Abstract Objective To evaluate the factors associated with readmission within 30 days after discharge (R30) and in-hospital mortality (IHM) in elderly patients undergoing proximal femur fracture surgery (PFF). Methods Retrospective cohort with data from 896 medical records of elderly (≥ 60 years) patients submitted to PFF surgery in a Brazilian hospital between November 2014 and December, 2019. The patients included were followed-up from the date of hospitalization for surgery up to 30 days after discharge. As independent variables, we evaluated gender, age, marital status, pre- and postoperative hemoglobin (Hb), international normalized ratio, time of hospitalization related to the surgery, door-surgery time, comorbidities, previous surgeries, use of medications, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score. Results The incidence of R30 was 10.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.3-12.3%), and the incidence of IHM was 5.7% (95%CI: 4.3-7.4%). Regarding R30, hypertension (odds ratio [OR]: 1.71; 95%CI: 1.03–2.96), and regular use of psychotropic drugs (OR: 1.74; 95%CI: 1.12–2.72) were associated in the adjusted model. In the case of IHM, higher chances were associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR: 5.80; 95%CI: 2.64–12.31), longer hospitalization time (OR: 1.06; 95%CI: 1.01–1.10), and R30 (OR: 3.60; 95%CI: 1.54–7.96). Higher preoperative Hb values were associated with a lower chance of mortality (OR: 0.73; 95%CI: 0.61–0.87). Conclusion Findings suggest that the occurrence of these outcomes is associated with comorbidities, medications, and Hb.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os fatores associados à reinternação em até 30 dias após a alta (R30) e à mortalidade intra-hospitalar (MIH) em idosos submetidos a cirurgia por fratura do fêmur proximal (FFP). Métodos Coorte retrospectiva com dados de 896 prontuários de idosos (≥ 60 anos) submetidos a cirurgia de FFP em hospital brasileiro, no período entre novembro de 2014 a dezembro de 2019. Os pacientes incluídos foram acompanhados desde a data de internação para a cirurgia até 30 dias após a alta. Como variáveis independentes, foram avaliados o sexo, idade, estado civil, hemoglobina (Hb) pré e pós-operatória, razão normalizada internacional, tempo da internação relacionada à cirurgia, tempo porta cirurgia, comorbidades, cirurgias prévias, uso de medicamentos e escore da American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA). Resultados A incidência de R30 foi de 10,2% (intervalo de confiança [IC] 95%: 8,3–12,3%) e a de MIH foi 5,7% (IC95%: 4,3–7,4%). Referente a R30, no modelo ajustado, associaram-se ter hipertensão (odds ratio [OR]: 1,71; IC95%: 1,03–2,96), uso regular de medicamentos psicotrópicos (OR: 1,74; IC95%: 1,12–2,72). Tratando-se da MIH, maiores chances estiveram associadas à doença renal crônica (DRC) (OR: 5,80; IC95%: 2,64–12,31), maior tempo de internação (OR: 1,06; IC95%: 1,01–1,10) e R30 (OR: 3,60; IC95%: 1,54–7,96). Maiores valores de Hb pré-operatória associaram-se à menor chance de mortalidade (OR: 0,73; IC95%: 0,61–0,87). Conclusão Os achados sugerem que a ocorrência destes desfechos está associada à comorbidades, medicamentos e Hb.

In this work, iron ore tailing (IOT) was used for the production of two different materials: sodium silicate and geopolymers. Initially, reactions of IOT with NaOH were carried out by hydrothermal reaction in autoclave at 200 °C (1:1.5 and 1:2.5 SiO2:NaOH molar ratio) and reaction times of 4 and 8 h. X-ray fluorescence by dispersive energy (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mössbauer spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) and titrations showed that IOT:NaOH ratios of 1:2.5 and reaction time 8 h completely dissolved the quartz from the IOT, obtaining a solid fraction consisting mainly of hematite and an aqueous phase of sodium silicate, which showed contents of ca. 23% SiO2 and 19% Na2O. This sodium silicate obtained was then combined with IOT (25 and 50 wt.%) to produce geopolimeric material with excellent physico-chemical properties, fast curing time and very good compressive strength results, which ranged from 41 to 58 MPa and many potential applications.

