Abstract Whiskers have been used as a nanomaterial dispersed in polymer matrices to modify the microscopic and macroscopic properties of the polymer. These nanomaterials can be isolated from cellulose, one of the most abundant natural renewable sources of biodegradable polymer. In this study, whiskers were isolated from sugarcane bagasse and corn cob straw fibers. Initially, the cellulose fiber was treated through an alkaline/oxidative process followed by acid hydrolysis. Dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide were used to replace the aqueous medium for the dispersion of the whiskers. For the solvent exchange, dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide was added to the aqueous dispersion and the water was then removed by fractional distillation. FTIR, TGA, XRD, TEM, Zeta and DLS techniques were used to evaluate the efficiency of the isolation process as well as the morphology and dimensions of the whiskers. The dimensions of the whiskers are comparable with values reported in the literature, maintaining the uniformity and homogeneity in both aqueous and non-aqueous solvents.

Neste trabalho investigou-se a capacidade de filmes de poli(4-vinilpiridina) (P4VP) em melhorar as propriedades de corrosão do cobre em H2SO4 0,1 mol L-1. Filmes que formam o complexo macromolecular Cu(P4VP)2(SCN)2 foram obtidos por métodos eletroquímicos ou espontaneamente (por imersão) em soluções contendo 3% de ácido acético, KSCN 0,1 mol L-1 e P4VP. As características morfológicas dos filmes e o seu efeito sobre a corrosão do cobre foram analisados por técnicas de microscopia e eletroquímicas, respectivamente. Um aumento acentuado na resistência à corrosão de amostras de cobre recobertas por filmes de P4VP gerados espontaneamente foi observado em comparação às amostras não recobertas. A melhor condição para a obtenção destes filmes consiste na imersão do cobre em soluções contendo P4VP 0,1 mol L-1 durante 3 - 4 h. Empregando-se esta metodologia, registraram-se eficiências de inibição (EI) de 94 - 98%. Para filmes gerados eletroquimicamente, a EI foi de 70 - 85%.

We report here on the ability of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) films to improve the copper corrosion properties in 0.1 mol L-1 H2SO4. Films formed by Cu(P4VP)2(SCN)2 macromecular-complex were electrochemically or spontaneously (by immersion) grown onto copper surfaces in 3% acetic acid, 0.1 mol L-1 KSCN and P4VP containing solutions. Imaging and electrochemical techniques were employed to characterize the film morphology and evaluate its effect on the copper corrosion, respectively. A substantial increase in corrosion resistance of copper samples spontaneously coated by P4VP films was found in comparison to the uncoated ones. The optimum conditions for spontaneous growth comprise a 3 - 4 h immersion period in a 0.1 mol L-1 P4VP containing solution. Inhibition efficiencies (IE) of 94 - 98% were recorded by employing this methodology. For electrochemically grown P4VP films, the IE was 70 - 85%.

A interação do polímero poli(4-vinilpiridina) (P4VP) e íons tiocianato com cobre em soluções ácidas foi estudada através de voltametria cíclica, termogravimetria, análise elementar e espectroscopia na região do infravermelho. Observou-se que os íons Cu(I) eletrogerados em ca. -0,45 V/ECS na superfície do eletrodo promovem uma reação de complexação com P4VP e SCN-, ambos presentes em solução. O complexo polimérico eletroativo resultante cresce sobre a superfície do eletrodo como um filme e o centro metálico é oxidado para Cu(II) numa etapa subseqüente em ca. -0,23 V/ECS. De acordo com os resultados termogravimétricos, o complexo obtido é menos estável do que o P4VP puro, conforme indicado pelo abaixamento da temperatura inicial de degradação de ca. 400 ºC (P4VP) para ca. 200 ºC (complexo). A análise elementar do filme revelou uma composição química de 2:1:2 para P4VP:Cu:SCN- e os espectros na região do infravermelho indicaram que tal complexo polimérico é formado por um centro metálico de cobre coordenado pelos átomos de nitrogênio dos anéis piridínicos e íons tiocianato.

The interaction of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) and thiocyanate ions with copper in acid solutions was studied by cyclic voltammetry, thermogravimetry, elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy. It is shown that at ca. -0.45 V/SCE the electrogenerated Cu(I) ions at the surface of a copper electrode induce a complexing reaction with P4VP and SCN- both present in solution. The resulting electroactive polymer-complex grows onto the electrode surface as a film, and the metallic center is further oxidized to Cu(II) in a subsequent step at ca. -0.23 V/SCE. According to thermogravimetric results, the polymer-complex is less thermally-stable than P4VP as evidenced by the lowering in the initial temperature of degradation from ca. 400 ºC (P4VP) to ca. 200 ºC (complex). The elemental analysis revealed a chemical composition of 2:1:2 for P4VP:Cu:SCN, and the infrared spectra indicated that the complex comprises a copper metallic center coordinated with nitrogen pyridinic rings (P4VP) and thiocyanate ions.

Due to its biodegradability, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) P(3-HB) has attracted much attention in the environmental sector. However, some characteristics of this polymer, such as high crystallinity, poor processability and high brittleness, have lead several research groups to study polymeric blends in order to modify P(3-HB) properties. Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) is a synthetic polyester which is completely degraded after about one year when buried in soil. In general, it acts as a polymeric plasticizer lowering the elastic modulus and enhancing the processability of the blend. Blends of two biodegradable polymers, P(3-HB) and PCL have been prepared by casting in different compositions. Miscibility, thermal behavior and morphology of these blends were studied using modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and polarizing light microscopy (PLM). The two glass transition temperatures, detected by MDSC, suggest the immiscibility of the system. Phase separation was confirmed by PLM.