Abstract Erythema multiforme is a mucocutaneous disease characterized by the acute appearance of blisters and ulcers, with or without oral involvement. In this report, a 12-year-old female patient presented with extensive ulcerative lesions on the upper and lower lips, with painful symptoms and areas of bleeding and suppuration. Despite these lesions being restricted to the lips and skin around, the patient was diagnosed with erythema multiforme. Dexamethasone was then prescribed, in addition to the use of lip balm. At the first return evaluation, there was no regression of the clinical picture, and the medication was replaced by prednisone, associated with amoxicillin and 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash. In the second return visit, there was considerable regression of the lesion, and the process of gradual discontinuation of the corticosteroid was initiated. After 1 week, the lesions had healed, and the drug was discontinued. The oral cavity may be the only site affected by erythema multiforme, so knowledge of this disease is necessary for its correct diagnosis and treatment.

Resumo O eritema multiforme é uma doença mucocutânea, caracterizada pela ocorrência súbita de bolhas e úlceras, com ou sem envolvimento da cavidade oral. No presente relato, uma paciente do sexo feminino, com 12 anos de idade, apresentou lesões ulceradas extensas nos lábios, superior e inferior, acompanhadas de sintomas dolorosos, zonas de hemorragia e supuração. Embora essas lesões estivessem localizadas apenas nos lábios e na pele circundante, a paciente recebeu o diagnóstico de eritema multiforme. Foi então prescrita dexametasona, juntamente com a indicação de protetor labial. Na primeira avaliação de retorno, não houve regressão do estado clínico, resultando na substituição do medicamento por prednisona, em combinação com amoxicilina e colutório de clorexidina a 0,12%. Na segunda consulta de acompanhamento, houve regressão considerável da lesão, iniciando-se, assim, o processo gradual de suspensão do corticosteroide. Após 1 semana, as lesões cicatrizaram e o medicamento foi interrompido. A cavidade oral pode ser o único local afetado pelo eritema multiforme, sendo necessário o conhecimento dessa doença para o seu correto diagnóstico e tratamento.

Resumo O fibroblastoma desmoplásico (FD) é um tumor benigno raro de partes moles de origem fibroblástica e miofibroblástica e sua ocorrência na cavidade oral é rara. Este estudo detalha um novo caso de uma lesão elevada no rebordo alveolar de uma mulher de 59 anos, dolorosa à mastigação. O exame histopatológico mostrou proliferação de células de morfologia fusiformes a estreladas, não encapsulada, em um estroma rico em colagénio e hipocelular. As células tumorais foram forte e difusamente positivas para vimentina e algumas células foram focalmente positivas para α-actina do músculo liso, CD99 e β-catenina. Os exames foram conclusivos para o diagnóstico de FD. O paciente está no período de acompanhamento e nenhuma lesão recorrente foi detetada em um ano. O FD descrito neste relato, apesar de apresentar características clínico-patológicas-imuno-histoquímicas semelhantes aos casos descritos anteriormente, é apresentado em um local oral incomum e associado a sintomatologia dolorosa. A imuno-histoquímica é uma ferramenta importante nos casos de FD nos quais o exame histopatológico não é conclusivo.

Abstract The desmoplastic fibroblastoma (DF) is a rare benign soft-tissue tumor of fibroblastic and myofibroblastic origin, and its occurrence in the oral cavity is rare. This study details a new case of an elevated lesion in the alveolar ridge of a 59-year-old woman, painful during mastication. The histopathological exam showed non-encapsulated stellate-to-spindle cells proliferation in a hypocellular collagen-rich stroma. Tumor cells were strongly and diffusely positive for vimentin, and some cells were focally positive for α-smooth muscle actin, CD99, and β-catenin. The exams were conclusive for DF diagnosis. The patient is in the follow-up period, and no recurrent lesions were detected within one year. Despite having similar clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical features to the cases previously described, the DF in this report is at an unusual oral site and associated with painful symptomatology. Immunohistochemistry is an important tool in DF cases where the histopathological examination is not conclusive.