Resumo Contexto Apesar de todo o investimento na profilaxia primária do tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) em pacientes cirúrgicos nos últimos anos, ainda não existem diretrizes específicas para aqueles que serão submetidos a procedimentos para tratamento de varizes de membros inferiores. Objetivos Avaliar o perfil de conduta de profilaxia do TEV pelos cirurgiões vasculares brasileiros para procedimentos de tratamento de varizes de membros inferiores. Métodos Pesquisa de levantamento por envio de questionário eletrônico a cirurgiões vasculares brasileiros. Os respondentes foram divididos entre os que realizam tratamento de veias safenas por cirurgia convencional e os que realizam termoablação para fim de comparação entre os grupos. Resultados Entre os 765 respondentes, o tratamento de escolha das veias safenas foi a cirurgia convencional para 405 (53%), espuma ecoguiada para 44 (6%) e termoablação (endolaser ou radiofrequência) para 199 (26%). Os cirurgiões que realizam termoablação prescrevem mais farmacoprofilaxia após o procedimento que aqueles que preferem cirurgia convencional (67/199, 34% vs. 112/405, 28%; p = 0,002). O grupo termoablação estratifica o paciente quanto ao risco de TEV com mais frequência que o grupo cirurgia convencional (102/199, 51% vs. 179/405, 44%; p =0,004). Ambos os grupos usam mais frequentemente enoxaparina como medicação para profilaxia, porém o grupo termoablação usa mais anticoagulantes orais diretos proporcionalmente que o grupo cirurgia convencional (26% vs. 10%, p < 0,001). Conclusões Cirurgiões vasculares brasileiros que fizeram o tratamento de veias safenas por termoablação prescrevem farmacoprofilaxia com maior frequência e por um período mais prolongado do que os que realizaram o tratamento por cirurgia convencional.

Abstract Background Despite all the investment in primary venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis for surgical patients in recent years, there are still no specific guidelines for those who undergo procedures to treat lower limb varicose veins. Objectives To evaluate the profile of VTE prophylaxis practices among Brazilian vascular surgeons conducting lower limb varicose vein procedures. Methods Survey design, sending an electronic questionnaire to Brazilian vascular surgeons. Respondents were divided between those who perform saphenous vein treatment with conventional surgery and those who perform thermoablation for the purpose of comparison between groups. Results Of 765 respondents, 405 (53%) treat saphenous veins with conventional surgery for, 44 (6%) with foam, and 199 (26%) with thermoablation (endolaser or radiofrequency). Surgeons who perform thermoablation prescribed more pharmacoprophylaxis after varicose vein surgery than those who perform conventional surgery (67/199, 34% vs. 112/405, 28%; p = 0.002). The thermoablation group stratifies patients for thromboembolism risk more frequently than the conventional surgery group (102/199, 51% vs. 179/405, 44%; p = 0.004). Both groups use enoxaparin as the most frequent drug for prophylaxis, but the thermoablation group uses proportionally more direct oral anticoagulants than the conventional surgery group (26% vs. 10%, p<0.001). Conclusions Brazilian vascular surgeons who perform saphenous vein treatment by thermoablation prescribe pharmacoprophylaxis more frequently and for a longer period than those who use conventional surgery.

