ABSTRACT Drought stress is the main abiotic factor limiting soybean yield. The memory of recurrent water stress can provide greater efficiency in minimizing the negative effects of drought. Thus, the aim of this work was to understand the temporal adjustments in photosynthesis presented by soybeans when exposed to recurrent drought at the beginning of the flowering and grain filling stages. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with five replications, consisting of four treatments: i) WS-R1 (moderate water deficit at the beginning of flowering), ii) WS-R5 (severe water deficit during grain filling), iii) WS-R1+R5 (moderate water deficit at early flowering and severe water deficit during grain filling), and iv) WW (well-watered condition). Severe stress caused reductions in gas exchange parameters and the relative water content, with increased initial fluorescence and water use efficiency. The plants from the WS-R5 and WS-R1+R5 treatments showed a reduction in the apparent rate of electron transport in photosystem II (PSII), photochemical quenching, and effective quantum yield of PSII, as well as increased nonphotochemical quenching values. Furthermore, the proline concentration in the leaves was higher in plants from the WS-R1+R5 treatment, contributing to the greater ability to maintain turgid cells compared to the WS-R5 plants. The photosynthetic adjustments related to faster isohydric responses and photoprotective mechanisms in soybean plants subjected to recurrent drought allowed the maintenance in the weight or number of grains compared to plants without water restriction, demonstrating the activation of efficient memory mechanisms of response to water stress.

RESUMO O estresse hídrico é o principal fator abiótico que limita a produtividade da soja. A memória ao estresse hídrico recorrente pode proporcionar maior eficiência na minimização dos efeitos negativos da seca. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender os ajustes temporais na fotossíntese apresentados pela soja quando exposta à ciclos recorrentes de seca, no início da floração e enchimento de grãos. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados com cinco repetições, composto por quatro tratamentos: i) WS-R1 (déficit hídrico moderado no início da floração), ii) WS-R5 (deficiência hídrica severa durante o enchimento de grãos), iii ) WS-R1+R5 (déficit hídrico moderado no início da floração e déficit hídrico severo durante o enchimento de grãos) e iv) WW (condição bem irrigada ao longo de todo ciclo). O estresse severo causou reduções nos parâmetros de trocas gasosas e no teor relativo de água, aumento da fluorescência inicial e eficiência do uso da água. As plantas dos tratamentos WS-R5 e WS-R1+R5 apresentaram redução na taxa aparente de transporte de elétrons no fotossistema II (PSII), extinção fotoquímica e rendimento quântico efetivo de PSII, além de aumento nos valores de extinção não fotoquímica. Além disso, a concentração de prolina nas folhas foi maior nas plantas do tratamento WS-R1+R5, contribuindo para a maior capacidade de manter as células túrgidas em relação às plantas WS-R5. Os ajustes fotossintéticos relacionados a respostas isoídricas mais rápidas e mecanismos fotoprotetores em plantas de soja submetidas a seca recorrente permitiram a manutenção no peso ou número de grãos em comparação com plantas sem restrição hídrica, demonstrando a ativação de mecanismos eficientes de memória de resposta ao estresse hídrico.

RESUMO Apresentamos um inventário com 23 táxons da flora ficológica bentônica em praias da costa nordeste do estado do Pará, na Amazônia brasileira, uma região raramente amostrada para algas. As coletas foram realizadas em substratos como matacões no município de Salinópolis, e em troncos, galhos e pneumatóforos de Laguncularia racemosa e substratos artificiais no município de Marapanim. Apesar das limitações da amostragem, nós registramos dez novas citações de algas marinhas e estuarinas bentônicas para a costa do estado do Pará: seis Chlorophyta (Bryopsis pennata, Cladophora coelothrix, C. conferta,Gayralia brasiliensis, Pseudorhizoclonium africanum e Ulva chaetomorphoides), duas Rhodophyta (Caloglossa confusa e Centroceras gasparrinii), uma Ochrophyta (Bachelotia antillarum) e uma Cyanophyta (Coleofasciculus chthonoplastes).

