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1.
First records of Pantophthalmidae (Insecta: Diptera) for the state of Tocantins, Brazil
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Abstract Pantophthalmidae (Diptera) are recorded exclusively in the Neotropical Region. Despite the large size of adults, their species are often rare and poorly represented in entomological collections. Only two genera and 20 species are known, of which 12 are recorded in the five regions of Brazil. In the North region, the family is reported from all states, except in Tocantins. The present work provides the first records of the family for Tocantins, expanding the distribution of two species, Pantophthalmus kerteszianus (Enderlein, 1914) and P. tabaninusThunberg, 1819. Both species are recorded for the first time in the Cerrado biome. In addition, we provide photographs of the species and a distribution map.
2.
Albendazole is effective for controlling monogenean parasites of the gills of Piaractus brachypomus (Serrasalmidae) and Megaleporinus macrocephalus (Anostomidae)
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Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária
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Resumo Infestações por monogenéticos podem causar alta mortalidade entre os peixes cultivados e, portanto, perdas econômicas significativas. O presente estudo investigou a eficácia do albendazol em banhos terapêuticos contra monogenéticos de Piaractus brachypomus Cuvier, 1818 e Megaleporinus macrocephalus (Garavello & Britski, 1988). Para ambos os peixes, um banho terapêutico de 24 horas com concentrações de albendazol de 150, 300 e 500 mg/L, foi testado contra monogenéticos nas brânquias. Os banhos tiveram eficácia 61,4 ± 32,9 (IC95%=64,5) contra monogenéticos de P. brachypomus, e de 95,4 ± 5.6 (IC95%=10.9) contra monogenéticos de M. macrocephalus. Em P. brachypomus, o índice hepatossomático (IHS) em peixes expostos a 150 mg/L de albendazol foi maior do que em peixes expostos a 300 mg/L. Os valores do índice esplenossomático (IES) em peixes expostos a 150 mg/L de albendazol foram menores do que em peixes expostos a 300 mg/L. Em M. macrocephalus, os valores de IHS e IES diminuíram nos tratamentos com 150, 300 e 500 mg/L de albendazol, para controlar e tratar infestações por monogenéticos. Para M. macrocephalus, 150 mg/L de albendazol pode ser usado para controlar e tratar infestações por monogenéticos, enquanto para P. brachypomus, 500 mg/L de albendazol pode ser usado em um banho de 24 horas.
Abstract Monogenean infestations can cause high mortality in farmed fish and therefore significant economic losses. The present study investigated the efficacy of albendazole in therapeutic baths against monogeneans of Piaractus brachypomus Cuvier, 1818 and Megaleporinus macrocephalus (Garavello & Britski, 1988). For both fish, a 24 hours therapeutic bath with albendazole concentrations of 150, 300 and 500 mg/L were tested against monogeneans from the gills. The baths had an efficacy from 61.4 ± 32.9 (95%CI=64.5) against monogeneans of P. brachypomus, and from 95.4 ± 5.6 (95%CI=10.9) against monogeneans of M. macrocephalus. In P. brachypomus, the hepatosomatic index (HSI) in fish exposed to 150 mg/L of albendazole was higher than in fish exposed to 300 mg/L. The splenosomatic index (SSI) values in fish exposed to 150 mg/L of albendazole were lower than in fish exposed to 300 mg/L. In M. macrocephalus, the HSI and SSI values decreased in treatments with 150, 300 and 500 mg/L of albendazole to control and treat infestations by monogeneans. For M. macrocephalus, 150 mg/L of albendazole can be used to control and treat infestations by monogeneans, while for P. brachypomus 500 mg/L of albendazole can be used in a 24 hours bath.
3.
The Program for Biodiversity Research in Brazil: The role of regional networks for biodiversity knowledge, dissemination, and conservation
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ROSA, CLARISSA
; BACCARO, FABRICIO
; CRONEMBERGER, CECILIA
; HIPÓLITO, JULIANA
; BARROS, CLAUDIA FRANCA
; RODRIGUES, DOMINGOS DE JESUS
; NECKEL-OLIVEIRA, SELVINO
; OVERBECK, GERHARD E.
; DRECHSLER-SANTOS, ELISANDRO RICARDO
; ANJOS, MARCELO RODRIGUES DOS
; FERREGUETTI, ÁTILLA C.
; AKAMA, ALBERTO
; MARTINS, MARLÚCIA BONIFÁCIO
; TOMAS, WALFRIDO MORAES
; SANTOS, SANDRA APARECIDA
; FERREIRA, VANDA LÚCIA
; CUNHA, CATIA NUNES DA
; PENHA, JERRY
; PINHO, JOÃO BATISTA DE
; SALIS, SUZANA MARIA
; DORIA, CAROLINA RODRIGUES DA COSTA
; PILLAR, VALÉRIO D.
; PODGAISKI, LUCIANA R.
; MENIN, MARCELO
; BÍGIO, NARCÍSIO COSTA
; ARAGÓN, SUSAN
; MANZATTO, ANGELO GILBERTO
; VÉLEZ-MARTIN, EDUARDO
; SILVA, ANA CAROLINA BORGES LINS E
; IZZO, THIAGO JUNQUEIRA
; MORTATI, AMANDA FREDERICO
; GIACOMIN, LEANDRO LACERDA
; ALMEIDA, THAÍS ELIAS
; ANDRÉ, THIAGO
; SILVEIRA, MARIA AUREA PINHEIRO DE ALMEIDA
; SILVEIRA, ANTÔNIO LAFFAYETE PIRES DA
; MESSIAS, MARILUCE REZENDE
; MARQUES, MARCIA C.M.
; PADIAL, ANDRE ANDRIAN
; MARQUES, RENATO
; BITAR, YOUSZEF O.C.
; SILVEIRA, MARCOS
; MORATO, ELDER FERREIRA
; PAGOTTO, RUBIANI DE CÁSSIA
; STRUSSMANN, CHRISTINE
; MACHADO, RICARDO BOMFIM
; AGUIAR, LUDMILLA MOURA DE SOUZA
; FERNANDES, GERALDO WILSON
; OKI, YUMI
; NOVAIS, SAMUEL
; FERREIRA, GUILHERME BRAGA
; BARBOSA, FLÁVIA RODRIGUES
; OCHOA, ANA C.
; MANGIONE, ANTONIO M.
; GATICA, AILIN
; CARRIZO, MARÍA CELINA
; RETTA, LUCÍA MARTINEZ
; JOFRÉ, LAURA E.