RESUMO A regeneração óssea guiada visa o ganho de volume ósseo vertical e horizontal em rebordos atróficos, sendo utilizadas diferentes técnicas regenerativas associadas a biomateriais, podendo apresentar ocasionais complicações pós-cirúrgicas. O objetivo do relato de caso foi descrever as sucessivas abordagens para minimizar e eliminar as complicações apresentadas no pós-operatório de paciente submetida à técnica de regeneração óssea guiada. Na primeira cirurgia foi utilizada a membrana de politetrafluoretileno expandido denso (PTFE-d), suportada pela técnica da tenda e enxerto plaquetário autógeno, para realizar a técnica de regeneração óssea guiada. Após três meses, constatou-se a exposição da membrana, sendo removida a membrana e os parafusos de contenção no sétimo mês, com instalação de três implantes Hexágono Interno nas áreas dos dentes 13, 14 e 15. As roscas expostas foram recobertas com as hidroxiapatitas reabsorvíeis e recobertas com membrana PTFE-d. A radiografia panorâmica pós-operatória de quatro meses sugeriu osseointegração dos implantes. A técnica de regeneração óssea guiada associada à membrana de PTFE-d possibilitou a neoformação óssea propiciando a instalação de implantes osseointegrados em posição estética e funcional. A exposição das bordas da membrana permitiu a penetração de fluídos e contaminação, sugerindo o agravamento dos sinais de infecção e secreção purulenta. Ao contrário, a exposição de áreas centrais, não acarretou sinais inflamatórios e infecciosos.

ABSTRACT Guided bone regeneration aims to gain vertical and horizontal bone volume in atrophic ridges, using different regenerative techniques associated with biomaterials, with occasional post-surgical complications. The objective of the case report was to describe the successive approaches to minimize and eliminate the complications presented in the postoperative period of a patient submitted to the guided bone regeneration technique. In the first surgery, the dense expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane (d-PTFE), supported by the tent technique and autogenous platelet graft, was used to perform the guided bone regeneration technique. After three months, the membrane was exposed, with the membrane and the retaining screws removed in the seventh month, with the installation of three Internal Hexagon implants in the areas of teeth 13, 14 and 15. The exposed threads were covered with hydroxyapatites resorbable and covered with d-PTFE membrane. A four-month postoperative panoramic radiograph suggested implant osseointegration. The guided bone regeneration technique associated with the d-PTFE membrane enabled bone neoformation, enabling the installation of osseointegrated implants in an aesthetic and functional position. The exposure of the edges of the membrane allowed the penetration of fluids and contamination, suggesting the worsening of the signs of infection and purulent secretion. On the contrary, the exposure of central areas did not cause inflammatory and infectious signs.

RESUMO Pacientes com doenças autoimunes exigem uma constante preocupação com os riscos e benefícios do tratamento imunossupressor ou imunomodulador. O conhecimento das rotinas no uso de cada uma dessas drogas é fundamental para o bom desfecho clínico, evitando a piora da doença ou efeitos colaterais. As drogas imunossupressoras e imunomoduladoras agem em diferentes pontos da resposta imunológica a fim de controlar a doença para qual são indicadas. O conhecimento do mecanismo de ação, principais posologias, efeitos adversos e os riscos de infecções e neoplasias relacionadas ao uso dessas medicações são fundamentais para um tratamento seguro. Cada uma delas apresenta um perfil específico de complicações e o manejo deve ser individualizado em diferentes cenários ao longo do seguimento do paciente. O uso de medicações para profilaxia primária de infecções e a vacinação são pontos essenciais no planejamento do tratamento, prevenindo potenciais complicações infecciosas ao longo do acompanhamento. O uso de imunossupressores e imunomoduladores é uma frequente realidade no dia-a-dia do neurologista, e o conhecimento das características de cada droga é crucial para o sucesso do tratamento. A realização de uma rotina antes, durante e depois do uso dessas medicações evita complicações relacionadas com o tratamento e alcança um melhor controle da doença.