ABSTRACT We present a checklist with 23 taxa of the benthic phycological flora on three beaches on the northeast coast of Pará state, in the Brazilian Amazon, a rarely surveyed area for algae. Collections were made on substrates like rocky outcrops at Salinópolis municipality, and on trunks, branches and pneumatophores of Laguncularia racemosa and artificial substrates at Marapanim municipality. Despite the limited geographic scale of the sampling, we provide ten new citations for the benthic, marine and estuarine algal taxa of the Pará state coast: six Chlorophyta (Bryopsis pennata, Cladophora coelothrix, C. conferta, Gayralia brasiliensis, Pseudorhizoclonium africanum and Ulva chaetomorphoides), two Rhodophyta (Caloglossa confusa, Centroceras gasparrinii), one Ochrophyta (Bachelotia antillarum) and one Cyanophyta (Coleofasciculus chthonoplastes).

ABSTRACT Water availability is the main factor that explains current patterns of palm abundance. However, the interaction between water stress and increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations caused by climatic change and its effects on palm physiology remain poorly known. Macauba palm is a widespread Neotropical species commonly found in ecosystems subjected to seasonal drought and has potential use in oil production. The present work investigated the influence of increased CO2 concentrations on photosynthetic responses to drought in macauba palm plants. Exposure to increased CO2 concentrations led to up-regulation of photosynthesis through higher stomatal conductance and improved light and water use efficiency. Macauba palm plants under water stress, irrespective of CO2 concentration, were able to maintain constant levels of proline and chlorophyll, while preventing oxidative damage. Plants grown at higher CO2 concentrations were more capable of recovering from drought due to higher Rubisco carboxylation rate (Vc max) and electron transport rate (J max), which prevented a reduction in total dry mass at the end of the stress period. Stomatal control of photosynthesis, coupled with the prevention of severe damage under stress, would allow efficient biomass production by the macauba palm under future scenarios of climate change.

RESUMO Foram avaliados os teores de sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), relação SS/AT, pH, teor de umidade, açúcares solúveis (AS), açúcares redutores (AR) e açúcares não redutores (ANR) em polpa de frutos de pequi coletados na planta, coletados no chão após a queda natural e coletados no chão três dias após a queda natural (caracterizando três estágios de maturação), e mantidos por seis meses em freezer após submetidos a congelamento rápido (nitrogênio líquido seguido de freezer) e lento (diretamente em freezer). As variáveis avaliadas não foram influenciadas pelo método de congelamento. Os teores de SS, AT, e AR foram crescentes com o avanço no estágio de maturação dos frutos, indicando que frutos coletados na planta encontram-se imaturos e apresentam qualidade inferior aos coletados após a queda natural. Embora considerados maduros quando caem da planta, um intervalo de três dias entre a coleta após a queda natural e o consumo favorece a qualidade dos frutos.

ABSTRACT Soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, pH, moisture, soluble sugars (SSU), total reducing sugars (RSU), and non-reducing sugars (NRS) were assessed in the pulp of pequi fruits collected at three ripening stages: from the plant, from the ground after naturally falling off, and collected from the ground three days after naturally falling off. The evaluation was performed after six months of freezer storage both for fruits subjected to quick freezing (liquid nitrogen followed by freezer) and slow freezing (straight into the freezer). The variables assessed were not influenced by the freezing method. The SS, TA, and RSU contents increased with the ripening stage, suggesting that the fruits collected from the plant are still immature and have lower quality than those collected after naturally falling off. Although considered mature when they fall off, fruits consumed three days after naturally falling off have better quality.

ABSTRACT Fire is an abiotic disturbance that regulates vegetation structure and biodiversity. Some plant species have adapted to fire prone environments by evolving protective structures. Acrocomia aculeata (macaw palm) is widely distributed throughout tropical America, and is found in environments continuously influenced by anthropogenic fire. We aimed to determine whether the fruit characteristics of A. aculeata enable seeds to resist the effects of fire and also the consequent effects of fire on fruit biometric traits and embryo viability. After a fire event in a region of pasture-forest transition, we marked 30 individuals of A. aculeata. The trees were separated by UPGMA analysis into 5 groups according to fire exposure, ranging from trees with no exposure to trees with fruit completely exposed to fire. Fruit exposure to high temperatures led to lower values in fruit fresh weight, length, density, and processable mass.Fire had no significant effect on seed biometric variables, because of the structures of the fruit, including its lignified endocarp and its insulating and mucilaginous mesocarp. These structures helped to maintain the embryos viability by preventing oxidative damage. In conclusion, the fruit structure of the macaw palm may facilitate seed persistence, even when subject to increasingly frequent fire events.

