e 5,0 dS m-1) e quatro concentrações de H2O2 (0, 5, 10 e 15 µmol L-1). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 × 4, com quatro repetições e quatro plantas por parcela. O aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação reduz o crescimento, as trocas gasosas e a produção do meloeiro. No entanto, o H2O2, na concentração de 6,35 µmol L-1 proporcionou melhorias na fisiologia, crescimento e produção, além de reduzir os efeitos deletérios do estresse salino na produção de melão.

ABSTRACT In the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil, soil and climate conditions can increase the risk of soil salinization, particularly when poor-quality water is used for irrigation. Therefore, techniques that improve the yields of melon culture under adverse conditions, such as salinity, are of great relevance to the production sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in acclimatizing melon trees subjected to irrigation water with different salinity levels. The treatments consisted of irrigation water with two electrical conductivities (0.3 and 5.0 dS m-1) and four concentrations of H2O2 (0, 5, 10, and 15 µmol L-1). The experimental design used was randomized blocks, arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme, with four replicates and four plants per plot. Increase in salinity of irrigation water reduced the growth, gas exchange, and production of melon plants. However, H2O2, at a concentration of 6.35 µmol L-1, yielded improvements in physiology, growth, and production, in addition to reducing the deleterious effects of saline stress on melon production.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n1p51-56

10.

Economic performance of off-grid photovoltaic systems for irrigation
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Bruning, Jhosefe

; Robaina, Adroaldo D.

; Peiter, Marcia X.

; Chaiben Neto, Miguel

; Rodrigues, Silvana A.

; Ferreira, Laura D.

; Pereira, Tonismar dos S.

; Kayser, Luiz P.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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jan 2023, Volume 27 N. 1 Pages 57 - 63

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO As energias renováveis são alternativas para substituição dos combustíveis fósseis sendo crucial para a sustentabilidade do setor agrícola, e importante alternativa para o bombeamento de água na irrigação. Assim, a compreensão das receitas e despesas são fundamentais na viabilidade econômica. Com isso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o comportamento dos indicadores econômicos em sistema de energia solar off-grid para irrigação com base em diferentes cenários. Foram desenvolvidos projetos fotovoltaicos para diferentes potências de irrigação variando de 0,736 até 22,1 kW, e avaliado os custos para implantação e operação, a ocorrência de economia de escala e verificado o custo nivelado de energia para cada potência analisada. Além disso, foram realizadas análises de sensibilidade, considerando a variação do preço de produto e custo de investimento, para demonstrar as respostas em relação aos indicadores econômicos. Portanto, os projetos de energia fotovoltaicos apresentaram custos crescentes com aumento da potência, e o custo normalizado por kW seguiu uma economia de escala, já o custo nivelado de energia demonstrou viabilidade, exceto para a potência de 22,1 kW. As análises de sensibilidade demonstraram a rentabilidade para as configurações analisadas.

ABSTRACT Renewable energies are alternatives to replace fossil fuels and are crucial for the sustainability of the agricultural sector, besides being an important alternative for pumping water in irrigation. Thus, understanding revenues and expenses is fundamental in economic feasibility. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the behavior of economic indicators in off-grid solar energy system for irrigation based on different scenarios. Photovoltaic projects were developed for different irrigation powers ranging from 0.736 to 22.1 kW, and the costs for implementation and operation, as well as the occurrence of economy of scale were evaluated, and the levelized cost of energy for each power analyzed was determined. In addition, sensitivity analyses were performed, considering the variation in product price and investment cost, to demonstrate the responses in relation to economic indicators. Photovoltaic energy projects showed increasing costs with the increase in power, and the normalized cost per kW followed an economy of scale, while the levelized cost of energy showed feasibility, except for the power of 22.1 kW. The sensitivity analyses showed profitability for the analyzed configurations.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n1p57-63

11.

Shading minimizes the effects of water deficit in Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg seedlings
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Bartieres, E. M. M.

; Dresch, D. M.

; Reis, L. C.

; Pereira, Z. V.

; Mussury, R. M.