; CASTILLO, LUCIANA L.
; NEME, ANDREA M.
; RUEDA, CARLA
; TOLEDO, JOSÉ JULIO DE
; GRELLE, CARLOS EDUARDO VIVEIROS
; VALE, MARIANA M.
; VIEIRA, MARCUS VINICIUS
; CERQUEIRA, RUI
; HIGASHIKAWA, EMÍLIO MANABU
; MENDONÇA, FERNANDO PEREIRA DE
; GUERREIRO, QUÊZIA LEANDRO DE MOURA
; BANHOS, AUREO
; HERO, JEAN-MARC
; KOBLITZ, RODRIGO
; COLLEVATTI, ROSANE GARCIA
; SILVEIRA, LUÍS FÁBIO
; VASCONCELOS, HERALDO L.
; VIEIRA, CECÍLIA RODRIGUES
; COLLI, GUARINO RINALDI
; CECHIN, SONIA ZANINI
; SANTOS, TIAGO GOMES DOS
; FONTANA, CARLA S.
; JARENKOW, JOÃO A.
; MALABARBA, LUIZ R.
; RUEDA, MARTA P.
; ARAUJO, PUBLIO A.
; PALOMO, LUCAS
; ITURRE, MARTA C.
; BERGALLO, HELENA GODOY
; MAGNUSSON, WILLIAM E.
.
Abstract The Program for Biodiversity Research (PPBio) is an innovative program designed to integrate all biodiversity research stakeholders. Operating since 2004, it has installed long-term ecological research sites throughout Brazil and its logic has been applied in some other southern-hemisphere countries. The program supports all aspects of research necessary to understand biodiversity and the processes that affect it. There are presently 161 sampling sites (see some of them at Supplementary Appendix), most of which use a standardized methodology that allows comparisons across biomes and through time. To date, there are about 1200 publications associated with PPBio that cover topics ranging from natural history to genetics and species distributions. Most of the field data and metadata are available through PPBio web sites or DataONE. Metadata is available for researchers that intend to explore the different faces of Brazilian biodiversity spatio-temporal variation, as well as for managers intending to improve conservation strategies. The Program also fostered, directly and indirectly, local technical capacity building, and supported the training of hundreds of undergraduate and graduate students. The main challenge is maintaining the long-term funding necessary to understand biodiversity patterns and processes under pressure from global environmental changes.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120201604
1034 downloads
4.
Early liver function improvement following successful treatment of chronic hepatitis C in patients with decompensated cirrhosis: a real-life study
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Lourenço, Mariana Sandoval
; Zitelli, Patricia Momoyo Y.
; Cunha-Silva, Marlone
; Oliveira, Arthur Ivan N.
; Lima, Roque Gabriel Rezende de
; Souza, Evandro de Oliveira
; Oliveira, Claudia P.
; Sevá-Pereira, Tiago
; Carrilho, Flair J.
; Pessoa, Mario G.
; Mazo, Daniel F.
.
OBJECTIVES: Despite higher rates of sustained virologic response (SVR), important concerns remain when patients with decompensated cirrhosis due to hepatitis C virus (HCV) are treated with direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA). Questions include efficacy, safety, and the magnitude of liver function improvement. Here, we aimed to evaluate HCV treatment data in this specific population in Brazil. METHODS: We included 85 patients with decompensated cirrhosis submitted to HCV therapy with DAA followed at two academic tertiary centers in the southeastern region of Brazil. RESULTS: Seventy-nine patients (92.9%) were Child-Pugh (CP) score B, and six (7.1%) were CP score C. The mean MELD score was 12.86. The most common treatment was sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir±ribavirin for 24 weeks. The overall intention-to-treat (ITT) SVR rate was 87.4% (74/85) and modified-ITT 96.1% (74/77). ITT SVR was associated with lower baseline INR values (p=0.029). Adverse events (AE) occurred in 57.9% (44/76) of patients. Serious AE were reported in 12.8% (10/78), and were related to the presence of hepatic encephalopathy (p=0.027). SVR was associated with improvement in CP (p<0.0001) and MELD scores (p=0.021). Among baseline CP score B patients with SVR, 46% (29/63) regressed to CP score A. Ascites was independently associated with no improvement in liver function in patients who achieved SVR (p=0.001; OR:39.285; 95% CI:4.301-258.832). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with decompensated HCV cirrhosis showed a high SVR rate with interferon-free therapy. Early liver function improvement occurred after successful HCV eradication. However, long-term follow-up of these patients after SVR remains strongly advised.
5.
Desempeño silvicultural de Plathymenia reticulata con adición de fósforo en el Bosque Atlántico, Brasil
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Araújo, Emanuel França
; Carreço, Ray Luiz Babilon
; Silva, Jeferson Pereira Martins
; Carvalho, Marília Braz de
; Bighi, Kelly Nery
; Gonçalves, Elzimar de Oliveira
; Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler
; Godinho, Tiago de Oliveira
.
Abstract The objective of this study was to analyse the initial medium-term growth of a P. reticulata settlement under different phosphorus doses. The experiment was carried out in an area of Atlantic Forest, Sooretama, Northern Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Five doses of P per each tree (0 g, 27 g, 47 g, 67 g and 87 g) were tested in a randomized block design with three replicates and 18 plants per plot. At 3 months, 9 months and 15 months, height and diameter were measured at the soil level. At 36 months height, diameter at breast height, survival, basal area, and nutritional evaluation of the trees were measured. A logistic model was also used to model the growth in height of individual trees and a logistic model considering fixed effects and mixed form (fixed and random effects), in order to verify if the inclusion of the random effect (tree) would result in gains in terms of accuracy in the estimation of the future height of P. reticulata trees. The species presents potential for use in reforestation programs under edaphoclimatic conditions tested and under similar conditions. The species was not very demanding in P, and the addition of this nutrient promotes negative effects on its growth in the short and medium term. Regarding the model of growth in height, the logistic model adjusted in the mixed form showed to be superior to the traditional adjustment.
Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el crecimiento inicial a mediano plazo de un asentamiento de P. reticulata bajo diferentes dosis de fósforo. El experimento se llevó a cabo en un área del Bosque Atlántico, Sooretama, norte del estado de Espírito Santo, Brasil. Se probaron cinco dosis de P por árbol (0 g, 27 g, 47 g, 67 g y 87 g) en un diseño de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones y 18 plantas por parcela. A los 3 meses, 9 meses y 15 meses se midió la altura y el diámetro a nivel del suelo. A los 36 meses de la siembra, se midió el diámetro a la altura del pecho, la supervivencia y el área basal y se hizo una evaluación nutricional de los árboles. También se utilizó un modelo logístico para modelar el crecimiento en altura de árboles individuales y el modelo logístico considerando efectos fijos y forma mixta (efectos fijos y aleatorios) para verificar si la inclusión del efecto aleatorio (árbol) resultaría en ganancias en términos de precisión en la estimación de la altura futura de los árboles de P. reticulata. La especie presenta potencial para su uso en programas de reforestación en condiciones edafoclimáticas probadas y en condiciones similares. La especie no fue muy exigente en fósforo y la adición de este nutriente promovió efectos negativos en su crecimiento a corto y mediano plazo. Con respecto al modelo de crecimiento en altura, el modelo logístico ajustado en forma mixta mostró ser superior al ajuste tradicional.
https://doi.org/10.21829/myb.2021.2722042
21 downloads
6.
Comparative analyses of three swallow species (Aves, Passeriformes, Hirundinidae): Insights on karyotype evolution and genomic organization
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Barcellos, Suziane Alves
; Kretschmer, Rafael
; Souza, Marcelo Santos de
; Costa, Alice Lemos
; Degrandi, Tiago Marafiga
; Lopes, Cassiane Furlan
; Ferguson-Smith, Malcolm A.
; Pereira, Jorge
; Oliveira, Edivaldo Herculano Correa de
; Gunski, Ricardo José
; Garnero, Analía del Valle
.
Abstract Despite the richness of species in the Hirudinidae family, little is known about the genome organization of swallows. The Progne tapera species presents genetic and morphological difference when compared to other members of the same genus. Hence, the aims of this study were to analyze the chromosomal evolution of three species Progne tapera, Progne chalybea and Pygochelidon cyanoleuca - by comparative chromosome painting using two sets of probes, Gallus gallus and Zenaida auriculata, in order to determine chromosome homologies and the relationship between these species. All karyotypes exhibited 76 chromosomes with similar morphology, except for the 5th, 6th and 7th chromosome pairs in P. cyanoleuca. Additionally, comparative chromosome painting demonstrated the same hybridization pattern in the two Progne, which was similar to the putative avian ancestral karyotype, except for the centric fission in the first pair, as found in other Passeriformes. Thus, these data display a close relationship between the Progne species. Although P. cyanoleuca demonstrated the same fission in the first pair of the ancestral syntenic (GGA1), it also showed an additional chromosomal rearrangement for this species, namely a fusion with a microchromosome in the seventh pair.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0232
756 downloads
7.
Determination of Colchicine in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Urine by Multiple-Pulse Amperometric Detection in an FIA System Using Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode
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Moreira, Débora A. R.
; Oliveira, Fernando M. de
; Pimentel, Dilton M.
; Guedes, Tiago J.
; Luz, Rita C. S.
; Damos, Flávio S.
; Pereira, Arnaldo C.
; Silva, Rodrigo A. B. da
; Santos, Wallans T. P. dos
.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
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This work presents a simple and fast method for colchicine (CO) determination in pharmaceutical formulations and urine by multiple pulse amperometry (MPA) with flow injection analysis (FIA) system using a boron-doped diamond electrode. In optimized conditions, it was possible to quantify CO in urine samples without interference of uric acid and ascorbic acid. The working linear range for CO quantification was achieved from 1.0 × 10-7 to 0.5 × 10-3mol L-1 with a low limit of detection of 2.14 × 10-8mol L-1. Furthermore, the proposed method showed high repeatability for 10 consecutive injections of 1.0 × 10-4mol L-1 CO (relative standard deviation = 1.28%) and good analytical frequency (30 determinations per hour). The addition and recovery studies in all pharmaceutical samples were approximately 100% and the results for CO determination were compared by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection.
https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20180055
798 downloads
8.
Decisions about deep brain stimulation therapy in Parkinson’s disease
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Brandão, Pedro
; Grippe, Talyta Cortez
; Modesto, Luiz Cláudio
; Ferreira, André Gustavo Fonseca
; Silva, Flávia Martins da
; Pereira, Flávio Faria
; Lobo, Marcelo Evangelista
; Allam, Nasser
; Freitas, Tiago da Silva
; Munhoz, Renato P.
.
RESUMO A doença de Parkinson pode ser tratada cirurgicamente em pacientes que desenvolveram complicações motoras, como flutuações e discinesias, ou tremores refratários ao uso de medicação. Nesta revisão, um grupo de especialistas formulou sugestões para um protocolo de avaliação pré-operatória, depois de revisar a literatura publicada até outubro de 2017. Neste protocolo, são sugeridos critérios de elegibilidade e inadmissibilidade para tratamento cirúrgico, bem como procedimentos que devem ser realizados antes das decisões terapêuticas multidisciplinares. A revisão enfatiza a necessidade de estabelecer “equipes de DBS”, com profissionais dedicados especialmente a esta área. Ao final, a seleção do alvo cirúrgico (núcleo subtalâmico ou globo pálido interno) é discutida brevemente, ponderando prós e contras de cada escolha.
ABSTRACT Parkinson’s disease can be treated surgically in patients who present with motor complications such as fluctuations and dyskinesias, or medically-refractory disabling tremor. In this review, a group of specialists formulated suggestions for a preoperative evaluation protocol after reviewing the literature published up to October 2017. In this protocol, eligibility and ineligibility criteria for surgical treatment were suggested, as well as procedures that should be carried out before the multidisciplinary therapeutic decisions. The review emphasizes the need to establish “DBS teams”, with professionals dedicated specifically to this area. Finally, surgical target selection (subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus internus) is discussed briefly, weighing the pros and cons of each target.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20180048
4341 downloads
9.
Multiple genes contribute to anhydrobiosis (tolerance to extreme desiccation) in the nematode Panagrolaimus superbus
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Evangelista, Cláudia Carolina Silva
; Guidelli, Giovanna Vieira
; Borges, Gustavo
; Araujo, Thais Fenz
; Souza, Tiago Alves Jorge de
; Neves, Ubiraci Pereira da Costa
; Tunnacliffe, Alan
; Pereira, Tiago Campos
.