ABSTRACT Iron plays a pivotal role in the redox reactions of photosynthesis and metabolic processes such as chlorophyll synthesis. Iron availability in waterlogged soils can reach toxic levels and promote oxidative stress. Fe toxicity is the most concerning of stresses for rice in many lowland environments around the world and may cause severe impairments in rice photosynthesis. This study aimed to investigate the extension of oxidative stress after excess Fe exposure and its effects on the photosynthesis of rice cultivars with differential sensitivity. Three Brazilian rice cultivars (EPAGRI 107, BRSMG SELETA and BR IRGA 409) were grown in Hoagland nutrient solution (pH 4.0) with two Fe-EDTA doses corresponding to excess Fe (7 mM) and control (0.009 mM) treatments. After just three days of excess Fe exposure, there was a significant increase in iron concentration in the shoots. The BR IRGA 409 cultivar exhibited higher Fe accumulation in its shoots, and the EPAGRI 107 cultivar recorded the lowest values, which were below the critical toxicity level, as a resistance strategy. Impairment in light energy partitioning and oxidative damage became evident before changes in stomatal resistance, chlorophyll content, maximal PSII quantum yield or visual symptoms for the most sensitive cultivar (BR IRGA 409). The photosynthesis limitations, in addition to the impairment of excess energy dissipation in rice from iron toxicity, are the results of oxidative damage.

Jatropha curcas (physic nut) is a plant with economic and pharmaceutical uses. Basic studies on the influence of environmental factors on the early development of J. curcas are important for improving farming techniques and increasing productivity. This study investigated the adjustments of J. curcas to the environmental factors of drought and light stress in order to determine which factors most strongly affect the allocation of biomass during early growth. Leaves, stems, and roots of young plants were sampled and leaf area was measured during January and June in 2011. Plants of J. curcas that were grown in shade and subjected to water stress showed higher biomass allocation to aerial parts (mainly stems), which can be explained as a strategy for maximizing carbon assimilation. The pattern of biomass allocation between aerial components and the root system changed in plants grown in shade. During June 2011, biomass in shade-grown J. curcas was preferentially allocated to stems, indicating long-term adjustment. The lower biomass allocation to the root system suggests reduced exploitation of soil water even when this resource is scarce. Thus, over the long term, growth of J. curcas may be compromised by the combined effects of light stress and water deficit.

Avaliou-se o potencial prognóstico de parâmetros microscópicos de folhas assintomáticas de . Clusia hilariana Schltdl. expostas à deposição particulada de ferro (2.14 mg cm² dia-1), por 45 dias consecutivos. Amostras de folhas jovens e expandidas sem sintomas foram coletadas e submetidas a técnicas usuais em microscopia de luz e eletrônica de varredura. Foram mensurados a altura das células epidérmicas de ambas as faces da folha e a espessura da hipoderme, do parênquima clorofiliano e da lâmina foliar. Danos micromorfológicos ocorreram na superfície abaxial de folhas jovens e em ambas as faces de folhas expandidas. Erosão da cera epicuticular e ruptura cuticular foram frequentes na face adaxial, enquanto na face abaxial, de ambas as folhas, houve perda da sinuosidade da parede anticlinal das células epidérmicas, deformação e obstrução estomática. Alterações micromorfométricas foram observadas em todos os tecidos foliares, exceto na altura das células epidérmicas em razão, provavelmente, da espessa cutícula e flanges cuticulares proeminentes. A maior diferença na espessura da lâmina foliar foi verificada nas folhas jovens de plantas expostas à SPM Fe, indicando maior sensibilidade ao ferro particulado em comparação com as folhas expandidas. As alterações micromorfológicas e micromorfométricas observadas na lâmina foliar de . Clusia hilariana Schltdl. demonstraram o potencial prognóstico dessas ferramentas na avaliação de impactos causados pela deposição de particulados, em especial na vegetação natural de restinga, onde a exposição é crescente diante da expansão de usinas mineradoras implantadas em sua vizinhança.