; Scalon, S. P. Q.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e244718

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade de enzimas antioxidantes, o funcionamento do fotossistema II e a qualidade de mudas de C. xanthocarpa cultivadas sob déficit hídrico intermitente e níveis de sombreamento e a influência do sombreamento sobre o potencial de recuperação após suspensão das condições de estresse. As mudas foram submetidas a três níveis de sombreamento (0, 30 e 70%), seis períodos de avaliação (início: 0 dias; 1ª e 2ª fotossíntese zero: 1ª e 2ª P0; 1ª e 2ª recuperação: 1ª e 2ª REC; e final), e duas formas de irrigação (controle: periodicamente irrigado para manter 70% da capacidade de retenção de água do substrato, e irrigação intermitente: suspensão da irrigação). As plantas submetidas às condições de irrigação intermitente a 0% de sombreamento apresentaram redução do potencial hídrico (Ψw) e eficiência quântica potencial do fotossistema II (Fv/Fm) e máxima eficiência do processo fotoquímico (Fv/F0) e aumento da produção quantica basal dos processos não fotoquímicos (F0/Fm). A atividade da superóxido dismutase (SOD) foi maior nas folhas do que nas raízes. C. xanthocarpa é uma espécie sensível ao déficit hídrico, mas apresenta estratégias para se adaptar a um ambiente com restrição hídrica temporária, sendo mais eficientes sob sombreamento. As mudas com déficit hídrico em todos os níveis de sombreamento exibiram maior atividade antioxidante protetora e menor qualidade no sombreamento 0%. O sombreamento minimiza danos permanentes ao fotossistema II e após a re-irrigação, as características avaliadas apresentaram recuperação em relação ao grupo controle, exceto atividades de POD e SOD nas folhas.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the functioning of the photosystem II and quality of C. xanthocarpa seedlings cultivated under intermittent water deficit and shading levels and the influence of shading on recovery potential after suspension of the stress conditions. The seedlings were subjected to three levels of shading (0, 30, and 70%), six periods of evaluation (start: 0 days; 1st and 2nd photosynthesis zero: 1st and 2nd P0; 1st and 2nd recovery: 1stand 2nd REC; and END), and two forms of irrigation (control: periodically irrigated to maintain 70% substrate water retention capacity, and intermittent irrigation: suspension of irrigation). The plants subjected to intermittent irrigation conditions at 0% shading showed a reduction in water potential (Ψw) and potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and maximum efficiency of the photochemical process (Fv/F0) and an increase in basal quantum production of the non-photochemical processes (F0/Fm). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher in the leaves than in the roots. The C. xanthocarpa is a species sensitive to water deficit but presents strategies to adapt to an environment under temporary water restriction, which are more temporary are most efficient under shading. The seedlings with water deficit at all levels of shading exhibited higher protective antioxidant activity and lower quality at 0% shading. The shading minimizes prevents permanent damage to the photosystem II and after the re-irrigation, the evaluated characteristics showed recovery with respect to the control group, except POD and SOD activities in the leaves.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.244718 503 downloads

12.

Do fall armyworm’s Metaflumizone resistante populations affect the activity of Trichogramma pretiosum?
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Barbosa, M. G.

; Souza, S. A.

; André, T. P. P.

; Pontes, A. D. S.

; Teixeira, C. S.

; Pereira, F. F.

; Pastori, P. L.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e245273

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A possível interferência de populações de pragas resistentes na ação de inimigos naturais ainda não foi esclarecida. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) em ovos de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) com frequência de resistência à Metaflumizona ao longo de seis gerações de exposição ao produto. Cartelas (2,0 x 7,0 cm) com ovos de duas populações de S. frugiperda, (resistente à Metaflumizona e outra suscetível), foram expostas às fêmeas de T. pretiosum por 24 horas em condições de livre escolha e sem chance de escolha por três gerações (G1, G4 e G6). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com 25 repetições, sendo cada repetição composta por uma cartela (unidade experimental) contendo 20 ovos. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: parasitismo (%), emergência (%), razão sexual, número de parasitoides emergidos por ovo e longevidade de machos e fêmeas. ANOVA e teste de Tukey (P≤ 0,05) foram aplicados aos dados coletados. Os resultados mostraram redução do parasitismo [41,0% (G1) e 28,4% (G4)], emergência de ovos (17,5%) e parasitoides/ovo [16,2 (G4) e 17,2 (G6)] em ovos oriundos da população com frequência de resistência. As fêmeas emergidas de ovos da população G6 sem exposição à Metaflumizona, tiveram maior longevidade (3,5 dias a mais) do que a população exposta ao inseticida. A razão sexual e a longevidade de machos não foram afetadas. Os resultados indicam uma redução na atividade de T. pretiosum se as populações de S. frugiperda apresentarem alguma frequência de resistência à Metaflumizona.

Abstract The possible interference of resistant pest’s populations to insecticides in natural enemies in the action thas not been clarified yet. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) performance on Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs with resistance frequency to the Metaflumizone over six generations of product exposure. Egg cards (2.0 x 7.0 cm) containing eggs from two populations of S. frugiperda, (resistant to Metaflumizone and the other susceptible), were exposed to T. pretiosum females for 24 hours in free-choice and no-choice testing in three generations (G1, G4, and G6). A completely randomized experimental design was used with 25 replications, each consisting of an egg card (experimental unit) containing 20 eggs. The parameters evaluated were: parasitism (%), emergence (%), sex ratio, number of emerged parasitoids per egg and males/females longevity. ANOVA and Tukey test (P≤ 0.05) were applied on the results. Results showed a reduction in parasitism [41.0% (G1) and 28.4% (G4)], egg emergence (17.5%) and parasitoids/egg [16.2 (G4) and 17.2 (G6)] in eggs originating from the population with resistance frequency. Females emerging from G6 populations eggs without exposure to Metaflumizone had greater longevity (3.5 days more) than the resistant population. The sex ratio and male longevity were not affected. The results indicate a reduction in T. pretiosum activity if S. frugiperda populations have some frequency of resistance to Metaflumizone.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.245273 77 downloads

13.