Abstract The molecular basis of anhydrobiosis, the state of suspended animation entered by some species during extreme desiccation, is still poorly understood despite a number of transcriptome and proteome studies. We therefore conducted functional screening by RNA interference (RNAi) for genes involved in anhydrobiosis in the holo-anhydrobiotic nematode Panagrolaimus superbus. A new method of survival analysis, based on staining, and proof-of-principle RNAi experiments confirmed a role for genes involved in oxidative stress tolerance, while a novel medium-scale RNAi workflow identified a further 40 anhydrobiosis-associated genes, including several involved in proteostasis, DNA repair and signal transduction pathways. This suggests that multiple genes contribute to anhydrobiosis in P. superbus.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0030
1638 downloads
10.
Reação de genótipos de abóbora e morangas a Phytophthora capsici
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Pereira, Ricardo B
; Aguiar, Frederick M
; Torres, Tiago B
; Amaro, Geovani Bernardo
; Lucas, Gilvaine C
; Pinheiro, Jadir B
.
RESUMO Phytophthora capsici causa prejuízos significativos em cultivos de abóbora (Cucurbita moschata) e morangas (Cucurbita maxima), incluindo a podridão de raízes e coroa, o crestamento foliar e a podridão de frutos, o que pode resultar em até 100% de perdas na produção. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a reação de genótipos de abóboras e morangas a P. capsici. Inicialmente um experimento foi realizado para avaliar a agressividade de isolados de P. capsici de diferentes regiões. Posteriormente, dois experimentos foram realizados em casa de vegetação com 16 genótipos de C. moschata e sete de C. maxima em anos distintos, utilizando os isolados PCA 40 e PCA 43, identificados como os mais agressivos em teste preliminar. Como testemunhas foram utilizadas a cultivar híbrida Jabras e a cultivar de pimentão Cascadura Ikeda (padrões de suscetibilidade ao patógeno). Os genótipos foram semeados em vasos contendo solo autoclavado. Quatorze dias após, as plantas foram inoculadas mediante a deposição de 3,0 mL de suspensão a 2,0x104 zoósporos/mL no solo, próximo ao coleto das plantas. A incidência da doença foi avaliada 8 dias após a inoculação. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições e parcelas de quatro plantas. Os genótipos apresentaram diferentes níveis de resistência à doença, TX 10350, PHYT-043, CNPH-3001-1 e MAM-2523-1 se destacaram por apresentarem maior resistência à doença em ambos os experimentos. Contudo, nenhum dos genótipos apresentou resistência completa. Os resultados indicam o uso promissor destes genótipos para a obtenção de linhagens resistentes, visando a obtenção de cultivares híbridas resistentes à podridão de fitóftora.
ABSTRACT Phytophthora capsici causes significant losses in squash (Cucurbita moschata) and butternut squash (Cucurbita maxima), including root and crown rot, leaf blight and fruit rot, which can result in up to 100% loss in production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reaction of squash and butternut squash genotypes to P. capsici. Initially an experiment was conducted to evaluate the aggressiveness of isolates of P. capsici from different regions. Later two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse with 16 genotypes of C. moschata and seven of C. maxima in different years, using the most aggressive isolates, PCA 40 and PCA 43 identified as the most aggressive in a preliminary test. As control we used the hybrid cultivar Jabras and the pepper cultivar Cascadura Ikeda (susceptibility patterns to the pathogen). The genotypes were sown in pots of four liters containing autoclaved soil. Fourteen days later, plants were inoculated by depositing 3.0 mL of the suspension of 2.0x104 zoospores/mL in the soil, near to plant stem. The disease incidence was evaluated 8 days after inoculation. The experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with five replicates of four plants. The genotypes showed different levels of disease resistance, TX 10350, PHYT-043, CNPH-3001-1 and MAM-2523-1 stood out because they showed greater degree of resistance to P. capsici in both trials. However, none of the genotypes showed complete resistance. The results indicate the promising use of these genotypes to obtain resistant lines, aiming to obtain hybrid cultivars resistant to Phytophthora root rot.
https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620170419
912 downloads
11.
Growth and production of dwarf coconut in saline-sodic soil under doses of potassium sulfate
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Pereira, Tiago de A.
; Souto, Lauter S.
; Sá, Francisco V. da S.
; Dutra Filho, João A.
; Souza, Tarso M. A. de
; Paiva, Emanoela P. de
.
Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental
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RESUMO Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar a influência de doses de sulfato de potássio aplicado via solo no crescimento e produção do coqueiro anão verde (Cocos nucifera L.) cultivado em solo salino-sódico. O experimento foi conduzido durante os meses de janeiro de 2013 a janeiro de 2016, em pomar comercial, no Setor 7 das Várzeas de Sousa, PB, em Vertissolo Ebânico. Utilizaram-se plantas de coqueiro pertencentes à variedade anã verde, espaçadas em formato retangular 7,0 x 7,0 m, iniciando o terceiro ano em fase de estabilização de produção. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados avaliando cinco doses de sulfato de potássio (K2SO4) (0; 0,52; 1,04; 2,08 e 4,16 kg planta-1 ano-1), com quatro repetições, sendo quatro plantas úteis por repetição totalizando 20 unidades experimentais. As doses de K2SO4 influenciaram positivamente o crescimento e a produção do coqueiro anão verde em solo salino-sódico. O maior crescimento em altura e diâmetro da estirpe do coqueiro foi obtido sob a dose de 4,16 kg planta-1 ano-1 de K2SO4. Os maiores frutos e volume de água no primeiro ano de produção foram obtidos com as quantidades aplicadas de 2,08 a 2,81 kg planta-1 ano-1 de K2SO4.
ABSTRACT The objective was to study the influence of potassium sulfate doses applied to the soil on the growth and production of green dwarf coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) grown in saline-sodic soil. The experiment was conducted from January 2013 to January 2016, in a commercial plantation in the Sector 7 of the ‘Várzeas de Sousa’ Irrigation District, PB, Brazil, in saline-sodic Ebanic Vertisol. The experiment used coconut plants belonging to green dwarf variety, arranged in a 7.0 x 7.0 m rectangular shape, starting the third year in the production stabilization stage. The adopted experimental design was randomized blocks, evaluating five doses of potassium sulfate (K2SO4) (0, 0.52, 1.04, 2.08 and 4.16 kg plant-1 year-1), with four replicates of four plants each, totaling 20 experimental units. The K2SO4 doses positively influenced the growth and production of green dwarf coconut trees in saline-sodic soil. The highest growth in height and diameter of this coconut variety was obtained at the K2SO4 dose of 4.16 kg plant-1 year-1. The largest fruits and water volume in the first year of production were obtained with K2SO4 doses from 2.08 to 2.81 kg plant-1 year-1.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n7p454-458
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12.
Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil
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Zappi, Daniela C.
; Filardi, Fabiana L. Ranzato
; Leitman, Paula
; Souza, Vinícius C.
; Walter, Bruno M.T.
; Pirani, José R.
; Morim, Marli P.
; Queiroz, Luciano P.
; Cavalcanti, Taciana B.
; Mansano, Vidal F.
; Forzza, Rafaela C.
; Abreu, Maria C.
; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro
; Agra, Maria F.
; Almeida Jr., Eduardo B.
; Almeida, Gracineide S.S.
; Almeida, Rafael F.
; Alves, Flávio M.
; Alves, Marccus
; Alves-Araujo, Anderson
; Amaral, Maria C.E.
; Amorim, André M.
; Amorim, Bruno
; Andrade, Ivanilza M.
; Andreata, Regina H.P.
; Andrino, Caroline O.
; Anunciação, Elisete A.
; Aona, Lidyanne Y.S.
; Aranguren, Yani
; Aranha Filho, João L.M.
; Araújo, Andrea O.
; Araújo, Ariclenes A.M.
; Araújo, Diogo
; Arbo, María M.
; Assis, Leandro
; Assis, Marta C.
; Assunção, Vivian A.
; Athiê-Souza, Sarah M.
; Azevedo, Cecilia O.
; Baitello, João B.
; Barberena, Felipe F.V.A.
; Barbosa, Maria R.V.
; Barros, Fábio
; Barros, Lucas A.V.
; Barros, Michel J.F.
; Baumgratz, José F.A.
; Bernacci, Luis C.
; Berry, Paul E.
; Bigio, Narcísio C.
; Biral, Leonardo
; Bittrich, Volker
; Borges, Rafael A.X.
; Bortoluzzi, Roseli L.C.
; Bove, Cláudia P.
; Bovini, Massimo G.
; Braga, João M.A.
; Braz, Denise M.
; Bringel Jr., João B.A.
; Bruniera, Carla P.
; Buturi, Camila V.
; Cabral, Elza
; Cabral, Fernanda N.
; Caddah, Mayara K.
; Caires, Claudenir S.
; Calazans, Luana S.B.
; Calió, Maria F.
; Camargo, Rodrigo A.
; Campbell, Lisa
; Canto-Dorow, Thais S.
; Carauta, Jorge P.P.
; Cardiel, José M.
; Cardoso, Domingos B.O.S.
; Cardoso, Leandro J.T.
; Carneiro, Camila R.
; Carneiro, Cláudia E.
; Carneiro-Torres, Daniela S.
; Carrijo, Tatiana T.
; Caruzo, Maria B.R.
; Carvalho, Maria L.S.
; Carvalho-Silva, Micheline
; Castello, Ana C.D.
; Cavalheiro, Larissa
; Cervi, Armando C.
; Chacon, Roberta G.
; Chautems, Alain
; Chiavegatto, Berenice
; Chukr, Nádia S.
; Coelho, Alexa A.O.P.
; Coelho, Marcus A.N.
; Coelho, Rubens L.G.
; Cordeiro, Inês
; Cordula, Elizabeth
; Cornejo, Xavier
; Côrtes, Ana L.A.
; Costa, Andrea F.
; Costa, Fabiane N.
; Costa, Jorge A.S.
; Costa, Leila C.
; Costa-e-Silva, Maria B.
; Costa-Lima, James L.
; Cota, Maria R.C.
; Couto, Ricardo S.
; Daly, Douglas C.
; De Stefano, Rodrigo D.
; De Toni, Karen
; Dematteis, Massimiliano
; Dettke, Greta A.
; Di Maio, Fernando R.
; Dórea, Marcos C.
; Duarte, Marília C.
; Dutilh, Julie H.A.
; Dutra, Valquíria F.
; Echternacht, Lívia
; Eggers, Lilian
; Esteves, Gerleni
; Ezcurra, Cecilia
; Falcão Junior, Marcus J.A.
; Feres, Fabíola
; Fernandes, José M.
; Ferreira, D.M.C.
; Ferreira, Fabrício M.
; Ferreira, Gabriel E.
; Ferreira, Priscila P.A.
; Ferreira, Silvana C.
; Ferrucci, Maria S.
; Fiaschi, Pedro
; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.
; Firens, Marcela
; Flores, Andreia S.
; Forero, Enrique
; Forster, Wellington
; Fortuna-Perez, Ana P.
; Fortunato, Reneé H.
; Fraga, Cléudio N.
; França, Flávio
; Francener, Augusto
; Freitas, Joelcio
; Freitas, Maria F.
; Fritsch, Peter W.
; Furtado, Samyra G.
; Gaglioti, André L.
; Garcia, Flávia C.P.
; Germano Filho, Pedro
; Giacomin, Leandro
; Gil, André S.B.
; Giulietti, Ana M.
; A.P.Godoy, Silvana
; Goldenberg, Renato
; Gomes da Costa, Géssica A.
; Gomes, Mário
; Gomes-Klein, Vera L.
; Gonçalves, Eduardo Gomes
; Graham, Shirley
; Groppo, Milton
; Guedes, Juliana S.
; Guimarães, Leonardo R.S.
; Guimarães, Paulo J.F.
; Guimarães, Elsie F.
; Gutierrez, Raul
; Harley, Raymond
; Hassemer, Gustavo
; Hattori, Eric K.O.
; Hefler, Sonia M.
; Heiden, Gustavo
; Henderson, Andrew
; Hensold, Nancy
; Hiepko, Paul
; Holanda, Ana S.S.
; Iganci, João R.V.
; Imig, Daniela C.
; Indriunas, Alexandre
; Jacques, Eliane L.
; Jardim, Jomar G.
; Kamer, Hiltje M.
; Kameyama, Cíntia
; Kinoshita, Luiza S.
; Kirizawa, Mizué
; Klitgaard, Bente B.
; Koch, Ingrid
; Koschnitzke, Cristiana
; Krauss, Nathália P.
; Kriebel, Ricardo
; Kuntz, Juliana
; Larocca, João
; Leal, Eduardo S.
; Lewis, Gwilym P.
; Lima, Carla T.
; Lima, Haroldo C.
; Lima, Itamar B.
; Lima, Laíce F.G.
; Lima, Laura C.P.
; Lima, Leticia R.
; Lima, Luís F.P.
