Resumen: Las redes radiales de alta tensión son muy propensas a sufrir inestabilidades de tensión cuando se presentan fallas. Dentro de las acciones preventivas ante este tipo de eventos, la instalación de compensación de potencia reactiva en las zonas con más problemas de tensión es una alternativa económica y sencilla de aplicar. Trabajos previos han utilizado el método de las curvas QV basados en flujos de potencia en estados de contingencia para identificar tales zonas. Sin embargo, este procedimiento es criticado debido a que no contempla el efecto dinámico de elementos que cambian su comportamiento de acuerdo a los niveles de tensión, especialmente en escenarios de contingencia. Con el fin de subsanar esta crítica, este artículo propone el uso de las mismas curvas QV basándose en los puntos de operación resultantes de simulaciones dinámicas. Para evaluar la metodología propuesta, se utilizó el modelo de la red radial de alta tensión de la Patagonia, al sur de Argentina, por medio del software PSS/E en conjunto con el lenguaje de programación Python. Los resultados detectaron las zonas más propensas a la inestabilidad de tensión y el requerimiento de potencia reactiva necesaria para que la red opere en niveles de tensión aceptables. La metodología propuesta puede ser replicada en cualquier tipo de red. Por ejemplo, en el contexto latinoamericano, se podría utilizar en posibles futuras expansiones de red, especialmente en aquellas que vinculen países como Ecuador con Colombia o Perú, o también el Sistema Interconectado Centroamericano.

Abstract: Radial High-Voltage networks have problems ensuring voltage stability when a fault occurs. Among preventive actions for these events, installing reactive power compensation in the most vulnerable zones to voltage instability is an economical and simple alternative. Previous works have used the QV curves methodology based on contingency power flows to identify such zones. However, this method has been criticized because it does not consider the dynamical effect of some network elements that depend on the voltage levels, especially in contingency scenarios. This article proposes a QV curve analysis based on the operating point resulting from dynamic simulations to amend this critique. To evaluate the proposed procedure, the model of the Patagonian High-Voltage Network in southern Argentina is used through the PSS/E software with the help of the Python programming language. The results detect the most vulnerable areas to voltage instability after a fault occurs and the reactive power necessary to maintain voltage levels in an acceptable operating range. The proposed methodology can be applied to other networks. For example, it can be used in the Latin-American context to assess future network expansions, especially on those linking countries, such as Ecuador with Perú or Colombia, or even the Centro American Interconnected System.

Mari-mari (Cassia leiandra Benth.) is an Amazonian native fruit that is highly appreciated in the northern region of Brazil, but there are few studies regarding its chemical composition and/or biological properties. A phytochemical study was conducted on the extracts of the pulp, peel and seeds; and their antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial potential were also determined. Methanol and acetone extracts from different fruit parts were subjected to total phenolic, 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and FeIII reducing capacity (FRAP) assays. From the peel extracts, the engeletin and astilbin could also be isolated and characterized based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. A quantification using ultra-fast liquid chromatography of acetone dry crude extracts (DCE) of the peel showed that engeletin was the main compound (532.77 mg g-1 DCE). Astilbin content was also determined (131.53 mg g-1 DCE). The antibacterial and antiproliferative activities were evaluated and the methanol extract of the peel showed higher growth inhibition activity against all tested bacteria. Engeletin showed a relevant antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli. Acetone and methanol peel extracts exhibited a relevant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7), with no toxicity to the normal cell line (NIH/3T3).

RESUMO No semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro as condições edafoclimáticas podem favorecer riscos de salinização do solo, principalmente quando se utiliza água de má qualidade para irrigação. Nesse contexto, técnicas que possibilitem melhorias nos rendimentos da cultura do melão em condições adversas, como a salinidade, são, portanto, de grande relevância para o setor produtivo. Logo, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) na aclimatação do meloeiro submetido a diferentes níveis salinos na água de irrigação. Os tratamentos consistiram de duas condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação (0,3 e 5,0 dS m-1) e quatro concentrações de H2O2 (0, 5, 10 e 15 µmol L-1). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 × 4, com quatro repetições e quatro plantas por parcela. O aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação reduz o crescimento, as trocas gasosas e a produção do meloeiro. No entanto, o H2O2, na concentração de 6,35 µmol L-1 proporcionou melhorias na fisiologia, crescimento e produção, além de reduzir os efeitos deletérios do estresse salino na produção de melão.