ABSTRACT For patients with autoimmune diseases, the risks and benefits of immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory treatment are a matter of continual concern. Knowledge of the follow-up routine for each drug is crucial, in order to attain better outcomes and avoid new disease activity or occurrence of adverse effects. To achieve control of autoimmune diseases, immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs act on different pathways of the immune response. Knowledge of the mechanisms of action of these drugs and their recommended doses, adverse reactions and risks of infection and malignancy is essential for safe treatment. Each drug has a specific safety profile, and management should be adapted for different circumstances during the treatment. Primary prophylaxis for opportunistic infections and vaccination are indispensable steps during the treatment plan, given that these prevent potential severe infectious complications. General neurologists frequently prescribe immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs, and awareness of the characteristics of each drug is crucial for treatment success. Implementation of a routine before, during and after use of these drugs avoids treatment-related complications and enables superior disease control.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Body mass index (BMI) values of 25 kg/m2 or more have been associated with poor cognitive outcomes, reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and mental health disorders. Participating in regular exercise may improve these negative outcomes. However, the optimal exercise prescription remains to be clarified. The purpose of the present study is to compare the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on HRQoL, depression, and anxiety levels in middle-aged overweight men. METHODS Twenty-five sedentary, overweight men participated in the 8-week training intervention. Subjects were randomized into MICT or HIIT and performed exercise sessions three times per week for 8 weeks. Participants answered the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire, the Short Form-36 survey, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Statistical analysis was carried out using the GraphPad Prism 7.0, and the level of significance was set at 5% to quantitative variables. RESULTS HRQoL scores were enhanced to all domains of both the groups. MICT and HIIT did not significantly change the depression levels in middle-aged overweight men (p>0.05). Nevertheless, MICT was capable to reduce the anxiety levels in middle-aged overweight men (p<0.05). However, there was not a significant change in the anxiety levels at the HIIT group. CONCLUSIONS HIIT may be a useful treatment to improve the HRQoL, but MICT alone can positively impact the anxiety levels in middle-aged overweight men.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and severity of dental fluorosis (DF) and the association between severity and risk factors. In a cross-sectional study, 8- to 12-year-old children, born in a Colombian district, were evaluated according to the Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index (TFI) by two calibrated examiners. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) and dental caries (DC) were also evaluated. Ordinal logistic regression was applied (p<0.05). Risk factors and lifestyle factors were collected using a questionnaire answered by parents. DF was detected in 76 (98.7%) of the children (average of 18.4 ±1.81 permanent teeth affected). Grade TF2 was the most frequently observed (34.8%); TF5 was observed in all age groups; TF6- TF7 were observed in 12-year-olds. No association was found between DF severity and DC (Odds Ratio (OR)=1.35; 95%CI: 0.56-3.26) or MIH (OR=1.39; 95%CI: 0.43-4.46). DF severity was significantly associated with use of an indoor wood stove for food preparation (OR = 9.34; 95%CI: 1.11-78.57) and use of a pea-sized volume of toothpaste (OR = 27.42; 95%CI: 1.57-477.36). Prevalence of DC was 38.1% and prevalence of MIH was 14.4%. In this population, the frequency of DF was high and severity was associated with use of an indoor wood stove for food preparation and toothpaste amount used during childhood.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia y severidad de la Fluorosis Dental (FD) y la asociación de la severidad con factores de riesgo. Mediante un estudio transversal, niños (8-12 años-de-edad), nacidos en Ayapel (El Cedro-Colombia) fueron evaluados por 2 examinadores calibrados, según los criterios del índice de Thylstrup y Fejerskov (TFI) para FD. También se evaluaron la Hipomineralización molar-incisiva (HMI) y la caries dental (CD). Se aplicó un cuestionario de factores de riesgo y estilo de vida, a los padres/responsables de los niños. Se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística ordinal (p<0.05). Se encontró FD en 76 (98.7%) niños (con una media de dientes permanentes afectados de 18.4 ±1.81). La severidad categoría TF2 fue la más observada (34.8%) en los dientes evaluados. Las lesiones que presentan pérdida estructural moderada TF 6-7, fueron evidenciadas en el grupo de edad de 12 años. No se encontró asociación entre la severidad y la CD (OR=1.35; IC95%:0.56-3.26) o con HIM (OR=1.39; IC95%:0.43-4.46). Se encontró una asociación significativa con la severidad de la FD en los niños que utilizaban fogón de leña-interno para la preparación de los alimentos (OR=9.34; IC95%:1.11-78.57) y utilizaban un volumen de crema dental del tamaño de una alverja- pequeña (OR=27.42; IC95%:1.57-477.36). la prevalencia de CD fue 38.1% y de HMI fue 14.4%. La frecuencia de la FD fue alta y la severidad mostró correlación con la utilización de fogón de leña interno para la preparación de los alimentos y la cantidad de crema-dental utilizada.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the segregation patterns of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in families, given the evidence that its etiology is influenced by genetics. Clinically, MIH may be detected in parents and/or siblings of MIH-affected children. Our study included children with at least one first permanent molar affected by MIH (proband) and their first-degree relatives (parents and siblings). The participants were examined clinically to detect MIH, according to the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry criteria (2003). A total of 101 nuclear families (391 individuals) were studied. Proband diagnosis was followed by MIH classification of the subject, his parents and siblings, as affected, unaffected, or unknown. Segregation analysis was performed using the multivariate logistic regression model of the Statistical Analysis for Genetic Epidemiology package, and segregation models (general transmission, environmental, major gene, dominant, codominant and recessive models). The Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used to evaluate the most parsimonious model. In all, 130 affected individuals, 165 unaffected individuals, and 96 unknown individuals were studied. Severe MIH was found in 50.7% of the cases. A segregation analysis performed for MIH revealed the following different models: environmental and dominance (p = 0.05), major gene (p = 0.04), codominant (p = 0.15) and recessive models (p = 0.03). According to the AIC values, the codominant model was the most parsimonious (AIC = 308.36). Our results suggest that the codominant model could be the most likely for inheriting MIH. This result strengthens the evidence that genetic factors, such as multifactorial complex defect, influence MIH.