; Lima, Rita B.
; Lírio, Elton J.
; Liro, Renata M.
; Lleras, Eduardo
; Lobão, Adriana
; Loeuille, Benoit
; Lohmann, Lúcia G.
; Loiola, Maria I.B.
; Lombardi, Julio A.
; Longhi-Wagner, Hilda M.
; Lopes, Rosana C.
; Lorencini, Tiago S.
; Louzada, Rafael B.
; Lovo, Juliana
; Lozano, Eduardo D.
; Lucas, Eve
; Ludtke, Raquel
; Luz, Christian L.
; Maas, Paul
; Machado, Anderson F.P.
; Macias, Leila
; Maciel, Jefferson R.
; Magenta, Mara A.G.
; Mamede, Maria C.H.
; Manoel, Evelin A.
; Marchioretto, Maria S.
; Marques, Juliana S.
; Marquete, Nilda
; Marquete, Ronaldo
; Martinelli, Gustavo
; Martins da Silva, Regina C.V.
; Martins, Ângela B.
; Martins, Erika R.
; Martins, Márcio L.L.
; Martins, Milena V.
; Martins, Renata C.
; Matias, Ligia Q.
; Maya-L., Carlos A.
; Mayo, Simon
; Mazine, Fiorella
; Medeiros, Debora
; Medeiros, Erika S.
; Medeiros, Herison
; Medeiros, João D.
; Meireles, José E.
; Mello-Silva, Renato
; Melo, Aline
; Melo, André L.
; Melo, Efigênia
; Melo, José I.M.
; Menezes, Cristine G.
; Menini Neto, Luiz
; Mentz, Lilian A.
; Mezzonato, A.C.
; Michelangeli, Fabián A.
; Milward-de-Azevedo, Michaele A.
; Miotto, Silvia T.S.
; Miranda, Vitor F.O.
; Mondin, Cláudio A.
; Monge, Marcelo
; Monteiro, Daniele
; Monteiro, Raquel F.
; Moraes, Marta D.
; Moraes, Pedro L.R.
; Mori, Scott A.
; Mota, Aline C.
; Mota, Nara F.O.
; Moura, Tania M.
; Mulgura, Maria
; Nakajima, Jimi N.
; Nardy, Camila
; Nascimento Júnior, José E.
; Noblick, Larry
; Nunes, Teonildes S.
; O'Leary, Nataly
; Oliveira, Arline S.
; Oliveira, Caetano T.
; Oliveira, Juliana A.
; Oliveira, Luciana S.D.
; Oliveira, Maria L.A.A.
; Oliveira, Regina C.
; Oliveira, Renata S.
; Oliveira, Reyjane P.
; Paixão-Souza, Bruno
; Parra, Lara R.
; Pasini, Eduardo
; Pastore, José F.B.
; Pastore, Mayara
; Paula-Souza, Juliana
; Pederneiras, Leandro C.
; Peixoto, Ariane L.
; Pelissari, Gisela
; Pellegrini, Marco O.O.
; Pennington, Toby
; Perdiz, Ricardo O.
; Pereira, Anna C.M.
; Pereira, Maria S.
; Pereira, Rodrigo A.S.
; Pessoa, Clenia
; Pessoa, Edlley M.
; Pessoa, Maria C.R.
; Pinto, Luiz J.S.
; Pinto, Rafael B.
; Pontes, Tiago A.
; Prance, Ghillean T.
; Proença, Carolyn
; Profice, Sheila R.
; Pscheidt, Allan C.
; Queiroz, George A.
; Queiroz, Rubens T.
; Quinet, Alexandre
; Rainer, Heimo
; Ramos, Eliana
; Rando, Juliana G.
; Rapini, Alessandro
; Reginato, Marcelo
; Reis, Ilka P.
; Reis, Priscila A.
; Ribeiro, André R.O.
; Ribeiro, José E.L.S.
; Riina, Ricarda
; Ritter, Mara R.
; Rivadavia, Fernando
; Rocha, Antônio E.S.
; Rocha, Maria J.R.
; Rodrigues, Izabella M.C.
; Rodrigues, Karina F.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Vinícius T.
; Rodrigues, William
; Romaniuc Neto, Sérgio
; Romão, Gerson O.
; Romero, Rosana
; Roque, Nádia
; Rosa, Patrícia
; Rossi, Lúcia
; Sá, Cyl F.C.
; Saavedra, Mariana M.
; Saka, Mariana
; Sakuragui, Cássia M.
; Salas, Roberto M.
; Sales, Margareth F.
; Salimena, Fatima R.G.
; Sampaio, Daniela
; Sancho, Gisela
; Sano, Paulo T.
; Santos, Alessandra
; Santos, Élide P.
; Santos, Juliana S.
; Santos, Marianna R.
; Santos-Gonçalves, Ana P.
; Santos-Silva, Fernanda
; São-Mateus, Wallace
; Saraiva, Deisy P.
; Saridakis, Dennis P.
; Sartori, Ângela L.B.
; Scalon, Viviane R.
; Schneider, Ângelo
; Sebastiani, Renata
; Secco, Ricardo S.
; Senna, Luisa
; Senna-Valle, Luci
; Shirasuna, Regina T.
; Silva Filho, Pedro J.S.
; Silva, Anádria S.
; Silva, Christian
; Silva, Genilson A.R.
; Silva, Gisele O.
; Silva, Márcia C.R.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Otávio L.M.
; Silva, Rafaela A.P.
; Silva, Saura R.
; Silva, Tania R.S.
; Silva-Gonçalves, Kelly C.
; Silva-Luz, Cíntia L.
; Simão-Bianchini, Rosângela
; Simões, André O.
; Simpson, Beryl
; Siniscalchi, Carolina M.
; Siqueira Filho, José A.
; Siqueira, Carlos E.
; Siqueira, Josafá C.
; Smith, Nathan P.
; Snak, Cristiane
; Soares Neto, Raimundo L.
; Soares, Kelen P.
; Soares, Marcos V.B.
; Soares, Maria L.
; Soares, Polyana N.
; Sobral, Marcos
; Sodré, Rodolfo C.
; Somner, Genise V.
; Sothers, Cynthia A.
; Sousa, Danilo J.L.
; Souza, Elnatan B.
; Souza, Élvia R.
; Souza, Marcelo
; Souza, Maria L.D.R.
; Souza-Buturi, Fátima O.
; Spina, Andréa P.
; Stapf, María N.S.
; Stefano, Marina V.