ABSTRACT In the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil, soil and climate conditions can increase the risk of soil salinization, particularly when poor-quality water is used for irrigation. Therefore, techniques that improve the yields of melon culture under adverse conditions, such as salinity, are of great relevance to the production sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in acclimatizing melon trees subjected to irrigation water with different salinity levels. The treatments consisted of irrigation water with two electrical conductivities (0.3 and 5.0 dS m-1) and four concentrations of H2O2 (0, 5, 10, and 15 µmol L-1). The experimental design used was randomized blocks, arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme, with four replicates and four plants per plot. Increase in salinity of irrigation water reduced the growth, gas exchange, and production of melon plants. However, H2O2, at a concentration of 6.35 µmol L-1, yielded improvements in physiology, growth, and production, in addition to reducing the deleterious effects of saline stress on melon production.

This study aims to analyze Tetragonisca angustula honey from southwestern Bahia for its physicochemical characteristics, phenolic compounds and glioma cell inhibitory effect, in samples from different periods of the year, dry (DP) and rainy (RP) period. The analyses showed that samples obtained in the DP and RP are statistically different for the physicochemical profile (p < 0.05). DP honey has a darker color, greater acidity, content of reducing sugars and ash and lower moisture, when compared to RP. The content of total phenolics and flavonoids was determined spectrometrically, using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and reaction with aluminum chloride, respectively, and there was no statistical difference between the samples (p > 0.05). For the extraction of phenolic compounds, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was used, besides analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV), which identified chlorogenic acid and quantified caffeic acid and rutin (1.7723 and 0.9384 μg 100 mg-1 honey, respectively). Glioma cell inhibition effect lines were observed for DP at concentrations 1000 ng mL-1 of honey. Principal component analysis (PCA) proposes the physicochemical parameters as the main distinguishing factors between the DP and RP samples. DP samples showed similarity for the parameters ash content, acidity and reducing sugars and the samples of the RP had consonance between pH and moisture.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade de enzimas antioxidantes, o funcionamento do fotossistema II e a qualidade de mudas de C. xanthocarpa cultivadas sob déficit hídrico intermitente e níveis de sombreamento e a influência do sombreamento sobre o potencial de recuperação após suspensão das condições de estresse. As mudas foram submetidas a três níveis de sombreamento (0, 30 e 70%), seis períodos de avaliação (início: 0 dias; 1ª e 2ª fotossíntese zero: 1ª e 2ª P0; 1ª e 2ª recuperação: 1ª e 2ª REC; e final), e duas formas de irrigação (controle: periodicamente irrigado para manter 70% da capacidade de retenção de água do substrato, e irrigação intermitente: suspensão da irrigação). As plantas submetidas às condições de irrigação intermitente a 0% de sombreamento apresentaram redução do potencial hídrico (Ψw) e eficiência quântica potencial do fotossistema II (Fv/Fm) e máxima eficiência do processo fotoquímico (Fv/F0) e aumento da produção quantica basal dos processos não fotoquímicos (F0/Fm). A atividade da superóxido dismutase (SOD) foi maior nas folhas do que nas raízes. C. xanthocarpa é uma espécie sensível ao déficit hídrico, mas apresenta estratégias para se adaptar a um ambiente com restrição hídrica temporária, sendo mais eficientes sob sombreamento. As mudas com déficit hídrico em todos os níveis de sombreamento exibiram maior atividade antioxidante protetora e menor qualidade no sombreamento 0%. O sombreamento minimiza danos permanentes ao fotossistema II e após a re-irrigação, as características avaliadas apresentaram recuperação em relação ao grupo controle, exceto atividades de POD e SOD nas folhas.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the functioning of the photosystem II and quality of C. xanthocarpa seedlings cultivated under intermittent water deficit and shading levels and the influence of shading on recovery potential after suspension of the stress conditions. The seedlings were subjected to three levels of shading (0, 30, and 70%), six periods of evaluation (start: 0 days; 1st and 2nd photosynthesis zero: 1st and 2nd P0; 1st and 2nd recovery: 1stand 2nd REC; and END), and two forms of irrigation (control: periodically irrigated to maintain 70% substrate water retention capacity, and intermittent irrigation: suspension of irrigation). The plants subjected to intermittent irrigation conditions at 0% shading showed a reduction in water potential (Ψw) and potential quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and maximum efficiency of the photochemical process (Fv/F0) and an increase in basal quantum production of the non-photochemical processes (F0/Fm). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher in the leaves than in the roots. The C. xanthocarpa is a species sensitive to water deficit but presents strategies to adapt to an environment under temporary water restriction, which are more temporary are most efficient under shading. The seedlings with water deficit at all levels of shading exhibited higher protective antioxidant activity and lower quality at 0% shading. The shading minimizes prevents permanent damage to the photosystem II and after the re-irrigation, the evaluated characteristics showed recovery with respect to the control group, except POD and SOD activities in the leaves.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as características socioambientais, funções executivas e nutricionais de crianças de 6 a 7 anos, de escolas públicas de Alagoas, Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo envolvendo 64 crianças, na referida faixa etária, de escolas públicas localizadas em Alagoas: Maceió, no litoral; Major Isidoro, no sertão e Palmeira dos Índios, no país. Tais análises foram feitas por meio da aplicação de testes neuropsicológicos e avaliação antropométrica com crianças e inquéritos alimentares e socioambientais com seus pais. Quanto ao tipo de habitação, 100% eram de alvenaria, com banheiro presente em 98,4%. Todas as crianças relataram o hábito de tomar banho no rio / lagoa, apresentavam alguma patologia. Não houve diferença significativa entre os municípios quanto às características sociodemográficas avaliadas, ocorrendo o mesmo resultado com os fatores associados à ocorrência de doenças em crianças. Os subtestes do WISC-IV, ficaram abaixo da média em todos os municípios, e o TAC e SCC foram classificados dentro da média. Porém, mesmo que a classificação tenha sido dividida entre abaixo da média e média, é possível identificar a partir dos subtestes do WISC-IV, que o QI geral apresentou um nível cognitivo abaixo da média. Também não houve diferença significativa na avaliação antropométrica (peso, altura, IMC e AIDPI) entre os alunos avaliados. O peso médio foi de 23,3 kg a 25 kg, a altura entre 1,23 ma 1,24 m, o IMC entre 16,4 a 17; A AIDPI de 2.8 a 3.0. As crianças foram classificadas dentro da média. Em relação aos micronutrientes (Ca, Fe, K, Mg e Na e vitaminas A, C, D, B1, B9 e B12) e calorias, também não houve diferença significativa entre os municípios avaliados. O mesmo ocorreu com os macronutrientes (proteínas, carboidratos e lipídios). Este estudo mostrou que de maneira geral não houve diferença entre os alunos dos três municípios. Provavelmente, mesmo sendo todas escolas públicas e de diferentes cidades, as crianças têm condições sociais semelhantes.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the socio-environmental characteristics, executive and nutritional functions in children aged 6 to 7 years, from public schools in Alagoas, Brazil. A quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed involving 64 children of the mentioned age group, from public schools located in Alagoas: Maceió, on the coast; Major Isidoro, in the hinterland and Palmeira dos Índios, in the country. Such analyzes were made through the application of neuropsychological tests and anthropometric assessment with children and food and socio-environmental surveys with their parents. As for the type of housing, 100% were made of masonry, with a bathroom present in 98.4%. All children reported with the habit of bathing in the river / lagoon, presented some pathology. There was no significant difference between cities in terms of the sociodemographic characteristics evaluated, with the same result occurring with the factors associated with the occurrence of diseases in children. The subtests of WISC-IV, were below the average in all municipalities, and the TAC and SCC were classified within the average. However, even though the ranking were divided between below average and average, it is possible to identify from the subtests of WISC-IV, that the general IQ showed a cognitive level below the average. There was also no significant difference in the anthropometric assessment (weight, height, BMI and IMCI) between the evaluated students. The average weight was 23.3 kg to 25 kg, the height between 1.23 m to 1.24 m, the BMI between 16.4 to 17; the IMCI from 2.8 to 3.0. Children were classified within the average. Regarding micronutrients (Ca, Fe, K, Mg and Na, and vitamins A, C, D, B1, B9 and B12) and calories, there was also no significant difference between the cities evaluated. The same occurred with macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids). This study showed that in general there was no difference between the students of the three municipalities. Probably, even though they are all public schools and from different cities, children have similar social conditions.

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the implementation of research ethics committees in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, a process that took place in the context of a historical process of implementing health research policies at both the national and jurisdictional levels. Employing a qualitative, observational, and cross-sectional approach, we gathered secondary sources of public information and conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews with members of the committees in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. The results are presented in relation to three aspects: 1) the composition of the research ethics committees; 2) work processes, emphasizing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic; and 3) obstacles and proposals, that focuses on improvements identified by committee members.