Resumo A previsão de vazão é uma das mais importantes informações na programação da geração de energia hidroelétrica e no planejamento de curto a longo prazo. A previsão de vazão é mais relevante em cenários de escassez hídrica, quando há redução da geração hidroelétrica e aumento da produção por usinas termelétricas para garantir outros usos da água nessas condições. Prever e prognosticar a precipitação por meio de modelos estocásticos e determinísticos é essencial mesmo com as limitações inerentes à complexidade fenomenológica atmosférica. Estabelecer diretriz com base em tais modelos fundamentados em variáveis hidrometeorológicas (e.g., séries de precipitação) e fenômenos climáticos podem reduzir erros e melhorar a operação de reservatórios. O Operador Nacional do Sistema (ONS) e agentes de geração podem decidir com menos riscos operacionais, otimizar os recursos energéticos, minimizar custos para o consumidor e suprir energia elétrica mesmo em períodos de escassez hídrica. Assim, este trabalho apresenta um sistema de monitoramento e previsão de precipitação nas bacias hidrográficas da CESP para melhorar as estimativas de vazão afluentes aos seus reservatórios. A previsão de chuva com até cinco dias de antecedência foi realizada com o sistema ARPS. As estimativas, medições e simulações de chuva obtidas foram utilizadas em simulações de vazão afluente nas bacias da CESP com o modelo SMAP para verificação. Os resultados sugerem melhoria de desempenho por meio da integração de dados e previsão de precipitação com o sistema ARPS.