; Stehmann, João R.
; Steinmann, Victor
; Takeuchi, Cátia
; Taylor, Charlotte M.
; Taylor, Nigel P.
; Teles, Aristônio M.
; Temponi, Lívia G.
; Terra-Araujo, Mário H.
; Thode, Veronica
; Thomas, W.Wayt
; Tissot-Squalli, Mara L.
; Torke, Benjamin M.
; Torres, Roseli B.
; Tozzi, Ana M.G.A.
; Trad, Rafaela J.
; Trevisan, Rafael
; Trovó, Marcelo
; Valls, José F.M.
; Vaz, Angela M.S.F.
; Versieux, Leonardo
; Viana, Pedro L.
; Vianna Filho, Marcelo D.M.
; Vieira, Ana O.S.
; Vieira, Diego D.
; Vignoli-Silva, Márcia
; Vilar, Thaisa
; Vinhos, Franklin
; Wallnöfer, Bruno
; Wanderley, Maria G.L.
; Wasshausen, Dieter
; Watanabe, Maurício T.C.
; Weigend, Maximilian
; Welker, Cassiano A.D.
; Woodgyer, Elizabeth
; Xifreda, Cecilia C.
; Yamamoto, Kikyo
; Zanin, Ana
; Zenni, Rafael D.
; Zickel, Carmem S
.
Resumo Um levantamento atualizado das plantas com sementes e análises relevantes acerca desta biodiversidade são apresentados. Este trabalho se iniciou em 2010 com a publicação do Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos e, desde então vem sendo atualizado por mais de 430 especialistas trabalhando online. O Brasil abriga atualmente 32.086 espécies nativas de Angiospermas e 23 espécies nativas de Gimnospermas e estes novos dados mostram um aumento de 3% da riqueza em relação a 2010. A Amazônia é o Domínio Fitogeográfico com o maior número de espécies de Gimnospermas, enquanto que a Floresta Atlântica possui a maior riqueza de Angiospermas. Houve um crescimento considerável no número de espécies e nas taxas de endemismo para a maioria dos Domínios (Caatinga, Cerrado, Floresta Atlântica, Pampa e Pantanal), com exceção da Amazônia que apresentou uma diminuição de 2,5% de endemicidade. Entretanto, a maior parte das plantas com sementes que ocorrem no Brasil (57,4%) é endêmica deste território. A proporção de formas de vida varia de acordo com os diferentes Domínios: árvores são mais expressivas na Amazônia e Floresta Atlântica do que nos outros biomas, ervas são dominantes no Pampa e as lianas apresentam riqueza expressiva na Amazônia, Floresta Atlântica e Pantanal. Este trabalho não só quantifica a biodiversidade brasileira, mas também indica as lacunas de conhecimento e o desafio a ser enfrentado para a conservação desta flora.
Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411
33340 downloads
13.
Pyrethroid toxicity in silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen
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Montanha, Francisco P.
; Galeb, Luciana A.G.
; Mikos, Jorge D.
; Ganeco, Luciana N.
; Pereira, Tiago P.
; Tanaka, Anne
; Kirschnik, Peter G.
; Pimpão, Cláudia T.
.
O presente estudo teve o objetivo de determinar a concentração letal e subletal da cipermetrina por via hídrica em 96 horas em jundiás (Rhamdia quelen) jovens, determinar a concentração subletal da cipermetrina e da deltametrina durante o período inicial do desenvolvimento embrionário do Rhamdia quelen e verificar suas respectivas taxas de fertilização, eclosão e sobrevivência. Os piretróides são inseticidas amplamente utilizados atualmente e apresentam alta toxicidade para peixes. Para determinação da concentração letal e subletal foram utilizados 120 jundiás com peso médio de 59,58±4,50g e comprimento médio de 20,33±2,34cm. As concentrações utilizadas foram 0; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0; 5,0; 10,0; 15,0 e 20,0mg de cipermetrina por litro de água (mg/L). Os peixes foram expostos ao produto dentro de aquários com capacidade para 30 litros. Em cada aquário foram colocados quatro peixes e cada tratamento teve três repetições, totalizando doze peixes por tratamento. Para determinar a concentração subletal da cipermetrina e deltametrina na fase de desenvolvimento embrionário foi realizada a indução da ovulação em fêmeas de jundiá através de hormônios, com posterior coleta dos ovos. Os ovos foram hidratados e fertilizados em soluções de cipermetrina e deltametrina em diferentes concentrações, sendo estas: 0,001; 0,01; 0,1; 1,0 e 10,0mg/L para cipermetrina e 0,001; 0,01; 0,1; 0,5 e 1,0mg/L para deltametrina, além do grupo controle (0mg/L). Após a fertilização, os ovos permaneceram em recipientes com os respectivos pesticidas até o momento da eclosão onde foi analisada a taxa de eclosão. Em seguida as larvas, a partir da eclosão dos ovos, foram mantidas nas respectivas concentrações de cipermetrina e deltametrina para analisar a taxa de sobrevivência frente aos inseticidas testados, durante 12 e 24 horas. Em relação as concentrações letais e subletais de jundiás jovens, estes apresentaram-se sensíveis à cipermetrina nas concentrações testadas, apresentando sinais de intoxicação como perda de equilíbrio, alteração na natação, dispnéia mantendo a boca e os opérculos abertos, nados verticais e movimentos súbitos de natação em forma de espiral. A intensidade destes sinais variou proporcionalmente a concentração utilizada. As concentrações acima de 3,0mg/L foram consideradas letais para a espécie em 96 horas, pois todos os animais expostos a concentrações entre 3,0 e 20,0mg/L vieram a óbito, enquanto que as concentrações entre 1,0 e 2,5mg/L são subletais. A CL50 96 horas da cipermetrina para o jundiá foi 1,71mg/L. Em relação aos efeitos da cipermetrina e deltametrina sobre a fase de desenvolvimento embrionário, os resultados mostraram que ambos os piretróides diminuíram significativamente os parâmetros analisados em comparação com o grupo controle. Conclui-se que mesmo o jundiá mostrando ser mais resistente aos piretróides em comparação com outras espécies, tanto animais jovens como animais em fase de desenvolvimento embrionário mostraram-se sensíveis aos efeitos destes pesticidas.
