RESUMEN: En este trabajo se evaluó la actividad insecticida del aceite de Copaifera langsdorffii en el control de Aphis craccivora, en condiciones de laboratorio. Se utilizó un diseño completamente aleatorizado, con cinco concentraciones 2 %, 4 %, 6 %, 8 % y 10 %, tratamiento control (agua destilada + Tween®) y control (Orthene®). En la evaluación, se recolectaron adultos de Aphis craccivora en Gliricidia sepium, y se expusieron a la aplicación de 1 mL de la mezcla de agua con las diferentes concentraciones del aceite. La mortalidad (%) fue la variable utilizada para el análisis, realizado a las 4, 24, 48 y 72 horas después de la aplicación de los tratamientos, mediante análisis de varianza y determinación de la concentración letal mediana (CL50). Se observó que con el aumento de las concentraciones se produjo un incremento en la mortalidad de Aphis craccivora, presentándose una mayor mortalidad (88 % y 90 %) en la concentración del 10 % en los períodos de 4 y 24 horas y del 6 % con una mortalidad que varió de 80 a 94 % (después de 48 horas) y 92 a 98 % (después de 72 horas). La CL50 calculada a las 4, 24, 48 y 72 horas fue del 6,16 %, 4,65 %, 4,22 % y 2,99 %, respectivamente. El aceite de copaiba tiene actividad insecticida y una concentración del 6 % está indicado para el control de Aphis craccivora.

SUMMARY: In this study, the insecticide activity of Copaifera langsdorffii oil in the control of Aphis craccivora was evaluated under laboratory conditions. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with five concentrations of 2 %, 4 %, 6 %, 8 % and 10 %, blank test treatment (distilled water + Tween®) and control (Orthene®). In the evaluation, adults of Aphis craccivora and Gliricidia sepium were exposed to the application of 1 mL of the water mixture with different concentrations of oil. Mortality (%) was the variable used for the analysis, being evaluated at 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours after application of the treatments through the analysis of variance and determination of the median lethal concentration (LC50). It was observed that with the increase in concentrations there was increase in the mortality of Aphis craccivora, with higher mortality in the concentration of 10 % in the periods of 4 and 24 hours (88 % and 90 %) and from 6 %, with mortality ranging from 80 to 94 % (after 48 hours) and 92 to 98 % (after 72 hours). The LC50 calculated at times of 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours was: 6.16 %, 4.65 %, 4.22 % and 2.99 %, respectively. Copaiba oil has insecticidal activity and concentration of 6 % can be indicated for the control of Aphis craccivora.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da inoculação dos fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) e rizóbio no enraizamento, crescimento e nutrição de mudas de angico-vermelho (Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth) Brenan) propagadas via miniestaquia. Foram utilizadas seis progênies, das quais foram confeccionadas miniestacas com um par de folhas inteiras, bem como tubetes de 55 cm³ contendo substrato comercial Bioplant®. Foram testados quatro tratamentos: 8 kg m-3 de superfosfato simples (SS) misturados ao substrato; 4 kg m-3 de SS misturados ao substrato; 4 kg m-3 de SS misturados ao substrato e adição de suspensão contendo rizóbios; e 4 kg m-3 de SS e adição de suspensão contendo rizóbios e 5 g de solo contendo esporos de FMAs. Não houve interação entre os tratamentos para percentagem de sobrevivência das miniestacas e percentagem de miniestacas com raízes observadas na extremidade inferior do tubete, na saída da casa de vegetação (30 dias) e da casa de sombra (40 dias), provavelmente em função do sistema radicular ainda estar em formação. Houve diferenças entre as progênies para percentagem de sobrevivência das miniestacas, percentagem de miniestacas com raízes observadas na extremidade inferior do tubete, altura, diâmetro de colo e massa seca da parte aérea. As avaliações das características de crescimento das miniestacas enraizadas, principalmente com relação à sobrevivência a pleno sol (140 dias), evidenciam a eficiência dos rizóbios e FMAs na produção de mudas desta espécie. Conclui-se que a associação simbiótica com rizóbio e/ou FMA favorece a produção de mudas de A. macrocarpa via miniestaquia.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) and rhizobium on rooting, growth and nutrition of seedlings of angico-red (Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth) Brenan) propagated by minicutting. Six progenies were used, of which were prepared cuttings with a pair of complete leaves. It was used a 55 cm³container filled with commercial substrate Bioplant®. Four treatments were tested: 8 kg m-3 of superphosphate (SS) added to substrate; 4 kg m-3 SS added to substrate; 4 kg m-3 SS added to substrate and adition of a suspension solution containing rhizobium; 4 kg m-3 SS and suspension solution containing rhizobium plus 5 g of soil contaminated by AMF spores. There was no interaction among treatments for survival rate of cuttings and roots observed at bottom of the container, evaluated in the greenhouse exit (30 days) and the shade house exit (40 days), probably because the root system was still in formation. There were differences among the progeny for survival rate of the shoots, the percentage of cuttings with roots observed at bottom of the container, height, stem diameter and shoot dry weight. The evaluations of the growth characteristics of the cuttings in, particularly with respect to survival at full sun (140 days), demonstrate the efficiency of rhizobium and AMF on seedling production of this species. We conclude that the symbiotic association with rhizobium and / or FMA favors the production of seedlings of A. macrocarpa by minicutting.