ABSTRACT Natural polymers have attracted much attention in recent years for the study of new drug delivery systems. These materials are used as polymer matrices to protect the active drug from degradation in the biological environment and to improve the release kinetics of the drug. The poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is a natural biocompatible polymer, widely used in combination with other polymers to improve their physicochemical properties. Thus, this work aimed to develop and characterize films of PHB and blends containing polypropylene glycol (PPG) with different concentrations of simvastatin (Simv.). The films were prepared by casting, dissolving PHB or a blend of PHB / PPG (90:10) and (5% or 25 %) Simv. in chloroform (2% w/v). The solutions were stirred for 3 h and then transferred to an appropriate glass mold for solvent evaporation for 48 h at room temperature. The obtained films were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy, in vitro degradation study, and in vivo biocompatibility test. The results showed that PHB and blends of PHB / PPG are able to form a homogeneous film with the drug inside. A great amount of drug lead to the instability of polymeric matrixes and resulted in a facilitated film degradation. On the other hand, devices with 5% of Simv. were more stable, which suggests the application of these films for biomedical devices. In vivo studies revealed that the films can interact with the animals' organism, and do not undergo rejection. Hence, these films hold an innovative alternative in tissue engineering to promotes drug release by diffusion and erosion of the polymeric material.

Os biomateriais poli L-ácido lático (PLLA) e o poli caprolactona (PCL) são os polímeros mais estudadas na área dos materiais bioreabsorvíveis. Dentre as suas principais características que contribuem para a interação celular, temos a especificidade química da superfície, elétrica, hidrofobicidade e topografia. Ainda, observa-se o tempo de degradação, porosidade, biocompatibilidade com o tecido biológico, bem como, a confecção com as mais variadas formas e dimensões. Já a prática da cultura celular, tem como objetivo estudar a adesão, migração, diferenciação e a proliferação celular utilizando-se um determinado material ou substância. Contudo, poucos trabalhos utilizando os biomateriais ora supracitados e a aplicação em células neuro2A foram realizados. Sabe-se que este tipo celular é derivado de células embrionárias da crista neural, as quais originam em neurônios simpáticos e apresentam como característica a imortalidade, portanto, são excelentes modelos em ensaios in vitro. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo avalia a adesão e a proliferação desta linhagem celular sobre os biopolímeros poli caprolactona (PCL) e poli L-ácido lático (PLLA).

Biomaterials poly L-lactic acid (PLLA) and poly caprolactone (PCL) are the most studied in the area of bioresorbable materials. Among the main features that contribute to cell interaction, we have the specific surface chemistry, electrical, hydrophobicity and topography. Also, is observed the degradation time, porosity, biocompatibility with biological tissue, as well as the preparation of the most varied shapes and sizes. The practice of cell culture, aims to study the adhesion, migration, differentiation and cell proliferation using a given material or substance. However, few studies were performed using these biomaterials and the application of neuro2A cells. It is known that this cell type is derived from the embryonic neural crest cells, which originate in sympathetic neurons and have the characteristic of immortality, therefore, are excellent models in vitro assays. Accordingly, the present study evaluates the adhesion and proliferation of this cell line on the biopolymers poly caprolactone (PCL) and poly L-lactic acid (PLLA).

A regeneração nervosa periférica auxilia na regeneração axonal e reorganização das fibras, atuando em lesões resultantes de esmagamento e secção do nervo. Nesse trabalho estudou-se a regeneração do nervo ciático utilizando-se tubos de poli(L-co-D,L-ácido láctico) preparados a partir de membranas obtidas por evaporação de solvente. Os tubos foram implantados no nervo ciático de 20 ratos da linhagem Spreague Dawley, durante 4, 8 e 12 semanas, sendo analisados por Calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC), Microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), Cromatografia de permeação a gel (GPC), Análise termogravimétrica (TGA). O nervo regenerado foi avaliado pela técnica de Microscopia de luz (MO). Verificou-se um aumento do diâmetro do nervo em função do processo de degradação do tubo. Análises de DSC e GPC do PLDLA mostraram Tg em 57ºC e massa molar (Mw) de 197 989 gmol-1, respectivamente. Foram observadas nítidas variações nesses valores após 8 semanas de degradação, com Tg em 40ºC e Mw de 170000 g.mol-1. Dados de TGA também indicaram o processo de degradação com Ti em 333 ºC, antes da degradação e 305ºC, após 12 semanas. MEV mostrou formação de poros após 8 semanas de degradação. Esse estudo mostrou que tubos de PLDLA são promissores para a regeneração do nervo ciático.

The peripherical nervous regeneration can help the axonal regeneration and fiber reorganization, performing in nerve injury after trauma. In the present study the regeneration of sciatic nerve was observed inside the poly(L-lactide acid-co-D,L-lactide acid) tubes made with membranes obtained by solvent evaporation The tubes were implanted around the sectioned sciatic nerves of 20 rats Spreague Dawley and analized after 4, 8 and 12 weeks by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the nerve regeneration was analyzed by light microscopy (LM). It was verified an increase of nerve diameter in function of tube degradation process. DSC and GPC analysis of PLDLA showed Tg at 57ºC and molar mass (Mw) of 197 989 gmol-1, respectively. Nitid variations of these values were observed after 8 weeks of degradation, with Tg at 40ºC and Mw of 170000 gmol-1 . TGA data also indicated degradation process with Ti at 333 ºC before degradation and 305ºC after 12 weeks. SEM showed formation of pores after 8 weeks of degradation This study indicated that the PLDLA tubes are promissing to regeneration of sciatic nerves.