RESUMEN El presente artículo se propone analizar el proceso de implementación de los comités de ética en investigación en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, cuya conformación se observa en el marco de un proceso histórico de implementación de políticas de investigación en salud a nivel nacional y jurisdiccional. Desde un enfoque de investigación cualitativo, observacional y de corte transversal, se realizó un relevamiento de fuentes secundarias de información pública, y entrevistas semiestructuradas y en profundidad a integrantes de los comités de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Los resultados se presentan agrupados en tres ejes: 1) la conformación de los comités de ética en investigación; 2) procesos de trabajo, haciendo hincapié en el impacto de la pandemia de covid-19; y 3) obstáculos y propuestas, que se focaliza en las mejoras identificadas por sus integrantes.

Silage mixed with forage and byproducts is an alternative nutritional strategy for ruminant production. This study aimed to characterize chemical-nutritional aspects, fermentative profile, and digestibility of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) silage with different contents of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) peel inclusion at 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, or 80% of fresh matter. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replicates per treatment. Mixed feeds were ensiled in experimental silos for 65 days, subsequently opened, and samples were analysed. The increase in the proportions of pineapple peel caused a linear increase in dry matter, crude protein, mineral matter, ether extract, soluble carbohydrate, cellulose, lignin, and in vitro digestibility of dry matter in sorghum silage. The mean concentrations of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) had a negative quadratic relationship with the inclusion of pineapple peel, reducing from 0% to 40% (-2.56% for NDF and -3.14% for ADF) followed by stabilization at subsequent contents. Silage pH was not influenced, however, acetic and propionic acids increased linearly, while butyric acid decreased linearly with pineapple peel inclusion. The highest losses in gases and effluents were obtained in silage with 0% pineapple peel inclusion (1.77% of dry matter and 4.06 kg t-1 of dry matter), which resulted in lower dry matter recovery (93.56%). Adding pineapple peel to sorghum benefits composition, fermentation, in vitro digestibility, and decreases silage losses. An inclusion of 40-80% sorghum can be recommended.

RESUMEN El presente artículo se propone analizar el proceso de implementación de los comités de ética en investigación en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, cuya conformación se observa en el marco de un proceso histórico de implementación de políticas de investigación en salud a nivel nacional y jurisdiccional. Desde un enfoque de investigación cualitativo, observacional y de corte transversal, se realizó un relevamiento de fuentes secundarias de información pública, y entrevistas semiestructuradas y en profundidad a integrantes de los comités de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Los resultados se presentan agrupados en tres ejes: 1) la conformación de los comités de ética en investigación; 2) procesos de trabajo, haciendo hincapié en el impacto de la pandemia de covid-19; y 3) obstáculos y propuestas, que se focaliza en las mejoras identificadas por sus integrantes.

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the implementation of research ethics committees in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, a process that took place in the context of a historical process of implementing health research policies at both the national and jurisdictional levels. Employing a qualitative, observational, and cross-sectional approach, we gathered secondary sources of public information and conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews with members of the committees in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires. The results are presented in relation to three aspects: 1) the composition of the research ethics committees; 2) work processes, emphasizing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic; and 3) obstacles and proposals, that focuses on improvements identified by committee members.

ABSTRACT: Spirorchidiasis is one of the most common diseases in green turtles. Eggs and the adult form of trematodes are mainly found in the heart, liver, lung, spleen, and gastrointestinal tract. The present study aimed to describe the pathological aspects of Spirorchiidae trematode infection in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro. The current study was based on the necropsy of 99 green turtles (Chelonia mydas, Chelonidae) from April to December 2021. Epidemiological data were obtained from the Aquatic Biota Monitoring Information System (SIMBA). A histopathological examination was performed at the “Setor de Anatomia Patológica” (SAP) from “Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro” (UFRuralRJ). Tissue fragments (buccal papilla, esophagus, trachea, lung, heart, kidney, bladder, stomach, liver, spleen, intestines, gonads, adrenal, thyroid, pancreas, salt glands, muscle, and skin) were sampled for histological examination. The green turtles had lesions compatible with parasitic infection in 89% (88/99) cases. Out of 88 turtles, 87 were juveniles (99%), 75% (66/88) were females, and 25% (22/88) were males. Adult parasites and their eggs were found to cause granulomatous tissue reactions in 14% (12/88) of turtles. Egg-associated granulomatous inflammation was found in 86% (76/88) of the turtles. The organs with the highest number of egg-associated granulomas in order of occurrence were: the spleen, small intestine, adrenal gland, pancreas, and lungs. The adult trematodes were observed in histological lesions in order of occurrence, mainly in the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. Out of the total number of turtles parasitized, 33% (29/88) of deaths occurred due to multiple causes such as fractures, interaction with fishing, predation, and fibropapillomas. The other 67% (59/88) presented multisystemic granulomatous disease caused by Spirorchiidae infection as a cause of death. Evidence is presented that spirorchidiasis is highly prevalent in young green turtles, is responsible for extensive chronic lesions, and responsible for significant debilitation and mortality.