This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of microscopic parameters of asymptomatic leaves of Clusia hilariana Schltdl. subjected to particulate deposition of iron (2.14 mg cm-2 day-1) for 45 consecutive days. Samples of young and expanded leaves without symptoms were collected and subjected to light and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The height of the epidermal cells on both surfaces of the leaf and the thickness of the hypodermis, the chlorophyll parenchyma, and the leaf blade were measured. Micromorphological injury occurred in the abaxial surface of young leaves and on both surfaces of expanded leaves. Erosion of the epicuticular wax and cuticle rupture were frequent on the adaxial surface, while on the abaxial surface of both leaves there was a loss of sinuosity on the anticlinal wall of the epidermal cells, stomatal deformity and obstruction. Micromorphometric alterations were seen in all leaf tissues except in the height of epidermic cells, probably due to the thick cuticle and prominent cuticular flanges. The highest difference in thickness of the leaf blade was seen in young leaves of plants subjected to SPMFe, indicating greater sensibility to particulate iron in comparison to the expanded leaves. The micromorphological and micromorphometric alterations in the leaf blade of Clusia hilariana Schltdl. showed the prognostic potential of these tools on the evaluation of impacts caused by the deposition of particulate matter, especially in the 'Restinga' natural vegetation, where the exposure is increasing due to the presence of iron ore industry in their surroundings.

O presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de se avaliar diferentes métodos para o cálculo de graus-dia (GD). Foram comparados quatro métodos de soma térmica, frequentemente usados no cálculo de GD: Ometto, Snyder, Dufault e método residual de Arnold. Esses métodos foram aplicados às culturas do milho e do feijão. As simulações foram feitas com as temperaturas observadas em Viçosa, MG no ano de 2011, e temperaturas simuladas (com acréscimo aleatório entre 0 a 5ºC em cada dia do período). As respostas dos quatro métodos de cálculo dos GD foram similares para as temperaturas observadas (reais). Para as temperaturas elevadas, os métodosnão apresentaram respostas similares. Fixando os graus-dia em 1.600 ºC dia para a cultura do milho e 1.300 ºC dia para o feijão, os métodos estudados reduziram de forma diferente o ciclo das culturas. As maiores reduções foram obtidas pelo método Arnold e Snyder, reduzindo igualmente o ciclo em 28 e 17 dias para as culturas do milho e do feijão, respectivamente. No método de Ometto, foram observadas as menores reduções, de 12 (milho) e 11 (feijão) dias, pois, nesse caso utilizam-se as temperaturas basais superior e inferior e considera-se uma penalização maior em dias em que a temperatura máxima ultrapassa a temperatura basal.