Abstract Flow forecasting is one of the most important information to scheduling hydroelectric power generation and short- to long-term planning. Flow prediction is most relevant in water scarcity scenarios, when there is a reduction in hydroelectric power generation and an increase in production by thermoelectric plants to guarantee other uses of water under such conditions. The prediction and prognostic precipitation through stochastic and deterministic models is essential even with the inherent limitations of atmospheric phenomenological complexity. Establishing guidelines upon such models based on hydrometeorological variables (e.g., precipitation time series) and climate phenomena can reduce errors and improve reservoir operations. The National System Operator (ONS) and generation agencies may decide with fewer operational risks in order to optimize energy resources, minimize consumer costs and supply electricity even in times of water scarcity. Thus, this paper describes a rain monitoring and forecasting system in the CESP watersheds to improve the streamflow estimation of CESP reservoirs. We present an objective statistical analysis scheme (ANOBES) that integrates the meteorological satellite precipitation estimation with CESP, DAEE and ANA telemetric network rainfall measurements. Rain forecasting up to five days in advance is performed with the ARPS system. The estimates, measurements and rainfall simulations obtained were used in tributary flow simulations of CESP watersheds with the SMAP model for verification. Rain forecast up to five days in advance was made with the ARPS system. The estimates, measurements and rainfall simulations obtained were used in tributary flow simulations in CESP basins with the SMAP model for verification. The results suggest performance improvement with data integration and precipitation prediction with the ARPS system.

Resumo Introdução e Objetivo: A fluorose dentária (FD) é um defeito de desenvolvimento do esmalte decorrente da sobre-exposição ao flúor e pode comprometer esteticamente o paciente. O presente estudo se propõe a investigar a relação entre percepção estética e fluorose dentária em uma comunidade de baixa renda com alta prevalência de FD. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 171 escolares colombianos de 8 a 12 anos de idade, moradores de uma comunidade de baixa renda (El Cedro, distrito de Ayapel, Córdoba, Colômbia). Após receber autorização, os estudantes foram examinados para os índices CPOD e ceod (OMS) e para o FD (TF index). As percepções estéticas foram verificadas pelo “Child Perception Questionaire about Teeth Appearence” (CQATA). A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva, teste do qui-quadrado, teste t de Student, teste ANOVA one-way e regressão linear em nível de significância de p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: A prevalência de FD nesta amostra foi de 84,8% (n = 145). Apenas a presença de cáries (CPOD/cpod≠0) teve um impacto significativo nas percepções estéticas. Uma taxa significativamente menor foi encontrada em meninas para o relato de domínio de cor agradável. O número de dentes afetados pela FD teve correlação positiva significativa com a percepção geral da saúde bucal. Conclusão: A presença de FD leve em crianças com baixo nível socioeconômico, de uma população com alta prevalência da doença, não parece ter impacto na satisfação com a coloração dos dentes.

Abstract Introduction and objective: The Dental Fluorosis (DF) is a development defect of enamel resulting from overexposure to fluoride and can aesthetically compromise the patient. This study aims to investigate the relationship between aesthetic perception and dental fluorosis (DF) in a low-income community with high DF prevalence. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 171 Colombian schoolchildren aged 8 to 12 years living in low socioeconomic community (El Cedro, district of Ayapel, Córdoba, Colombia). After receiving authorization, the students were examined for DMFT and dmft indexes (WHO criteria), and for DF (TF index). The aesthetic perceptions were verified by the Child Perceptions Questionnaire About Tooth Appearance (CQATA). Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, the Student´s t-test, the one-way ANOVA test, and linear regression at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Results: The prevalence of DF in this sample was 84.8% (n=145). Only the presence of caries (DMFT/ deft≠ 0) had a significant impact on aesthetic perceptions. A significantly lower rate was found in girls for the report of pleasant color domain. The number of teeth affected by DF had a significant positive correlation with mean overall perception of dental health. Conclusion: The presence of mild DF in children with low socioeconomic status, from a population with a high prevalence of the condition, did not seem to have an impact on the report of pleasant color of teeth domain.