RESUMO: A espirorquidíase é uma das doenças mais comuns em tartarugas verdes. Os ovos e a forma adulta dos trematódeos são encontrados principalmente no coração, fígado, pulmão, baço e trato gastrointestinal. O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever os aspectos patológicos da infecção por trematódeos Spirorchiidae em tartarugas verdes (Chelonia mydas) na Bacia de Campos, Rio de Janeiro. O presente trabalho foi baseado na necropsia de 99 tartarugas verdes (Chelonia mydas, Chelonidae) no período de abril a dezembro de 2021. Os dados epidemiológicos foram obtidos do Sistema de Informação de Monitoramento da Biota Aquática (SIMBA). Realizou-se exame histopatológico no Setor de anatomia Patológica (SAP) da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRuralRJ). Os fragmentos de tecidos (papila bucal, esôfago, traqueia, pulmão, coração, rim, bexiga, estômago, fígado, baço, intestinos, gônadas, adrenal, tireoides, pâncreas, glândulas de sal, músculo e pele) foram coletados e fixados em formalina a 10% tamponada, processados rotineiramente para exame histológico. Em 89% (88/99) dos casos, as tartarugas-verdes apresentaram lesões compatíveis com infecção parasitária. Das 88 tartarugas, 87 eram jovens (99%), 75% (66/88) correspondiam a fêmeas, 25% (22/88) a machos. Em 14% (12/88) das tartarugas foram encontrados parasitas adultos e seus ovos causando inflamação granulomatosa. Em 86,4% (76/88) das tartarugas foram encontradas lesões granulomatosas associadas aos ovos dos trematódeos. Os órgãos com maior quantidade de granulomas associados a ovos foram: baço, intestino delgado, adrenal, pâncreas e pulmões. Trematódeos adultos foram principalmente observados nas lesões histológicas, em ordem de ocorrência, no esôfago, estômago e intestino delgado. Do total de tartarugas parasitadas, 33% (29/88) das mortes ocorreram em consequência de múltiplas causas como fraturas, interação com pesca, predação e fibropapilomas. As outras 67% (59/88) apresentaram como causa de morte a doença granulomatosa multissistêmica causada pela infecção por trematódeo da família Spirorchiidae. São apresentadas evidências de que a espiroquidiase é altamente prevalente em tartarugas verdes jovens no Rio de Janeiro, responsável por extensas lesões crônicas, quadro clínico de debilidade e mortalidade significativas.

Abstract Sugarcane cultivation stands out in Brazilian agribusiness, covering more than eight million hectares for the production of sugar, ethanol, and by-products. Fertilization is one of the limiting factors in sugarcane yield, for which filter cake is a viable solution to meet plant nutritional needs. This study aimed to assess the effect of enriched filter cake on gas exchange and yield in RB041443 sugarcane, cultivated in soils of the coastal tablelands of Paraíba, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in the Monte Alegre S/A sugarcane mill, in the municipality of Mamanguape, using a randomized blocks experimental design, with 12 treatments (T1- cake, T2- cake + MAP, T3- cake + gypsum, T4 - cake + phosphate, T5- cake + bagasse, T6- cake + MAP + gypsum, T7- cake + MAP + phosphate, T8- cake + MAP + bagasse, T9- cake + gypsum + phosphate, T10- cake + gypsum + bagasse, T11- cake + phosphate + bagasse, and T12- control (only MAP)), and 4 replications, totaling 48 plots. A significant effect (5% probability) was also observed for the variables number of leaves and tons of stem per hectare (TSH). T1- cake, T4- cake + phosphate, T6- cake + MAP + gypsum and T10- cake + gypsum + bagasse, had the best results for TSH, with yields greater than 140 t ha-1. Regarding stomatal conductance, the highest values were obtained in T6 and T8, which, together with T11, had the highest gs values. Concerning the internal carbon concentration, T1, T2, T6, and T8 stood out. T6 also had a significant effect on transpiration. From this study, it was concluded that the use of enriched filter cake as a base fertilizer in sugarcane culture contributes to increasing the yield of the RB041443 variety, generating positive responses for plant gas exchange, being T1 and T10 indicated to increase the production in the sugar-energy sector.