The present study was performed in order to compare different methods for calculating degree-days. Four methods of thermal sum, often used in calculation of degree-days, were compared: Ometto, Snyder, Dufault and Arnold residual methods. These methods were applied to corn and beans crops. The simulations have been done considering the actual temperatures on Viçosa, MG, Brazil, in 2011, and simulated temperatures (random additions between 0 and 5ºC for each day). The responses of the four methods on calculating the degree-days were similar for the observed temperatures in both studied crops. However, for the higher temperatures (simulated), the methods did not show similar responses. Fixing the degree days in 1,600 ºC day for corn crop and 1,300 ºC day for beans, the studied methods showed different reduction on the crop cycle. The largest reductions were obtained by Arnold and Snyder methods which have reduced equally the cycles by 28 and 17 days for corn and beans, respectively. The Ometto method resulted in the lowest reductions: 12 (corn) and 11 (beans) days, because it uses the upper and lower baseline temperatures, and it considers a greater penalty in days when the temperature exceeds the maximum baseline temperature.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da privação alimentar e da realimentação com dietas contendo diferentes relações entre energia e proteína (E/P) sobre o desempenho e a fisiologia de juvenis de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Utilizou-se arranjo fatorial 4x2 com três repetições, com quatro relações E/P (11,5, 10,5, 9,5 e 8,5 kcal g-1 de energia digestível por proteína) e dois regimes alimentares (com e sem privação), durante 60 dias. Peixes do grupo com privação alimentar permaneceram em jejum por 14 dias e foram realimentados do décimo quinto ao sexagésimo dia, enquanto os demais foram alimentados por 60 dias. Ao final do período experimental, o peso dos peixes submetidos à privação alimentar foi menor do que o dos alimentados continuamente; entretanto, esta condição não influenciou os parâmetros fisiológicos avaliados. Tambaquis alimentados com 11,5 kcal g-1 obtiveram menor peso que os alimentados com as demais dietas, em ambos os regimes. Entre os parâmetros fisiológicos, apenas a proteína plasmática apresentou aumento significativo nos peixes alimentados com 8,5 kcal g-1, em ambos os regimes alimentares, provavelmente em razão da maior concentração de proteína na dieta. Esses resultados mostram que os peixes apresentam crescimento compensatório parcial em todos os tratamentos, e que 10,5 kcal g-1 pode ser recomendada para a dieta de juvenis de tambaqui.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of feed deprivation and refeeding with diets containing different energy to protein ratios (E/P) on the performance and physiology of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). A 4x2 factorial arrangement with three replicates was used, with four E/P ratios (11.5, 10.5, 9.5, and 8.5 kcal g-1 digestible energy per protein) and two feeding regimens (with and without deprivation), during 60 days. Fish from the food-deprived group were fasted for 14 days and refed from the fifteenth to the sixtieth day, whereas the remaining fish were fed for 60 days. At the end of the experimental period, weight of fish subjected to food deprivation was lower than that of those continuously fed; however, this condition did not influence the physiological parameters analyzed. Tambaqui fed 11.5 kcal g-1 achieved lower final weight than those fed with the other diets, in both regimens. Among the physiological parameters, only plasma protein presented significant increase in fish fed 8.5 kcal g-1, in both feeding regimens, probably due to the higher dietary protein concentration. These results indicate that fish show a partial compensatory growth, and that 10.5 kcal g-1 can be recommended for the diet of juvenile tambaqui.

OBJETIVO: Este estudo objetivou avaliar o perfil e a produção científica de pesquisadores da Odontologia na área da patologia oral que receberam bolsas do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) no Brasil. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: O curriculum vitae padronizado (Curriculum Lattes) de 34 pesquisadores da área de patologia oral que receberam bolsas no triênio 2008-2010 foram analisados. As variáveis analisadas foram: sexo, filiação institucional, tempo de conclusão do doutorado, produção científica, e orientação de estudantes de iniciação científica e em programas de mestrado e doutorado. RESULTADO: Os Estados de São Paulo (18; 52,94%) e Minas Gerais (9; 26,47%) foram responsáveis por 79,41% dos pesquisadores. Quanto à filiação, três instituições foram responsáveis por aproximadamente 44,11% dos pesquisadores: UNICAMP (6 = 17,64%); USP (5 = 14,71%) e UFMG (4 = 11,76%). Os pesquisadores publicaram um total de 906 artigos com texto completo, com mediana de 26,64 artigos por pesquisador no triênio e 8,88 artigos por ano. Verificou-se que de 906 artigos publicados, 366 (40,39%) foram publicados em qualis A (Qualis-CAPES). Os pesquisadores da patologia oral orientaram 437 alunos de graduação e pós graduação. Destes, 138 (31,57%) eram alunos de iniciação científica, 169 (38,67%) eram alunos de mestrado e 130 (29,74%) eram alunos de doutorado. CONCLUSÃO: Uma importante produção científica dos pesquisadores da patologia oral no triênio 2008-2010 foi observada. Ao conhecer o perfil dos pesquisadores da Odontologia na área de patologia oral, estratégias mais eficazes para estimular a produção científica e a demanda de recursos para financiar projetos de pesquisa podem ser definidas.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the profile and scientific production of researchers in oral pathology who received grants in the area of Dentistry from the Brazilian National Research and Development Council. MATERIAL AND METHOD : The standardized online curriculum vitae (Curriculum Lattes) of 34 researchers in oral pathology who received grants in the years 2008-2010 were analyzed. The variables were: gender, affiliation, time from completion of the PhD program, scientific production, and supervision of undergraduate students and Master's and PhD programs. RESULT: The States of São Paulo (52.94%) and Minas Gerais (26.47%) were responsible for 79.41% of the researchers. Regarding affiliation, three institutions accounted for approximately 44.11% of the researchers: UNICAMP (17.64%); USP (14.70%); and UFMG (11.76%). The researchers published a total of 906 full-text articles, with a median of 26.64 articles per researcher in the triennium and 8.88 articles per year. It was found that of 906 articles published, 366 (40.39%) were published in strata A (qualis-CAPES). Oral pathology researchers supervised 437 scientific initiation and post-graduate students. Of these, 138 (31.57%) were scientific initiation, 169 (38.67%) were Master and 130 (29.74%) were PhD students. CONCLUSION: An important scientific production of oral pathology researchers in the 2008-2010 triennium was observed. By knowing the profile of researchers in oral pathology, more effective strategies for encouraging scientific production and demanding resources to finance research projects can be defined.

