Abstract Okara is a byproduct obtained in the processing of water-soluble soy extract. The objective of this work was to use the quantitative descriptive analysis to develop the descriptive terminology and the sensory profile of tapioca formulations with the addition of okara. Four tapioca formulations were developed with the addition of okara to replace the cassava starch in concentrations of 15%, 30%, 40% and 50%. The descriptive terms generated for sensory profile were: color, soy aroma, soy taste, starch taste, softness and crispness. From the descriptors, a 9 cm scale was defined for each term with the extremes varying from weak to strong. After conducting the training and the sensory tests, the data obtained were submitted to ANOVA and the means compared by the Tukey test (p<0.05). The F50 formulation showed superior scores for the attributes color, soy aroma, and softness. The intensity of soy taste did not differ between the formulations F40 and F50. There was an increase in the softness of tapioca with the addition of okara. The addition of okara to the tapioca formulations allowed us to obtain a product with its own characteristics such as color and softness, maintaining the overall quality close to the traditional tapioca.

A necessidade de um abastecimento permanente do mercado com frutas frescas tem gerado um grande interesse em técnicas de conservação pós-colheita que possam promover a extensão da vida útil e da qualidade desses frutos. Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar a eficiência da modificação atmosférica, utilizando diferentes filmes poliméricos na manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita e no prolongamento da vida útil de maçãs "Eva" (Mallus sp). Para tanto, frutos colhidos em Barbacena - MG, selecionados e sanitizados foram acondicionados em bandejas plásticas com seis frutos cada e estas, envoltas nos filmes correspondentes a cada tratamento. Foram utilizados filmes de polipropileno - 20 µm, polietileno de baixa densidade - 14 µm e polietileno de alta densidade - 7 µm. Um outro grupo de frutos (controle) não foi submetido à atmosfera modificada. Feito isso, as embalagens foram armazenadas em câmara fria (0°C±0,5) por 210 dias e as avaliações foram realizadas a cada 30 dias de armazenamento, das seguintes variáveis: potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, perda de massa, firmeza, pectina total, pectina solúvel, pectinametilesterase e poligalacturonase. O trabalho foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (4x8), sendo 4 tratamentos e 8 tempos. Cada tratamento continha três repetições e cada unidade experimental foi constituída por seis frutos. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade e análise de regressão. A embalagem de polietileno de baixa densidade (14 µm) proporcionou a melhor conservação das características texturais das maçãs cv Eva.

The need for a permanent market supply of fresh fruit has generated great interest in postharvest techniques that can promote useful life and quality of the fruit. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of atmospheric modification using different polymeric films in maintaining postharvest quality and prolonging the shelf life of Eva (Mallus sp) apples. For this, fruits from the city of Barbacena - MG, selected and sanitized were packed in plastic trays and wrapped in the corresponding films. The films used were: polypropylene - 20 µm, low-density polyethylene - 14 µm and high-density polyethylene - 7 µm. Another group of fruits (control) was not submitted to a modified atmosphere. Subsequently, all the the packages were stored under refrigeration (0 ° C ± 0.5) for 210 days and the evaluations of the following variables were performed every 30 days of storage: hydrogen potential (pH), titratable acidity, soluble solids, weight loss, firmness, total pectin, soluble pectin, pectin methyl esterase and polygalacturonase. The work was conducted in a completely randomized design (4x8), with 4 treatments and 8 experimental times. Each treatment consisted of three replicates and each experimental unit consisted of six fruits. The results were submitted to variance analysis and means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability and regression analysis. The low density polyethylene (14 µm) packaging provided the best conservation of the Eva cultivar apple textural characteristics.

Modified atmosphere is a method of food preservation that provides increased lifetime, decreases deterioration losses, and facilitates marketing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of different plastic films in modifying the atmosphere around Eva apples to assure quality maintenance during postharvest storage. The fruits were cleaned and separated into three treatment groups: polypropylene, low density polyethylene, and high density polyethylene packing with a total of 5 fruits per package for each evaluation period. A group of control apples was not submitted to atmospheric modification. After the treatment, all fruits were stored at 0.5±0.5°C (cold storage) for up to 225 days. The analyses were performed at 45, 135, and 225 days after cold storage. Respiration, ethylene production, firmness, mass loss, total pectin, soluble pectin, soluble solids, total acidity, and epidermis background color of each treatment group were evaluated. The high density polyethylene film treatment did not show a decrease in ethylene production during storage and allowed the fruits to maintain a greater firmness and smaller percentage of mass loss during the study period. Moreover, the storage of the Eva apple cultivar under modified atmosphere allowed the preservation of quality for up to seven months.

Conduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de utilizar parâmetros cinéticos para avaliar a degradação de vitamina C sobre a vida útil de mangas (Mangifera indica L.) minimamente processadas e armazenadas em diferentes temperaturas. Mangas 'Palmer' foram lavadas em água corrente, sanificadas, descascadas, novamente sanificadas e fatiadas manualmente. O produto foi embalado em embalagem de polietileno com tampa e armazenado a 0ºC, 6ºC e 12ºC (85-90% UR). Para o acompanhamento da sua vida útil, a cada 2 dias foram feitas as seguintes análises: valores L* a* e b*, perda de massa, pH, firmeza, sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT) e teor de vitamina C. As mangas minimamente processadas armazenadas à 0ºC e 6ºC apresentaram vida útil de 10 dias contra 4 dias das mangas armazenadas à 12ºC. Os dados obtidos por meio de regressão linear com os valores do logaritmo neperiano do teor de ácido ascórbico pelo tempo de armazenagem (dias) mostram que a reação de degradação da vitamina C se ajusta ao modelo cinético de 1ª ordem. O Modelo de Arrhenius foi aplicado às velocidades de reação (k) nas diferentes temperaturas estabelecendo energia de ativação (Ea) de 34,32 kcal mol-1. A degradação de vitamina C foi mais lenta (t1/2 = 63,6dias; e k = 0,0109 dias-1) à 0ºC o que proporcionou maior retenção de seus teores (89%) durante 10 dias de armazenamento. As frutas armazenadas à 12ºC apresentaram maior velocidade de degradação (k = 0,1729 dias-1) e, consequentemente, t1/2 inferior às demais temperaturas (apenas 4 dias).

This work was used to evaluate the kinetic parameters for degradation of vitamin C on the shelf-life of minimally processed mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) stored at different temperatures. 'Palmer' Mangos were washed in running water, sanitized, peeled, manually sliced and again sanitized. The product was packaged in polyethylene packaging with lid and stored at 0ºC, 6°C and 12 °C (85-90% RH). To monitor its shelf-life, the following tests were done every two days: values L* a* b*, weight loss, pH, firmness, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA) and content of vitamin C. The minimally processed mangoes stored at 0ºC and 6ºC showed shelf-life of 10 days, whereas the shelf-life of mangoes stored at 12°C was 4 days. The data obtained by linear regression with the values of the Neperian logarithm content of ascorbic acid by the time of storage (days) show that the reaction of degradation of vitamin C fits the kinetic model of 1st order. The Arrhenius model was applied to the speed of reaction (k) at different temperatures by setting the activation energy (Ea) of 34,32 kcal.mol-1. The degradation of vitamin C was slower (t1 / 2 = 63.6 days, and k = 0.0109 days-1) at 0°C, which provided greater retention of its contents (89%) during 10 days of storage. Fruits stored at 12°C showed a higher rate of degradation (k = 0.1729 days-1) and, consequently, t1 / 2 less than the other temperatures (only 4 days).

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de substâncias húmicas e de diferentes substratos orgânicos na qualidade textural dos frutos do tomateiro híbrido Vênus, em ambiente protegido. Utilizaram-se, quatro tipos de substratos: fibra de coco; fibra de coco e casca de café carbonizada 1/3 (v/v); fibra de coco e casca de café carbonizada 2/3 (v/v); e casca de café carbonizada. As doses de substâncias húmicas (ácido húmico, 10% + ácido fúlvico 10,2%) utilizadas foram 0, 20, 40 e 80 L ha-1, aplicadas ao substrato quinzenalmente, a partir do oitavo dia após o transplantio. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 4x4. Avaliaram-se firmeza dos frutos, percentagem de solubilização péctica e atividade enzimática (pectinametilesterase e poligalacturonase). Observou-se variação na atividade das enzimas pectinametilesterase e poligalacturonase, em consequência das doses de substâncias húmicas adicionadas, nos diferentes substratos. O efeito das doses de substâncias húmicas sobre a firmeza, solubilidade de pectinas e atividade enzimática, em frutos de tomate, depende do substrato utilizado. Frutos obtidos de plantas cultivadas em fibra de coco apresentaram aumento de firmeza e redução da percentagem de solubilização péctica com a aplicação de doses crescentes de substâncias húmicas.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of humic substances and of different organic substrates on the textural quality of tomato fruit of the Vênus hybrid, in a protected environment. Four types of substrates were used: coconut fiber; coconut fiber and carbonized coffee husk 1/3 (v/v); coconut fiber and carbonized coffee husk 2/3 (v/v); and carbonized coffee husk. The humic substances (humic acid, 10% + fulvic acid, 10,2%) dosages of 0, 20, 40 and 80 L ha-1 were applied onto the substrates fortnightly from the eighth day after transplanting. The experimental design was in randomized block in a 4x4 factorial arrangement. Evaluations were done for fruit firmness, percentage of pectin solubilization, and enzymatic activity (pectinmethylesterase and polygalacturonase). Different enzymatic activities of pectinmethylesterase and polygalacturonase were observed according to the doses of humic substances added to the different substrates. The humic substances dosage effects of the humic substances in fruit firmness, pectin solubility and enzymatic activity were dependent upon the substrate used. Fruit grown in coconut fiber had an increase in firmness and a reduction in the percentage of pectin solubilization with the application of increasing doses of humic substances.