Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) is a protease inhibitor widely used in research, but fluoride is released during its action and this knowledge has been neglected in dental research. Aim to evaluate if fluoride released by salivary protease action on PMSF affects enamel remineralization and fluoride uptake. Methods Groups of 10 enamel slabs, with caries-like lesions and known surface hardness (SH), were subjected to one of the following treatment groups: Stimulated human saliva (SHS), negative control; SHS containing 1.0 μg F/mL (NaF), positive control; and SHS containing 10, 50 or 100 µM PMSF. The slabs were subjected to a pH-cycling regimen consisting of 22 h/day in each treatment solution and 2 h/day in a demineralizing solution. After 12 days, SH was again measured to calculate the percentage of surface hardness recovery (%SHR), followed by enamel fluoride uptake determination. The time-related fluoride release from 100.0 µM PMSF by SHS action was also determined. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls test. Results The release of fluoride from PMSF by SHS was rapid, reaching a maximum value after 10 min. Fluoride released from PMSF was more effective in enhancing %SHR and increasing fluoride uptake in enamel compared with SHS alone (p < 0.05); furthermore, it was equivalent to the positive control (p > 0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, fluoride released by saliva from PMSF is available to react with enamel and needs to be taken into account in research using this protease inhibitor.

OBJECTIVE: The presence of Candida albicans on the surfaces of denture-base acrylic resins is strongly related to the development of oral stomatitis. This study evaluated the antifungal action of different agents over microwave-cured acrylic resin without polishing specimens previously contaminated with Candida albicans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty specimens were immersed in BHI broth previously inoculated with the yeast and stored for 3 h at 37ºC. They were divided into 5 experimental groups (n=10): G1: 2% chlorhexidine solution (10 min); G2: 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (10 min); G3: modified sodium hypochlorite (10 min); G4: effervescent agent (5 min); G5: hydrogen peroxide 10v (30 min). The specimens of the control group 1 (C1) were not disinfected. Ten additional specimens of the control group 2 (C2) were not infected with the yeast, aiming to check the asepsis during the experiment. The disinfection agents were neutralized and the acrylic resin specimens were immersed in BHI Broth for 24 h. Culture media turbidity was evaluated spectrophotometrically according to the transmittance degree, i.e. the higher the transmittance the stronger the antimicrobial action. Statistical analysis was performed (Kruskal-Wallis Test, p<0.05). RESULTS: The results, represented by the medians, were: G1 = 40; G2 = 100; G3 = 100; G4 = 90; G5 = 100; C1 = 40; C2 = 100. CONCLUSIONS: This in vitro study suggested that sodium hypochlorite-based substances and hydrogen peroxide are more efficient disinfectants against C. albicans than 2% chlorhexidine solution and the effervescent agent.