Resumo A cultura da cana-de-açúcar ocupa uma posição de destaque para o agronegócio brasileiro, abrangendo mais de oito milhões de hectares na produção de açúcar, etanol e subprodutos. Um dos fatores limitantes na produtividade da cana-de-açúcar é a questão da adubação, sendo a torta de filtro uma solução viável para suprir as necessidades nutricionais da planta. Com esse estudo, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do uso da torta de filtro enriquecida sob as trocas gasosas e produtividade da variedade de cana-de-açúcar RB041443 cultivada em solos dos tabuleiros costeiros da Paraíba. O experimento foi conduzido na Usina Monte Alegre S/A, no município de Mamanguape-PB, utilizando o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com 12 tratamentos (T1- Torta, T2- Torta + MAP, T3- Torta + Gesso, T4 - Torta + Fosfato, T5- Torta + Bagaço, T6- Torta + MAP + Gesso, T7- Torta + MAP + Fosfato, T8- Torta + MAP + Bagaço, T9- Torta + Gesso + Fosfato, T10- Torta + Gesso + Bagaço, T11 - Torta + Fosfato + Bagaço, e T12 - Testemunha (Apenas MAP)), 4 repetições, totalizando 48 parcelas. Efeito significativo a 5% também foi observado para a variável número de folhas e tonelada de colmo por hectare. Para a variável TCH, os melhores resultados foram obtidos nos tratamentos T1- Torta, T4-Torta + Fosfato, T6- Torta + MAP + Gesso e T10- Torta + Gesso + Bagaço, com produtividades superiores a 140 t ha-1. Para a condutância estomática, resultados superiores foram obtidos no T6 e T8, que, junto ao T11, agruparam-se com os maiores valores de gs. Em relação a concentração interna de carbono, destacaram-se os tratamentos T1, T2, T6 e T8. Para a variável transpiração, o T6 apresentou influência significativa da torta de filtro. Com o referido estudo, concluiu-se que a utilização da torta de filtro enriquecida como adubação de fundação na cultura da cana-de-açúcar possibilita aumento no rendimento produtivo da variedade RB 041443, bem como respostas positivas para as trocas gasosas da planta, sendo os tratamentos T1 e T10 indicados para aumentar a produção do setor sucroenergético.

Abstract Low density sugarcane plantation (LDSP) has been implemented by some sugarcane producers in Brazil, aiming to save seeds and operational costs. The study was carried out in the municipality of Areia, Paraíba, Brazil. Five planting densities were used, varying from 5 to 25 m-2 of buds arranged in randomized blocks, with four replications. Data were measured annually over three cultivation cycles (2017 to 2020), during which the field was fertilized with NPK and the harvests were carried out manually without prior burning. The lower planting density presents higher productivity only in the cane plant (101.03 t ha-1) due to the higher plant height (2.37 m) and the higher number of stalks (11 stalks m-2), suggesting that these variables are due to the greater availability of light, water and photosynthate. However, there is a drastic reduction in sugarcane yield for this lower population in the 2nd ratoon by up to 65.62%, which is correlated with number of stalks per meter. We demonstrate the agronomic viability of LDSP in the population of 10 buds m-2 in relation to conventional planting of sugarcane until the 2nd ratoon. Data are important for future studies to present additional considerations for other production factors, such as the effects of mechanized harvesting and the management of nutrients and water, assessing the sustainability of this large-scale planting system.

Resumo O método de plantio de cana-de-açúcar de baixa densidade (LDSP) vem sendo implementado por alguns produtores de cana-de-açúcar no Brasil, visando economia de sementes e custos operacionais. O estudo foi realizado no município de Areia, Paraíba, Brasil. Utilizou-se cinco densidades de plantio, variando de 5 a 25 m-2 de gemas dispostas em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os dados foram medidos anualmente ao longo de três ciclos de cultivo (2017 a 2020). Menor densidade de plantio mostrou maior produtividade (101,03 t ha-1) devido à maior altura de planta (2,37 m) e ao maior número de hastes (NS) (11 hastes m-2), sugerindo que essas variáveis são devido à maior disponibilidade de luz, água e fotoassimilados. No entanto, houve redução drástica na produtividade da cana-de-açúcar para esta população menor na 2ª soca em 65,62%, estando correlacionado com o número de colmos por metro. Demonstramos a viabilidade agronômica do LDSP em uma população de 10 gemas m-2 em relação ao plantio convencional de cana-de-açúcar até a 2ª soca. Os dados são importantes para que estudos futuros apresentem considerações adicionais sobre outros fatores de produção, como os efeitos da colheita mecanizada e do manejo de nutrientes e água, avaliando a sustentabilidade desse sistema de plantio em larga escala.