Resumen Introducción y objetivo: La fluorosis dental (FD) es un defecto en el desarrollo del esmalte como resultado de la sobreexposición al fluoruro y puede comprometer estéticamente al paciente. Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la relación entre la percepción estética y la fluorosis dental en una comunidad de bajos ingresos económicos y con alta prevalencia de FD. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal con 171 escolares de 8 a 12 años que viven en una comunidad socioeconómica baja (El Cedro, distrito de Ayapel, Córdoba, Colombia). Los estudiantes fueron examinados para caries dentaria (índices DMFT y dmft (criterios de la OMS) y para el fluorosis dentaria (índice TF). La percepción estética se verifico con el cuestionario sobre percepciones de los niños sobre la apariencia de los dientes (CQATA). El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante estadísticas descriptivas y las pruebas de chi cuadrado, t de Student, ANOVA de una vía y la regresión lineal (p ≤ 0.05). Resultados: La prevalencia de FD fue de 84.8% (n = 145). Solo la presencia de caries (DMFT/deft ≠ 0) tuvo un impacto significativo en las percepciones estéticas. Se encontró una tasa significativamente más baja en las niñas para el informe acerca de color agradable. La cantidad de dientes afectados por FD tuvo una correlación positiva significativa con la percepción general de la salud dental. Conclusión: La presencia de FD leve en niños con bajo nivel socioeconómico, en una población con una alta prevalencia de este defecto de esmalte, no pareció tener tuvo un impacto en la aceptción aceptar la apariencia del color de los dientes.

Abstract The exposure to amoxicillin has been associated with molar incisor hypomineralization. This study aimed to determine if amoxicillin disturbs the enamel mineralization in in vivo experiments. Fifteen pregnant rats were randomly assigned into three groups to received daily phosphatase-buffered saline or amoxicillin as either 100 or 500 mg/kg. Mice received treatment from day 13 of pregnancy to day 40 postnatal. After birth, the offsprings from each litter continued to receive the same treatment according to their respective group. Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) content in the dental hard tissues were analyzed from 60 upper first molars and 60 upper incisors by the complexometric titration method and colorimetric analysis using a spectrophotometer at 680 nm, respectively. Lower incisors were analyzed by X-ray microtomography, it was measured the electron density of lingual and buccal enamel, and the enamel and dentin thickness. Differences in Ca and P content and electron density among the groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. There was no significant difference on enamel electron density and thickness among the groups (p > 0.05). However, in incisors, the higher dose of amoxicillin decreased markedly the electron density in some rats. There were no statistically significant differences in Ca (p = 0.180) or P content (p = 0.054), although the higher dose of amoxicillin could affect the enamel in some animals. The amoxicillin did not significantly alter the enamel mineralization and thickness in rats.

Abstract RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful gene silencing technology, widely used in analyses of reverse genetics, development of therapeutic strategies and generation of biotechnological products. Here we present a free software tool for the rational design of RNAi effectors, named siRNA and shRNA designer (SSD). SSD incorporates our previously developed software Strand Analysis to construct template DNAs amenable for the large scale production of mono-, bi- and trivalent multimeric shRNAs, via in vitro rolling circle transcription. We tested SSD by creating a trivalent multimeric shRNA against the vitellogenin gene of Apis mellifera. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that our molecule promoted a decrease in more than 50% of the target mRNA, in a dose-dependent manner, when compared to the control group. Thus, SSD software allows the easy design of multimeric shRNAs, for single or multiple simultaneous knockdowns, which is especially interesting for studies involving large amounts of double-stranded molecules.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic viability, through different supplementation strategies, of the post-weaning and finishing stages of cattle supplemented on Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pastures during the rainy and dry seasons. The experimental period was 447 d. The study comprised the post-weaning and finishing stages of 22 intact male crossbred (½ Holstein-Zebu) cattle with an average initial weight of 164.09 ± 12.13 kg and an average age of 7 mo. The animals were distributed in a randomized design with 11 replications per treatment. The following supplementation strategies were tested: strategy 1 (S1): Mineral mix in the 1st and 3rd periods and protein-energy supplementation at 0.2 % of the body weight (BW) in the 2nd period; and strategy 2 (S2): protein-energy supplementation at 0.4 % BW in the 1st and 3rd periods, and protein-energy supplementation at 0.6 % BW in the 2nd period. Strategy 1 resulted in a lower cost per arroba produced and lower cost per hectare, generating a greater net profit per hectare and consequently a higher internal rate of return. When herbage is available, mineral supplementation supplied during the rainy season, associated with low levels of protein-energy supplementation in the dry season (S1), is of greater economic attractiveness for the development of the project, as it leads to higher internal rates of return and net present values in the entire period.