Avaliou-se o efeito de um dentifrício contendo bicarbonato de sódio na contagem de estreptococos do grupo mutans (EM), acidogenicidade e composição da placa dental. Vinte e três voluntários escovaram os dentes 3 vezes ao dia, com formulações fluoretadas (1.500 ppm F), contendo, ou sílica (SÍLICA), ou carbonato de cálcio (CARBONATO), ou carbonato de cálcio mais bicarbonato de sódio (CARB/BICAR), num delineamento duplo cego cruzado, com 3 etapas de 30 dias. No 28º dia, 8 a 12 horas após a última escovação, foi realizada a contagem de estreptococos do grupo mutans na saliva (EMS). No 30º dia (após 2 dias, nos quais os voluntários bochecharam 3 vezes/dia uma suspensão do dentifrício em água, e 6 vezes/dia sacarose a 10%), analisou-se na placa dental, após 10 a 12 horas do último bochecho de dentifrício: a) contagem de mutans (EMP); b) polissacarídeos álcali solúveis (PSA); c) flúor solúvel em ácido (FSA); d) pH no tempo zero (T0), após 5 minutos de bochecho com sacarose (T5), calculando-se o <FONT FACE="Symbol">D</font>pH (T0-T5). Os resultados (média + erro padrão) para SÍLICA, CARBONATO e CARB/BICAR foram respectivamente:1) EMS (x106 UFC/ml saliva) = 11,43 + 7,62 A; 2,33 + 1,04 A; 2,07 + 1,10 A; 2) EMP (x106 UFC/mg placa) = 0,099 + 0,095 A; 0,027 + 0,018 A; 0,007 + 0,003 A; 3) PSA (<FONT FACE="Symbol">m</font>g/mg placa) = 6,89 + 0,62 AC; 8,46 + 0,80 AB; 6,11 + 0,59 C; 4) FSA ((<FONT FACE="Symbol">m</font>g/g placa) = 36,67 + 10,10 A; 48,12 + 19,23 A; 52,21 + 15,12 A; 5) T0 = 6,72 + 0,12 A; 6,88 + 0,13 A; 6,65 + 0,11 A; 6) T5 = 5,61 + 0,13 A; 5,71 + 0,13 A; 5,70 + 0,12 A; 7) <FONT FACE="Symbol">D</font>pH = 1,12 + 0,11 A; 1,17 + 0,11 A; 0,95 + 0,10 A, sendo que médias seguidas por letras distintas diferem entre si ao nível de 5% de significância. Os resultados demonstram que, embora o dentifrício contendo bicarbonato de sódio tenha apresentado, coletivamente, uma tendência a influenciar positivamente nos diversos fatores relacionados à cárie dental, não diferiu significantemente dos dentifrícios contendo carbonato de cálcio ou sílica como abrasivo.

This investigation evaluated the effect of a fluoride baking soda-containing dentifrice on mutans streptococci counting, acidogenicity and composition of dental plaque. Twenty-three volunteers brushing their teeth 3 times a day, tested 3 formulations of fluoride (1500 ppm F), containing or sodium bicarbonate (12%) associated with calcium carbonate (CARB/BICAR), or calcium carbonate (CARBONATE), or silica (SILICA), in a double blind crossover trial, done in 3 phases of 30 days each. On the 28th day, 8-10 hours after the last brushing, a counting of mutans streptococci in saliva (SMS) was made. On the 30th day (after 48 hours during which the subjects were instructed to rinse with a slurry of toothpaste/water 3 times a day and sucrose 10% 6 times a day), the effect was analyzed in dental plaque, 10-12 hours after the last rinse: a) mutans streptococci (PMS); b) polysaccharide alkali-soluble (ASP); c) acid-soluble F (ASF) and d) pH in T0 (T0), 5 min. after cariogenic challenge (T5), calculating<FONT FACE="Symbol"> D</font>pH (T0 - T5). The results (mean + SE) according to the treatments with dentifrices SILICA, CARBONATE and CARB/BICAR, were respectively: 1) SMS (x 106 UFC/mL saliva) = 11.43 + 7.62 A; 2,33 + 1.04 A; 2.07 + 1.10 A; 2) PMS (x 106 UFC/mg) = 0.099 + 0.095 A; 0.027 + 0.018 A; 0.007 + 0.003 A; 3) ASP (<FONT FACE="Symbol">m</font>g/mg) = 6.89 + 0.62 AC; 8.46 + 0.80 AB; 6.11 + 0.59 C; 4) ASF (<FONT FACE="Symbol">m</font>g/g) = 36.67 + 10.10 A; 48.12 + 19.23 A; 52.21 + 15.12 A; 5) T0 = 6.72 + 0.12 A; 6.88 + 0.13 A; 6.65 + 0.11 A; 6) T5 = 5.61 + 0.13 A; 5.71 + 0.13 A; 5.70 + 0.12 A; 7) <FONT FACE="Symbol">D</font>pH = 1.12 + 0.11 A; 1.17 + 0.11 A; 0.95 + 0.10 A. Means followed by the same letter do not differ significantly (P < 0.05). The data show that although the baking soda-containing dentifrice demonstrated, collectively, a trend to influence positively the various factors of dental caries, it did not differ significantly from SILICA and CARBONATE dentifrices.