PURPOSE: To conduct a systematized review of the literature about the main local hemostatic measures to control postoperative bleeding in anticoagulated patients. METHODS: A systematized review of literature was performed in the electronic database Medline (PubMed) without restriction of the publication date. The eligibility criteria were studies involving maintenance of the anticoagulant therapy, prospective studies, retrospective studies, randomized clinical trials, controlled clinical studies, comparative studies, multicentric studies or case-control studies. Studies discontinuing anticoagulant therapy, case reports, literature reviews, in vitro studies, animal experiments and articles written in language not compatible with the search strategy adopted in this work were excluded. RESULTS: Twenty-four articles that met the adopted eligibility criteria were selected, enrolling 3891 subjects under anticoagulant therapy. A total of 171 cases of hemorrhage was observed. Tranexamic acid was the main local hemostatic measure used to controlling of postoperative bleeding. CONCLUSION: The local hemostatic measures proved to be effective according to previously published studies. Nevertheless, further clinical studies should be conducted to confirm this effectiveness.

OBJETIVO: Investigar os principais efeitos do uso local de nitrogênio líquido sobre o tecido medular ósseo em ratos. MÉTODOS: As diáfises femorais de 42 ratos Wistar foram expostas a três aplicações sequenciais locais de nitrogênio líquido por um ou dois minutos, intercaladas por períodos de cinco minutos de degelo espontâneo. Os animais foram sacrificados após uma, duas, quatro e 12 semanas e os espécimes obtidos foram analisados histomorfologicamente. RESULTADOS: Na segunda semana experimental do protocolo de um minuto, o grau histológico de inflamação obteve um escore médio de um (leve) variando entre 0 (ausente ou escarço) a dois (moderado) (Teste de Kruskal-Wallis p=0.01). Na segunda semana experimental do protocolo de dois minutos, o grau histológico de inflamação do tecido medular obteve um escore máximo de dois (moderado) (Teste de Kruskal-Wallis p=0.01). CONCLUSÃO: O grau de inflamação do tecido medular ósseo foi maior no protocolo de três aplicações de dois minutos comparado ao protocolo de três aplicações de um minuto.

PURPOSE: To study the main effects of local use of liquid nitrogen on bone marrow tissue in rats. METHODS: The femoral diaphyses of 42 Wistar rats were exposed to three local and sequential applications of liquid nitrogen for one or two minutes, intercalated with periods of five minutes of passive thawing. The animals were sacrificed after one, two, four and 12 weeks and the specimens obtained were analyzed histomorphologically. RESULTS: In the second experimental week of one-minute protocol, histological degree of inflammation obtained a mean score of one (mild), ranging from 0 (absent or scarce) and two (moderate) (Kruskal-Wallis test p=0.01). In the second experimental week of two-minute protocol, degree of inflammation to the medullar tissue obtained an average score of two (Kruskal-Wallis test p=0.01). CONCLUSION: The degree of inflammation of the bone marrow tissue was higher in protocol of three applications of two minutes compared to protocol of three applications of one minute.

The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) has been strongly implicated in development of some cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the immunological system somehow reacts against the presence of this virus. Among the cells involved in such mechanism of defense Langerhans cells (LC) stand out, which are responsible for processing and presenting antigens. OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to investigate the presence of HPV DNA and to evaluate the immunohistochemical reactivity for Langerhans cells between HPV-positive and HPV-negative OSCC. Twenty-seven cases of OSSC were evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue samples and amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the detection of HPV DNA. Viral typing was performed by dot blot hybridization. Immunohistochemistry was performed by the Streptavidin-biotin technique. RESULTS: From the 27 cases, 9 (33.3%) were HPV-positive and 18 (66.0%) HPV-negative. HPV 18 was the most prevalent viral type (100% cases) and infection with HPV-16 (co-infection) was detected in only 1 case. In the OSCC specimens examined, immunoreactivity to S-100 antibody was detected in all cases, with a mean number of 49.48±30.89 Langerhans cells positive for immunostaining. The mean number of immunostained Langerhans cells was smaller in the HPV-positive cases (38 cells/case) than in the HPV-negative cases (42.5 cells/case), but this difference was not significant (p=0.38). CONCLUSIONS: The low frequency of detection of HPV DNA in OSCC indicates a possible participation of the virus in the development and progression of only a subgroup of these tumors. There was no association between the immunohistochemical labeling for Langerhans cells (S-100+) and HPV infection of in OSSC. These findings suggest that the presence of HPV in such OSCC cases could not alter the immunological system, particularly the Langerhans cells.

The ameloblastoma is a benign neoplasm of epithelial odontogenic origin, slowly growing, locally invasive and it is the most common odontogenic tumor in the jaws. Histologically, various types have been described in literature. The desmoplastic variant is rare and characterized by difference in the typical findings of ameloblastoma, including localization, radiographic and histological features. The purpose of this article is to report a case of desmoplastic ameloblastoma in the left maxilla, and review of relevant literature, emphasizing peculiar aspects of this unusual lesion.