Este estudo avaliou a eficácia da farinha de castanha da Amazônia (Bertholletia excelsa) como fonte alternativa de proteína vegetal na dieta do tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Para isso, foram avaliados o desempenho e o estado fisiológico dos peixes alimentados durante 60 dias. Foram formuladas quatro dietas experimentais isoproteicas com 36% proteína bruta, com níveis crescentes de farinha de castanha (0, 10, 20 e 30%). Os resultados mostraram que os diferentes níveis de castanha da Amazônia mantiveram o mesmo desempenho zootécnico obtido para os peixes alimentados com dieta sem esse ingrediente (controle). Esses resultados são corroborados pela análise dos parâmetros fisiológicos: hematócrito, número de eritrócitos, concentração de hemoglobina, índices hematimétricos, proteínas plasmáticas totais e glicose plasmática, os quais não demonstraram diferenças significativas relacionadas aos diferentes tratamentos. Portanto, até 30% de farinha de castanha da Amazônia pode ser adicionada à ração sem comprometer a homeostase fisiológica e o desempenho do tambaqui, mostrando-se como um promissor ingrediente alternativo de fonte proteica na dieta para essa espécie.

The present study evaluated the effectiveness of Amazonian nut (Bertholletia excelsa) as an alternative source of vegetal protein in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) diet. Performance and physiological status of fish fed for 60 days were evaluated. Four experimental isonitrogenous diets with 36% crude protein were formulated with increasing levels of nut meal (0, 10, 20 and 30%). Results showed the same growth performance for fish fed with diet with different levels of Amazonian nut than that without this ingredient (control). Analysis of physiological parameters (hematocrit, erythrocyte number, hemoglobin concentration, hematimetric indexes, total plasma protein and plasma glucose) corroborate these results, with no significant differences among treatments. Therefore, adding up to 30% of Amazonian nut in tambaqui diet there is no negative effect on physiological homeostasis and growth performance, indicating that the Amazonian nut is a promising alternative dietary protein source ingredient for tambaqui.

RACIONAL: Desde que o uso de enxertos marginais é solução aceita para escassez de órgãos para transplante, ele tornou-se muito comum em todo mundo e a literatura vem mostrando efetividade desses enxertos no transplante de fígado. OBJETIVO: Apresentar a experiência do Serviço de Transplante Hepático do Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz, em transplante de fígado com o uso de doadores marginais. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo em 137 transplantes ortotópicos de fígado, usando enxertos marginais entre 1999 e 2006, com acompanhamento mínimo de 180 dias. Os receptores foram classificados de acordo com a função inicial do enxerto no pós-operatório como normal (FN) e disfunção primária (DP). RESULTADOS: Não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos FN e DP com os seguintes parâmetros dos doadores: idade, sódio sérico, tempo de protrombina, esteatose hepática, transaminases sérica, pressão sanguínea, drogas vasoativas, índice de massa corpórea, parada cardíaca antes da doação de órgão, doador em assistolia e tempo de isquemia quente. Análise da curva de sobrevida (Kaplan-Meier) de pacientes e de enxertos de fígado de pacientes que receberam fígado de doadores ideais versus doadores marginais não mostrou diferença com significância estatística. CONCLUSÃO: Pode ser recomendado o uso de enxertos marginais para transplantes hepáticos, inclusive os provenientes de doadores com o coração parado.