Resumen El objetivo fue evaluar la viabilidad económica, a través de diferentes estrategias de suplementación, de las etapas post destete y finalización del ganado bovino suplementado en pastoreo de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandú durante las temporadas de lluvias y secas. El periodo experimental fue de 447 días. El estudio comprendió las etapas post destete y finalización de 22 bovinos machos (1/2 Holstein-Cebú) enteros con un peso inicial promedio de 164.09 ± 12.13 kg y una edad promedio de 7 meses. Los animales se distribuyeron en un diseño aleatorio con 11 repeticiones por tratamiento. Se probaron las siguientes estrategias de suplementación: estrategia 1 (E1): mezcla de minerales en el 1er y 3er periodos y suplementación de proteína y energía al 0.2% del peso corporal (PC) en el 2do periodo; y estrategia 2 (E2): suplementación de proteína-energía a 0.4% PC en los períodos 1º y 3º, y suplementación de proteína-energía a 0.6% PC en el 2º período. La estrategia 1 dio como resultado un menor costo por arroba producido y un menor costo por hectárea, generando una mayor ganancia neta por hectárea y, en consecuencia, una mayor tasa interna de retorno. Cuando se dispone de forraje, la suplementación de minerales suministrada durante la temporada de lluvias, asociada con bajos niveles de suplementación de proteína y energía en la estación seca (S1), es de mayor atractivo económico para el desarrollo del sistema, ya que conduce a mayores tasas internas de valores de retorno y valores netos presentes en todo el periodo.

Resumo O artigo tem a intenção de explorar os conceitos que constituem a concepção de uma peça audiovisual produzida a partir de um projeto de pesquisa. Para isso, aponta a intenção de tal projeto; define o bloco de conceitos composto pelas noções deleuzianas de real, inventário, gagueira, encontro, estranhamento e acontecimento (bloco RIGEEA); por fim, conclui com o estabelecimento de uma articulação entre os conceitos e a linguagem audiovisual da peça, a fim de mostrar a consistência teórica da produção audiovisual. Ou seja, justifica ações, escolhas e estratégias da peça com base nos conceitos apresentados.

Abstract The article intends to explore the concepts that constitute the conception of an audiovisual piece produced from a research project. To this end, it points out the intention of such project; defines the concept block composed of deleuzian notions of real, inventory, stammering, encounter, estrangement and event (RISEEE bloc); finally concludes with the establishment of an articulation between the concepts and the audiovisual language of the piece, in order to show the theoretical consistency of the audiovisual production. That is, it justifies actions, choices and strategies of the piece based on the concepts presented.

Resumen El artículo pretende abordar los conceptos que integran el diseño de una pieza audiovisual producida a partir de un proyecto de investigación. Para eso, indica la intención de este proyecto; define un bloque de conceptos compuesto por las nociones deleuzianas de real, inventario, tartamudeo, encuentro, extrañamiento y acontecimiento (bloque RITEEA); finalmente se concluye con el establecimiento de un vínculo entre los conceptos y el lenguaje audiovisual de la pieza con el fin de demostrar la consistencia teórica de la producción audiovisual. Es decir, justifica las acciones, elecciónes y estrategias de la pieza basadas en los conceptos presentados.