Resumen La periodontitis es una de las enfermedades bucales de mayor prevalencia, el estudio de su patogénesis ha avanzado mucho en los últimos años, sin embargo, los detalles de los mecanismos involucrados en la reabsorción ósea no están aún esclarecidos. RANK, RANKL y OPG son proteínas que tienen un rol conocido en otras enfermedades del tejido óseo, en este trabajo se revisó la evidencia sobre su posible participación en la patogenia de la enfermedad periodontal. Es necesaria más evidencia para conocer la relación entre RANK, RANKL, OPG y la reabsorción ósea vinculada a la periodontitis.

Abstract Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent oral diseases. The study of its pathogenesis has significantly advanced in recent years. However, the details of the mechanisms involved in bone resorption are not clear yet. RANK, RANKL, and OPG are proteins that have a known role in other bone tissue diseases. This paper reviews the evidence of their potential participation in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. More evidence is needed to understand the relationship between RANK, RANKL, OPG, and bone resorption in periodontitis.

Resumo A periodontite é uma das doenças bucais mais prevalentes, o estudo de sua patogênese avançou muito nos últimos anos, porém, os detalhes dos mecanismos envolvidos na reabsorção óssea ainda não estão esclarecidos. RANK, RANKL e OPG são proteínas que possuem papel conhecido em outras doenças do tecido ósseo, neste trabalho foram revisadas as evidências de sua possível participação na patogênese da doença periodontal. Mais evidências são necessárias para entender a relação entre RANK, RANKL, OPG e reabsorção óssea associada à periodontite.

ABSTRACT Gut microbiota has been the subject of various molecular studies mainly due to its importance and wide-ranging relationships with human hosts. However, the storage of fecal samples prior to DNA extraction is critical when characterizing the composition of intestinal microbiota. Therefore, we aimed to understand the effects of different fecal storage methods to characterize intestinal microbiota using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) as well as to establish an alternative conservation method of bacterial genetic material in these samples using guanidine. Stool samples from 10 healthy volunteers were collected. Each sample was divided into five aliquots: one aliquot was extracted immediately after collection (fresh) and two aliquots were subjected to freezing at -20 °C or -80 °C and extracted after 48 h. The other two aliquots were stored in guanidine at room temperature or 4 °C and extracted after 48 h. The V4 hypervariable regions of the bacterial and archeal 16S rRNA gene were amplified by PCR and sequenced using an Ion Torrent PGM platform for NGS. The data were analyzed using QIIME software. Statistical significance was determined using a non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. A total of 11,494,688 reads with acceptable quality were obtained. Unweighted principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed that the samples were clustered based on the host rather than by the storage group. At the phylum and genus levels, we observed statistically significant differences between two genera, Proteobacteria (p=0.013) and Suterella (p=0.004), comparing frozen samples with guanidine-stored samples. Our data suggest that the use of guanidine can preserve bacterial genetic materials as well as freezing, providing additional conveniences.

Resumen La mayoría de los tejidos del organismo se encuentran en un constante proceso de renovación, modulado por una vasta cantidad de proteínas que inducen la síntesis y degradación tisular a lo largo del tiempo. Las metaloproteinasas de la matriz extracelular (MMPs) son una familia de 25 endopeptidasas zinc dependientes encargadas de escindir los componentes inmediatos de la matriz extracelular (MEC). Ciertas metaloproteinasas de la matriz extracelular, especialmente MMP-2 y MMP-9, se ven implicadas en el desarrollo del germen dental así como con la proliferación e invasión de los tumores odontogénicos, siendo un factor a considerar sobre la posible agresividad tumoral y la base para el tratamiento de los mismos. A su vez, ambas MMPs actúan en la progresión de las lesiones cariosas así como en progresión de la periodontitis apical de pacientes con necrosis pulpar. Varios patógenos periodontales, promueven la secreción tanto de MMP-2 como MMP-9 favoreciendo la destrucción de los tejidos periodontales, íntimamente relacionadas con el avance de la enfermedad. En pacientes bajo tratamiento ortodóncico se encuentran altos niveles de estas MMPs, tanto en zonas de compresión como de tensión, relacionando los movimientos dentales con la renovación de los tejidos. Esta revisión analiza su expresión y utilidad relacionándolas con diferentes disciplinas en el área de las ciencias odontológicas, enfatizando su potencial como biomarcadores

Abstract Most body tissues are found in a constant renovation process, modulated by a large number of proteins that induce tissue synthesis and degradation over time. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of 25 zinc-dependent endopeptidases in charge of the cleavage of the immediate components of the extracellular matrix. Certain MMPs, especially MMP-2 and MMP-9, are related to the development of dental germ as well as odontogenic tumor invasion and proliferation. They are a significant factor in tumor aggressiveness and possible treatments. Moreover, both MMPs participate in the progression of dental caries and apical periodontitis in patients with necrotic pulp. Several periodontal pathogens promote the secretion of both MMP-2 and MMP-9, increasing the destruction of periodontal tissues, which is closely linked to the progression of the disease. High levels of these MMPs are found in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, not only in the compression side but also on the tension one. This establishes a connection between tooth movement and tissue renovation. This review analyzes MMPs expression and usefulness in different areas of dental science, emphasizing their potential as biomarkers

Neste trabalho foram analisados os compostos voláteis de amostras de mel de eucalipto e laranja colhidos nos estados de São Paulo e de Minas Gerais. O isolamento dos voláteis foi realizado empregando-se uma técnica de ''headspace'' dinâmico, a separação efetuada por cromatografia gasosa de alta resolução e a identificação por espectrometria de massas, Índices de Kovats e padrões, quando disponíveis. Foram identificados no mel de laranja o benzaldeído, o óxido cis de linalol, n-heptanal, 6-metil-5-hepten-2-ona, octanal e fenilacetaldeído, e em mel de eucalipto, o nonanal, 2-heptanona, 2-heptanol, octanol e nonanol. A caracterização sensorial desses méis foi obtida por Análise Descritiva Quantitativa e a aplicação de Análise dos Componentes Principais aos dados revelou que os descritores ''queimado'' e ''sabor residual'' caracterizam o mel de eucalipto, enquanto ''floral'' e ''cera'' caracterizam o mel de laranja. Entre os compostos identificados, o nonanal e o nonanol apresentaram contribuição sensorial importante ao mel de eucalipto, enquanto o fenilacetaldeído e o benzaldeído foram relacionados com os principais descritores do mel de laranja.

Volatile compounds of orange and eucalyptus bee honeys from the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais were isolated by a dynamic headspace technique and separated by high resolution gas chromatography. Volatile compounds were identified by gc-mass spectrometry and the Kovats Indices. Benzaldehyde, cis-linalool oxide, n-heptanal, 6 methyl-5-hepten-2-ona, octanal and phenylacetaldeyde were detected in orange honey. Nonanal, 2-heptanone, 2-heptanol, octanol and nonanol were identified in eucalyptus samples. Quantitative Descriptive Analysis and Principal Component Analysis revealed that orange honey can be sensorially characterized by ''waxy'' and ''floral'' descriptors, while eucalyptus honey by a ''burnt'' and ''after-taste''. Phenylacetaldeyde and benzaldehyde were related to these important descriptors in characterizing orange honey, as determined by sniffing, while nonanal and nonanol were found to be important contributors to the eucalyptus honey aroma.