Abstract Various species of fruit flies are important pests of fruit cultures and in some crop of vegetables worldwide. Studies of their population patterns, ecological processes and mechanisms that influence their sampling and distribution in the ecosystems, provides important information to support researches on species diversity and ecologically based pest control programs. The aims of this paper were to analyze the patterns of fruit fly species: diversity, abundance and composition in the margin and inside of a fragment of native forest (35 ha); on the margin and in the inside a commercial orchard (2.5 ha). This research was carried out in transects in a fragment of semideciduous forest and in a commercial orchard in the region of Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. A total of 1,918 adult fruit flies: 1,350 Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (♂♂+♀♀) and 568 of the genus Anastrepha Schiner (275♂♂ + 293♀♀) from six infrageneric groups and 12 different species were captured. C. capitata (80%), and Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi were the most abundant species, being this last one representing 50.68% of individuals in the genus Anastrepha. There are significant differences in species diversity of fruit flies caught in the traps installed in the edge and inside of both environments: traps installed in the forest edge had higher diversity index (H’ = 2.13) in compare to the inside of forest (H’ = 1.67), with the same pattern repeated in the orchard: edge (H’ = 0.55) and inside (H’ = 0.41). The results in this paper corroborate with the prediction that in ecotonal areas between environments there are higher diversity in compare with the inside of each of the confronting ecosystems. The technique proposed here saves time, effort and resources in rapid inventories for sampling fruit fly species richness in natural forests and large fruit tree orchards.

Resumo Várias espécies de moscas-das-frutas são importante pragas da fruticultura e de algumas hortaliças mundialmente cultivadas. Estudos sobre seus padrões populacionais, processos ecológicos e mecanismos que influenciam na amostragem e distribuição das espécies nos ecossistemas fornecem informações importantes para apoiar pesquisas sobre diversidade de espécies e programas ecologicamente embasados de controle de pragas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram analisar os padrões de diversidade e comparar a abundância e a composição de espécies de moscas-das-frutas na margem e no interior de um fragmento de floresta nativa (35 ha); na margem e no interior de um pomar comercial (2,5 ha). Esta pesquisa foi realizada em transectos de uma floresta semidecidual e em um pomar comercial na região de Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Foram capturados 1.918 adultos de moscas-da-frutas: 1.350 de Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (♂♂+♀♀) e 568 do gênero Anastrepha Schiner (275♂♂ + 293♀♀), pertencentes a seis grupos infragenéricos e 12 diferentes espécies. C. capitata (80%) e Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi foram as espécies mais abundantes, tendo esta última representado 50,68% dos indivíduos do gênero Anastrepha. Houve diferença significativa na diversidade de espécies capturadas entre a borda e o interior dos ambientes: as armadilhas instaladas na margem da floresta apresentaram maiores índice de diversidade (H’ = 2,13), em comparação com aquelas do seu interior (H’ = 1,67), sendo o mesmo padrão repetido no pomar: borda (H’ = 0,55) e interior (H’ = 0,41). Os resultados deste trabalho corroboram com a premissa de que no ecótono (efeito de borda), há uma maior diversidade de espécie que no interior de cada um dos ecossistemas confrontantes. A técnica aqui proposta economiza tempo, esforço e recursos em inventários rápidos para amostragem da riqueza de espécies de moscas-das-frutas em florestas naturais e grandes pomares de árvores frutíferas.

Abstract Potential breeding containers for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes are found in different environments, these places are considered by the National Dengue Control Program in Brazil as strategic points (SP), which have favorable conditions for the development of those insects. The aim of this study is to identify potential breeding containers for A. aegypti and A. albopictus at strategic points in the city of Codó, Maranhão. This study was conducted in five districts, one in each administrative area of the city. A survey of the types and quantity of existing strategic points in each neighborhood was carried out, and surveys of these properties were carried out to inspect the potential breeding containers, with the collection of the vectors’ number of immatures found at them. 125 properties were inspected of which 76.91% and 81.25% were vacant lots in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. There was a difference between the median of the different strategic points (H = 21.96; p < 0.0001), For A. aegypti, there was no difference between the medians of number of immatures regarding the strategic points (H = 3.71; p = 0.28). The total number of immature A. albopictus was higher in vacant lots than in workshops (H = 9.41; p = 0.02, p < 0.05). 4,356 and 4,911 potential breeding containers were found in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. Regarding the potential breeding containers, 7 (0.16%) and 47 (0.96%) were found with immature vectors, in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. There were more positive containers in the rainy season for which there was a difference between the median of the number of mosquitoes per positive container (H = 15.66; p = 0.01), the number of immatures for the tires group was greater than Vases and Fixed groups (p < 0.05); the same result was observed in the analyses of the species in the separate form. The impressive number of potential breeding containers found in the SP in both seasons highlights the importance of developing control strategies for these vectors, with emphasis on places such as vacant lots, workshops, tire shops and junkyards, which are serving as dispersal urban sites of vectors.