This study aimed to determine both the lethal and sublethal concentrations of Cypermethrin in young Silver Catfish (Brazilian "Jundiá", Rhamdia quelen) on aquatic environment during 96 hours, as well as to determine the Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin sublethal concentrations during the initial embryonic development period of Rhamdia quelen, and to verify their respective rates of fertilization, hatching and survival. Pyrethroid nowadays is a widely used insecticide, which presents a high toxicity to fish. In order to determine lethal and sublethal concentrations, 120 silver catfish were used; each one had an average weight of 59.58±4.50g and an average size of 20.33±2.34cm. Concentrations used were 0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0mg of Cypermethrin per liter of water (mg/L). Fish were exposed to the product in 30-liter fish tanks. In each fish tank there were four fishes and the product was applied three times, i.e., a total of twelve fish were exposed to the product at each application, and a total of 120 fish during the entire experiment (n=120). In order to determine the Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin sublethal concentrations during the initial embryonic development, ovulation induction was performed on female fishes using hormones, and then and egg collection was performed. The eggs were then hydrated and fertilized in Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin in different concentrations: 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0mg/L of Cypermethrin and 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0mg/L of Deltamethrin, in addition to the control group (0mg/L). After fertilization, the eggs were kept in containers with the respective pesticides of Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin until hatching, when hatching rate was verified. Then the alevins, from the hatching, were kept on their respective concentrations of Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin so that the survival rate could be analyzed regarding the tested insecticides, during both 12-hour and 24-hour periods. Concerning the sublethal and lethal concentrations, Silver Catfish was sensitive to the tested concentrations of Cypermethrin, showing symptoms of poisoning, such as loss of balance, swimming alteration, dyspnea (they kept their mouths and opercula open), upright swimming and sudden spiral swimming movements. The intensity of such symptoms varied in proportion to the concentration used. The concentrations above 3.0mg/L were considered lethal to the species, since every animal exposed to concentrations between 3.0 and 20.0mg/L had died, while concentrations between 1.0 and 2.5mg/L were considered sublethal. Lethal concentration of Cypermethrin to Silver catfish, in 96 hours, was 1.71 milligram per liter of water. Concerning the sublethal concentration of Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin during the initial embryonic development, the results show that both pyrethroids had significantly decreased the analyzed parameters when comparing them with the control group. It was concluded that, even with the fish being more resistant to pyrethroids in comparison with other species, both the young animals and the ones in stage of embryonic development were susceptible to the effects of these pesticides.
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14.
Preparation, characterisation and evaluation of brazilian clay-based catalysts for use in esterification reactions
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Rezende, Michelle J. C.
; Pereira, Mírian S. C.
; Santos, Gabriel F. N.
; Aroeira, Gabriel O. P.
; Albuquerque Jr., Tiago C.
; Suarez, Paulo A. Z.
; Pinto, Angelo C.
.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
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Catalisadores a base de argilas naturais brasileiras foram preparados, caracterizados, e sua atividade catalítica foi avaliada em reações de esterificação. As argilas naturais foram ativadas por tratamento ácido como recebidas, sem qualquer tratamento prévio. As argilas naturais e as argilas ácidas foram caracterizadas por DRX, TPD-NH3, termodessorção de n-butilamina, análise de adsorção de N2, FT-IR, TGA e DTA. O desempenho catalítico foi investigado em reações de esterificação de diversos ácidos carboxílicos com diferentes álcoois. As reações foram realizadas com razão molar ácido carboxílico/álcool 1:3, a 100 ºC e pressão atmosférica, por 3 h. As argilas ácidas forneceram boas conversões e apresentaram desempenho melhor que a argila comercial K10.
Natural Brazilian clay-based catalysts were prepared, characterised, and their catalytic activity was assessed in esterification reactions. The natural clays were acid activated as received, without any previous treatment. Both natural and acid-activated clays were characterised by XRD, NH3-TPD, thermodesorption of n-butylamine, N2 adsorption analysis, FT-IR, TGA and DTA. The catalytic performance was investigated in the esterification of several carboxylic acids with different alcohols. The reactions were carried out in a 1:3 carboxylic acid/alcohol molar ratio at 100 ºC and atmospheric pressure for 3 h. The acid-activated clays provided good yields and better performance than commercial clay K10.
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15.
Platinum(II) compounds of tetracyclines as potential anticancer agents: cytotoxicity, uptake and interactions with DNA
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Silva, Priscila P.
; Paula, Flávia C. S. de
; Guerra, Wendell
; Silveira, Josianne N.
; Botelho, Françoise V.
; Vieira, Leda Q.
; Bortolotto, Tiago
; Fischer, Franciele L.
; Bussi, Giselle
; Terenzi, Hernán
; Pereira-Maia, Elene C.
.
As propriedades antitumorais de complexos de PtII e as características favoráveis das tetraciclinas levaram-nos a estudar compostos de PtII da tetraciclina (tc) e doxiciclina (dox) como candidatos a agentes antitumorais. [PtCl2(dox)], 1, é mais potente que[PtCl2(tc)], 2,em inibir o crescimento de células de leucemia mielóide crônica.Os compostos 1 e 2 formam um complexo ternário com o ADN com valores de K iguais a 3,85×10(4) e 5,43×10(4), respectivamente. Os complexos deslocam o brometo de etídeo dos sítios no ADN, o que indica um mecanismo intercalativo. Ambos os complexos diminuem a mobilidade eletroforética e a temperatura de fusão do ADN. Após a incubação das células com 1 e 2, o ADN foi extraído e os adutos formados foram quantificados. Na concentração em que os compostos são citotóxicos contra células cancerosas, eles não afetam a viabilidade de macrófagos. A velocidade de entrada do complexo da doxiciclina nas células é três vezes maior do que a do complexo da tetraciclina e isto parece ser determinante para a sua maior atividade.
The antitumoral properties of PtII compounds and the favorable characteristics of tetracyclines led us to study PtII compounds of tetracycline (tc) and doxycycline (dox) as candidates for anticancer agents. [PtCl2(dox)], 1, is more potent than [PtCl2(tc)], 2, in inhibiting the growth of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Compounds 1 and 2 form a ternary complex with DNA withK values of 3.85×10(4) and 5.43×10(4), respectively. The compounds displace ethidium bromide from DNA sites, which points to an intercalative mechanism. Both complexes decrease DNA eletrophoretic mobility and melting temperature. After incubation of cells with 1 and 2, the DNA was extracted and the adducts formed were quantified. At the concentration that the compounds are cytotoxic to cancer cells, they do not affect macrophages viability. The rate of uptake of the doxycycline complex in cells is three times higher than that of the tetracycline complex and this seems to be determinant for its higher activity.
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