El ameloblastoma es una neoplasia benigna de origen epitelial odontogénica de crecimiento lento, localmente invasiva y constituye el tumor odontogénico más común en los maxilares. Histológicamente, existen varios tipos descritos en la literatura. La variante desmoplástica es rara y se caracteriza por diferencias en los hallazgos típicos del ameloblastoma, incluso la localización y aspectos radiográficos e histológicos. Los objetivos de este artículo son relatar un caso de ameloblastoma desmoplásico en el lado izquierdo del maxilar superior y presentar una revisión de la literatura relevante, enfatizando aspectos peculiares de esta rara lesión.

A hiperplasia epitelial focal, ou doença de Heck, é uma enfermidade rara, benigna, que afeta a mucosa oral de crianças e adultos jovens de diversas regiões do mundo e em diferentes grupos étnicos, como indígenas e esquimós. Apresenta correlação com o papilomavírus humano (HPV) no qual os tipos 13 e 32 têm sido consistentemente detectados nessas lesões. Este artigo relata um caso de uma paciente de 18 anos de idade, descendente de índios potiguares, que compareceu ao serviço de estomatologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), exibindo lesões bem definidas, arredondadas, planas, localizadas em cavidade oral, com tempo de evolução de aproximadamente dois anos. As lesões foram submetidas a biópsias incisionais, constatado-se no exame histopatológico alterações epiteliais, como acantose, cristas epiteliais em forma de "taco de golfe" além de células mitosóides. Esses achados histopatológicos foram compatíveis com a hipótese clínica de hiperplasia epitelial focal (doença de Heck).

The focal epithelial hyperplasia or Heck's disease is a benign rare pathology, that affects children and young adults oral mucosal in many world regions, and different ethnic groups, for example Indians and Eskimos. Presents correlation with the subtypes 13 and 32 of human papillomavirus (HPV). This article report a case of an 18-year-old patient, descent of potiguar indian, attended in stomatology service of Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), presenting well defined lesions, round, plane, localized in oral cavity with an evolution of two years. The lesions were submitted to incisional biopsies, verifying in histopathologic exam, epithelial alterations, like acanthosis, epithelial projections in "parquet block of golf" beyond mitosoid cells. These histopathological findings were compatible with clinical hypothesis of focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck's disease).

A hiperplasia endotelial papilar intravascular (HEPI) é uma lesão vascular reativa caracterizada pela proliferação endotelial excessiva localizada no interior de vasos sangüíneos comumente dilatados, associada a trombos em organização, ou secundária a outras lesões vasculares, como hemangiomas e granulomas piogênicos. A HEPI é um achado incomum na cavidade oral, onde os lábios são o principal sítio de acometimento, e surge clinicamente sob a forma de nódulos azulados de aspecto clínico semelhante ao de lesões como hemangioma, mucocele e varicosidades. Sob o aspecto histopatológico, observam-se projeções papilares de tecido conjuntivo fibroso revestidas por uma ou duas camadas de células endoteliais no interior de um lúmen vascular. A principal peculiaridade da HEPI reside em sua semelhança histológica com o angiossarcoma e na possível interpretação errônea como neoplasia maligna. Neste artigo, os autores descrevem um caso de HEPI oral e realizam uma breve revisão da literatura, enfatizando suas características histopatológicas e o diagnóstico diferencial.

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) is a reactive vascular lesion characterized by excessive endothelial proliferation within a vascular lumen of commonly dilated vessels, associated to organizing thrombi or even secondary to other vascular lesions, such as hemagiomas and pyogenic granulomas. Oral lesions of IPEH are uncommon, being lips the most frequent site, followed by, in decreasing frequency, tongue and buccal mucosa. Clinically, IPEH appears as bluish nodules that resembles clinical features of lesions as hemangioma, mucocele and varice. On histopathological examination, IPEH presents as papillary projections composed by a fibrous core lined by one or two layers of plump endothelial cells, without evidence of celullar pleomorphism, mitotic activity or necrosis. The mean peculiarity of IPEH is its histologic similarity to angiosarcoma and possible misinterpretation with malignant neoplasm. In this article, the author describe a rare case of oral IPEH and review of literature, emphasizing its histopathologic features and diferencial diagnosis.