BACKGROUND: Since marginal grafts are a solution to deal with the shortage of organ donors, its use became more common worldwide, and the literature had shown its effectiveness in the liver transplantation (LT) outcomes. AIM: To present a single center experience, at the Liver Transplantation Unit of Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital, with orthotopic LT using marginal organ donors. METHODS: Retrospectivety review of 137 orthotopic LT using marginal grafts between 1999 and 2006, with a minimum 180 days follow-up. The receptors were classified according to postoperative initial graft function as normal function (NF) and primary dysfunction (PD). RESULTS: No significant statistic difference was observed between groups NF and PD concerning the following donor's parameters: donor's age, serum sodium, prothrombine time, liver steatosis, serum transaminasis, blood pressure, vasoactive drugs, body mass index, heart attack prior organ donation, non-heart-beating donor and warm ischemia time. The survival curves' analysis (Kaplan-Meier) of patients or patients' grafts which received LT from ideal donors versus marginal donors showed no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: The results permit to recommend the use of liver marginal grafts, including that ones from non-heart-beating donors.

OBJETIVO: Os autores estabeleceram uma metodologia para avaliar carcinoma espinocelular de cabeça e pescoço, identificando e distinguindo áreas de grande atividade metabólica dentro da neoplasia, associando dados simultaneamente adquiridos, obtidos por diferentes modalidades de aquisição de imagens, combinando informações metabólicas e anatômicas num único exame. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: A população estudada consistiu de 17 pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular pertencentes aos arquivos do Departamento de Imagem do Hospital do Câncer, São Paulo. As imagens de tomografia computadorizada (TC) e da tomografia por emissão de pósitrons (PET) com 2-[F-18]-fluoro-2-deoxi-d-glucose (18F-FDG-PET) foram simultaneamente adquiridas utilizando aparelho não dedicado. Os dados originais foram transferidos para uma estação de trabalho independente com o programa Entegra 2NT para gerar a fusão de imagens da PET e TC. RESULTADOS: Os achados foram definidos como positivos na presença de focos com aumento da concentração do radiofármaco em áreas não relacionadas à sua distribuição normal. CONCLUSÃO: A fusão de imagens simultaneamente adquiridas num único exame (18F-FDG-PET e TC) possibilitou o mapeamento topográfico metabólico das lesões estudadas e foi possível localizar áreas de maior atividade metabólica dentro do próprio tumor, verificando recidivas ou metástases, possibilitando aumentar as opções quanto ao planejamento radioterápico ou cirúrgico.

OBJECTIVE: The authors have established a methodological approach to evaluate head and neck squamous cell carcinoma aiming at identifying and distinguishing high metabolic activity inside the lesion, combining in a single examination, functional, metabolic and morphological data simultaneously acquired by means of different non-dedicated positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) device. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population included 17 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma submitted to a non-dedicated 18F-FDG-PET imaging at Department of Diagnostic Imaging of Hospital do Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. CT and 18F-FDG-PET images were simultaneously acquired in a non-dedicated device. The original data were transferred to an independent workstation by means of the Entegra 2 NT software to generate PET-CT imaging fusion. RESULTS: The findings were defined as positive in the presence of a well defined focal area of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake in regions not related with the normal biodistribution of the tracer. CONCLUSION: The fusion of simultaneously acquired images in a single examination (18F-FDG-PET and CT) has allowed the topographic-metabolic mapping of the lesion as well as the localization of high metabolic activity areas inside the tumor, indicating recidivation or metastasis and widening the array of alternatives for radiotherapy or surgical planning.