Characterization of Pultruded Glass-Fiber Reinforced Polymers with Two-Step Homogenization
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Vianna, Rafael da S.

; Pereira, André M.B.

; Leiderman, Ricardo

; Vieira, Janine D.

Materials Research

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2023, Volume 26 elocation e20220252

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The aim of this work is to determine effective elastic properties of pultruded Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer using micro-CT in conjunction with a two-step numerical homogenization technique. The two-step homogenization involves the segmentation of the material’s layers, which was made here by means of a machine learning approach. The segmentation was validated through the comparison between the phase’s volume fractions of samples obtained from the segmented images and laboratory tests. Further, a standard accuracy analysis in a 10-fold cross validation was performed. The samples’ effective axial Young’s modulus obtained by our numerical homogenization were compared to results obtained from experimental tests. For both the experimental tests and the image-based numerical analysis we considered samples extracted from the same profile. The two-step methodology allowed the homogenization of large volumes of the composite corresponding to the whole thickness of the profile, imaged with a high resolution. In addition to the axial effective Young’s modulus, our methodology was also able to successfully provide all the other elastic properties along the three orthogonal directions, even the ones that are arduous to be obtained in laboratory setups.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2022-0252

14.

Effect of pineapple peel addition on sorghum ensilage
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Chacón, S. A. R. G.

; Araújo, T. L. A. C.

; Pinedo, L. A.

; Lima Junior, D. M.

; Assis, L. C. S. L. C.

; Pereira, M. W. F.

; Lima, P. O.

South African Journal of Animal Science

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2023, Volume 53 N. 4 Pages 485 - 492

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Silage mixed with forage and byproducts is an alternative nutritional strategy for ruminant production. This study aimed to characterize chemical-nutritional aspects, fermentative profile, and digestibility of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) silage with different contents of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) peel inclusion at 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, or 80% of fresh matter. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replicates per treatment. Mixed feeds were ensiled in experimental silos for 65 days, subsequently opened, and samples were analysed. The increase in the proportions of pineapple peel caused a linear increase in dry matter, crude protein, mineral matter, ether extract, soluble carbohydrate, cellulose, lignin, and in vitro digestibility of dry matter in sorghum silage. The mean concentrations of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) had a negative quadratic relationship with the inclusion of pineapple peel, reducing from 0% to 40% (-2.56% for NDF and -3.14% for ADF) followed by stabilization at subsequent contents. Silage pH was not influenced, however, acetic and propionic acids increased linearly, while butyric acid decreased linearly with pineapple peel inclusion. The highest losses in gases and effluents were obtained in silage with 0% pineapple peel inclusion (1.77% of dry matter and 4.06 kg t-1 of dry matter), which resulted in lower dry matter recovery (93.56%). Adding pineapple peel to sorghum benefits composition, fermentation, in vitro digestibility, and decreases silage losses. An inclusion of 40-80% sorghum can be recommended.

https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v53i4.02

15.

Molecular insight for baru Dipteryx alata (Fabaceae) populations based on novel SSRs
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Silva, Rayleen Whaiti Lopes da

; Machado, Sarah Silva

; Faria, Karina de Cassia

; Oliveira, Fernanda Ancelmo de

; Souza, Anete Pereira de

; Menezes, Ivandilson Pessoa Pinto de

; Silva, Joaquim Manoel da

Acta Botanica Brasilica

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2023, Volume 37 elocation e20220168

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Baru tree (Dipteryx alata) is an arboreal, fruitful plant native to the Cerrado biome with an important socioeconomic impact. Populations of this species are a good model to study anthropogenic disturbances on the biome through the genetic information. In this study, we developed seven new polymorphic microsatellite markers for D. alata, using an enriched genomic library. We performed loci characterization in three populations, obtaining a total of 49 alleles, with an average of 5 to 5.57 alleles per locus. A significant content of polymorphic information was obtained, as indicated by the average expected heterozygosity (uHE), with a total average of 0.58 to 0.65 per locus. The average value of the observed heterozygosity (Ho) was also high, with a total average of 0.73 to 0.85 per locus. Some of the loci are in linkage disequilibrium, such as DalatG6 with DalatB3, DalatH3 and DalatB4. The estimate of the combined loci for the probability of paternity exclusion obtained an average value of 1.00 for all loci, and the average combined probability of identity, the values were (1.210^-5) to (4.410^-6). All markers are informative and suitable for studies on genetic diversity and population structure, aiming at the conservation and management of the species.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1677-941x-abb-2022-0168

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