Resumo Os potenciais criadouros dos mosquitos Aedes aegypti e Aedes albopictus são encontrados em diversos ambientes, esses locais são considerados pelo Programa Nacional de Controle da Dengue como pontos estratégicos (PE), os quais possuem condições favoráveis ao desenvolvimento desses insetos. Propõe-se nesse estudo identificar os potenciais criadouros de A. aegypti e A. albopictus em pontos estratégicos na cidade de Codó, Maranhão. Este estudo foi realizado em cinco bairros, um em cada zona administrativa da cidade. Foi realizado o levantamento dos tipos e quantidade de pontos estratégicos existentes em cada bairro, e vistorias desses imóveis para inspeção dos recipientes potencial criadouro, com coleta das formas imaturas encontradas nestes. Foram inspecionados 125 imóveis, para os quais houve diferença entre a mediana dos diferentes pontos estratégicos (H = 21,96; p < 0,0001), sendo que os terrenos baldios foram mais frequentes com 76,91% e 81,25% nos períodos seco e chuvoso, respectivamente. Para A. aegypti não houve diferença entre as medianas de imaturos em relação aos pontos estratégicos (H = 3,71; p = 0,28). A quantidade de imaturos de A. albopictus foi maior em terrenos baldios do que em oficinas (H = 9,41; p = 0,02, p < 0,05). Foram encontrados 4.356 e 4.911 recipientes potenciais criadouros nos períodos seco e chuvoso, nesta ordem. Em relação aos recipientes positivos, 7 (0,16%) e 47 (0,96%) foram encontrados com imaturos dos vetores, nos períodos seco e chuvoso, respectivamente. Só houve predominância de recipiente positivo no período chuvoso, para o qual houve diferença entre as medianas de imaturos das duas espécies (H = 15,66; p = 0,01), sendo que a quantidade de imaturos para o grupo Pneus foi maior que Vasos e Fixos (p < 0,05), o mesmo resultado foi observado nas análises das espécies da forma separada. O número expressivo de recipientes potenciais criadouros encontrados nos PE nos dois períodos, evidencia a importância de se desenvolver estratégias de controle a esses vetores com ênfase em locais como terrenos baldios, oficinas, borracharias e ferros-velhos, os quais estão servindo de local de dispersão dos vetores em área urbana.

ABSTRACT Objectives: Currently, not much is known about the interactions between voice and growth hormone (GH). We have described large kindred with isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) due to a GHRH receptor mutation, resulting in severe short stature and high-pitched voice. These IGHD individuals have little interest in GH treatment, as they consider themselves “short long-lived people”, rather than patients. Interestingly, they report normal general quality of life, but they rate their Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) as low. Here, we assessed the social and auditory-perceptual impacts of artistic-intervention voice therapy with semioccluded vocal tract exercises (SOVTE) and choral singing, on their voices. Material and methods: Seventeen GH-naïve adult IGHD individuals were enrolled in a single-arm interventional pre-post study with 13 weekly sessions of choir singing over 90 days. Outcome measures were V-RQOL scores, self-assessment of voice, and auditory-perceptual analysis (GRBAS scale, G: grade of the severity of dysphonia; R: roughness; B: breathiness; A: asthenia; and S: strain). Results: Marked improvements in total (p = 0.0001), physical (p = 0.0002), and socioemotional (p = 0.0001) V-RQOL scores and in self-assessment of voice (p = 0.004) were found. The general grades of vocal deviation (p = 0.0001), roughness (p = 0.0001), breathiness (p = 0.0001) and strain (p = 0.0001) exhibited accentuated reductions. Conclusions: Voice therapy with semioccluded vocal tract exercises and choral training improved social impact and perceptual voice assessments in IGHD subjects and markedly improved their voice-related quality of life. This is particularly important in a setting where GH replacement therapy is not widely accepted.