ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the spontaneous decolonization period and characteristics in a prospective cohort of newborns colonized by multidrug-resistant organisms, after their discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit. Multidrug resistance is defined as bacterial non-susceptibility to ≥ 1 agent of ≥ 3 antimicrobial categories. In total, 618 newborns were included in the study, of which 173 (28.0%) presented a positive culture for multidrug-resistant microorganisms, and of these, 52 (30.1%) were followed up in this study. The most frequent intrinsic factors were be born by cesarean section (86.5%), prematurity (84.6%), and very low birth weight (76.9%). The extrinsic factors were having remained hospitalized for an average of 27 days, during which 67.3% were submitted to invasive procedures and 88.5% received antimicrobials. The intrinsic and extrinsic factors of newborns were not associated to a decolonization period longer or shorter than 3 months, which was the average period of decolonization found in the present study. From the totality of colonization cultures sampled at hospital discharge, the Gram-negative Extended Spectrum β-lactamase producing bacteria were the most common, with 28.9% of babies colonized by Klebsiella spp. The median period of decolonization by multidrug-resistant microorganisms in the newborns population after hospital discharge was 3 months, but was highly dependent on the microbial species, and this period was not associated to any intrinsic and extrinsic factors of the newborn.

ABSTRACT Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the leading causes of human infections worldwide, with major dominant lineage circulating in particular geographical regions. The Brazilian Epidemic Clone (BEC, SCCmec III, ST 239) has been predominant in most Brazilian hospitals. Here, we report the prevalence of MRSA SCCmec type II exhibiting different STs, most of them belonging to CC5 in a tertiary hospital in Southern Brazil.

Abstract The production of KPC (Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase) is the major mechanism of resistance to carbapenem agents in enterobacterias. In this context, forty KPC-producing Enterobacter spp. clinical isolates were studied. It was evaluated the activity of antimicrobial agents: polymyxin B, tigecycline, ertapenem, imipenem and meropenem, and was performed a comparison of the methodologies used to determine the susceptibility: broth microdilution, Etest® (bioMérieux), Vitek 2® automated system (bioMérieux) and disc diffusion. It was calculated the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for each antimicrobial and polymyxin B showed the lowest concentrations for broth microdilution. Errors also were calculated among the techniques, tigecycline and ertapenem were the antibiotics with the largest and the lower number of discrepancies, respectively. Moreover, Vitek 2® automated system was the method most similar compared to the broth microdilution. Therefore, is important to evaluate the performance of new methods in comparison to the reference method, broth microdilution.

Healthcare-associated infections are a major cause of morbidity-mortality among hospitalized patients. The aim of this epidemiological study was to determine mortality and risks related to death in adult patients with healthcare-associated infections admitted to a teaching hospital in one year. Patient data were collected from infection medical reports. The mortality rate associated with infections was 38.4%, and it was classified as a contributing factor to deaths in 87.1% of death cases. The correlation between healthcare-associated infection and death was statistically significant among clinical patients (41.3%) presenting comorbidities related to the diagnosis (55.8%), cardiovascular infection (62.2%), pneumonia (48.9%), developing sepsis (69.0%), as well as patients who had been colonized (45.2%) and infected (44.7%) by multidrug resistance microorganisms.

La infección relacionada con la atención sanitaria es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad entre los pacientes hospitalizados. El objetivo de este estudio epidemiológico fue determinar la mortalidad y los riesgos asociados con el fallecimiento de pacientes adultos con la infección relacionada con la atención sanitaria ingresados en un hospital universitario en el periodo de un año. Los datos de los pacientes se obtuvieron de registros de notificación de infecciones. La tasa de mortalidad asociada con las infecciones fue del 38,4%, y fueron clasificados como un factor que contribuye en el 87,1% de las muertes. La asociación de la infección relacionada con la atención sanitaria con el fallecimiento fue estadísticamente significativa entre pacientes clínicos (41,3%), que presentaron comorbilidad asociadas a el diagnóstico (55,8%), con infección cardiovascular (62,2%), neumonía (48,9%), que desarrollaron sepsis (69,0%), colonizados (45,2%) o infectados (44,7%) por microorganismos multirresistentes. Se concluyó que las infecciones contribuyeron a la muerte de la mayoría de los pacientes

A infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde é uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade entre pacientes hospitalizados. O objetivo deste estudo epidemiológico foi determinar a mortalidade e os riscos associados ao óbito de pacientes adultos com infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde, internados em um hospital-escola no período de um ano. Dados dos pacientes foram coletados das fichas de notificação de infecções. A taxa de mortalidade associada a essas infecções foi de 38,4%, classificadas como fator contribuinte em 87,1% dos óbitos. A associação das infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde com o óbito foi estatisticamente significativa entre pacientes clínicos (41,3%), que apresentavam comorbirdades associadas ao diagnóstico (55,8%), com infecção cardiovascular (62,2%), pneumonia (48,9%), que evoluíram com sepse (69,0%), colonizados (45,2%) ou infectados (44,7%) por microrganismos multirresistentes. Concluiu-se que as infecções contribuíram para o óbito da maioria dos pacientes.

A infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde é uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade entre pacientes hospitalizados. O objetivo deste estudo epidemiológico foi determinar a mortalidade e os riscos associados ao óbito de pacientes adultos com infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde, internados em um hospital-escola no período de um ano. Dados dos pacientes foram coletados das fichas de notificação de infecções. A taxa de mortalidade associada a essas infecções foi de 38,4%, classificadas como fator contribuinte em 87,1% dos óbitos. A associação das infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde com o óbito foi estatisticamente significativa entre pacientes clínicos (41,3%), que apresentavam comorbirdades associadas ao diagnóstico (55,8%), com infecção cardiovascular (62,2%), pneumonia (48,9%), que evoluíram com sepse (69,0%), colonizados (45,2%) ou infectados (44,7%) por microrganismos multirresistentes. Concluiu-se que as infecções contribuíram para o óbito da maioria dos pacientes.

Healthcare-associated infections are a major cause of morbidity-mortality among hospitalized patients. The aim of this epidemiological study was to determine mortality and risks related to death in adult patients with healthcare-associated infections admitted to a teaching hospital in one year. Patient data were collected from infection medical reports. The mortality rate associated with infections was 38.4%, and it was classified as a contributing factor to deaths in 87.1% of death cases. The correlation between healthcare-associated infection and death was statistically significant among clinical patients (41.3%) presenting comorbidities related to the diagnosis (55.8%), cardiovascular infection (62.2%), pneumonia (48.9%), developing sepsis (69.0%), as well as patients who had been colonized (45.2%) and infected (44.7%) by multidrug resistance microorganisms.

La infección relacionada con la atención sanitaria es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad entre los pacientes hospitalizados. El objetivo de este estudio epidemiológico fue determinar la mortalidad y los riesgos asociados con el fallecimiento de pacientes adultos con la infección relacionada con la atención sanitaria ingresados en un hospital universitario en el periodo de un año. Los datos de los pacientes se obtuvieron de registros de notificación de infecciones. La tasa de mortalidad asociada con las infecciones fue del 38,4%, y fueron clasificados como un factor que contribuye en el 87,1% de las muertes. La asociación de la infección relacionada con la atención sanitaria con el fallecimiento fue estadísticamente significativa entre pacientes clínicos (41,3%), que presentaron comorbilidad asociadas a el diagnóstico (55,8%), con infección cardiovascular (62,2%), neumonía (48,9%), que desarrollaron sepsis (69,0%), colonizados (45,2%) o infectados (44,7%) por microorganismos multirresistentes. Se concluyó que las infecciones contribuyeron a la muerte de la mayoría de los pacientes