ABSTRACT Grain yield is a constant concern in soybean breeding programs for being highly influenced by the environment. This trait can be significantly affected by the sowing times. Thus, for the correct cultivar recommendation, methods of stability and adaptability analysis are used to verify the genotype x environment interaction at different sowing times. In this study, ten soybean cultivars were evaluated in 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons, at different sowing times. Each experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with three replications. The methods of Eberhart & Russel and Lin & Binns were used for cultivars recommendation for general, favorable, and unfavorable environments. Cultivars CS2728, BONUS, and BRS1074 show high yield and predictability and therefore are the most suitable for the region of Chapadão do Sul.

ABSTRACT: Cobia is one of the most promising warm water aquaculture species. In Brazil, cobia farming began in 2008 in the state of Rio de Janeiro from experimental scale facilities to regular near-shore farms based on fresh/frozen fish diets composed mostly of Sardinella sp. Despite the encouraging results achieved in the promotion of sustainable cobia farming, we advocate the replacement of fresh/frozen fish by a practical formulated feed. This experiment evaluated the zootechnical performance and environmental efficiency of moist and practical formulated feeds in early grow-out phases in the cycle of cobia nearshore cage culture. Four hundred and twenty juvenile cobia (151 ± 7 g) were fed with moist feed and practical formulated feed for 56 days. Biometrics were taken every two weeks and diets were analyzed for proximate composition, fatty acid composition and pellet quality. Although growth performance was equivalent between treatments, feed consumption and feed conversion ratios (FCR) were different (p < 0.05) and varied according to water temperature. Cobia fed moist feed exhibited an FCR two times higher than those fed formulated feed. Elevated settling speed and low floatability contributed to higher heterogeneity and lower efficiency of fish fed moist diet. Nitrogen excretion rate was reduced (64 %) and protein efficiency ratio elevated (27 %) within formulated diet groups in comparison to those fed moist diet (79 % and 15 %, respectively). The fatty acid profile of cobia muscle was similar across the groups. With no negative effects of diet substitution on production performance and improvement of environmental efficiency, this approach can be applied and advocated globally and contribute to the responsible intensification of sustainable marine fish culture.

Abstract Studies highlight the hypocotyl diameter (HD) as an effective indicator of plant architecture (PA). Here, we estimated the genetic gain based on HD to improve PA. Twenty populations of cycles zero (C0) and one (C1), both in the F4 generation, were evaluated for PA, grain yield (GY) and HD. Plants with thickest HD in C0 were intercrossed in a circulant diallel mating design. In cycle C1, an estimated genetic gain of 4.93% was achieved for PA and 4.95% for HD. The populations with the highest probability of breeding lines with a thicker HD belong to cycle C1, and this selection strategy did not alter the GY of the populations of this cycle. Thus, indirect selection based on HD is promising for breeding for common bean PA by recurrent mass selection.

Resumo Parâmetros de qualidade da água, composição e abundância do fitoplâncton e do proto e meso-zooplâncton foram avaliadas espaço-temporalmente no estuário receptor de efluentes de uma fazenda produtora de camarão Litopenaeus vannamei na Lagoa dos Patos, Brasil. As amostras foram tomadas em sete pontos antes (BD) e; 1 dia (1 PD), 5 dias (5 PD), 10 dias (10 PD), 20 dias (20 PD) e 30 dias (30 PD) após a descarga dos efluentes. Alguns dos parâmetros de qualidade de água sofreram alterações devido ao lançamento dos efluentes, restritos a 20 m de distância do canal de descarga dos efluentes e por um período máximo de 5 dias. A comunidade microbiana sofreu variação em 1 PD comparativamente a BD. A abundância zooplanctônica foi baixa na maioria das amostras, com exceção de alguns pontos em 30 PD. Os copépodos foram o único grupo encontrado no meso-zooplâncton, na sua grande maioria a espécie Acartia tonsa. Apesar de modificações em alguns parâmetros avaliados nos primeiros dias após o lançamento dos efluentes, essas alterações foram assimiladas em um curto período. Os parâmetros de qualidade de água mantiveram-se dentro dos limites estipulados pela legislação e o ambiente assimilou de maneira rápida as mudanças ocorridas.

Abstract Water quality, chlorophyll a, phytoplankton, proto and mezo-zooplankton abundance were spatiotemporally evaluated in an estuary receiving effluents from a Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei farm in Patos Lagoon estuary, Southern Brazil. Samples were taken before (BD) and; 1 day (1 PD) 5 days (5 PD), 10 days (10 PD), 20 days (20 PD) and 30 days (30 PD) after the effluents discharge. Some water quality parameters were affected by the effluents discharge; however, these changes were restricted to a distance of 20 m from the effluent discharge channel for a period of 5 days. The microbial community was dominated by chlorophyceae, followed by diatoms, cyanobacteria and ciliates. There was an increase in the abundance of different groups on the 1 PD sampling compared to BD. The zooplankton abundance was low in practically all sites, except for 30 PD sampling. The meso-zooplanktonic organisms were represented by copepods, mostly Acartia tonsa. Despite some effects on water quality and phytoplankton and protozooplankton abundance until 5 PD sampling, these alterations dissipated in a short period of time. We conclude that the environment quickly assimilated the effluents discharge, and the water quality parameters remained within the limits stipulated by standard guidelines.

This study evaluates the effects of the previous addition of sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and biofilm in a Litopenaeus vannamei biofloc culture. Five treatments were tested in 180 L - tanks: NaNO2 (-20) addition of NaNO2 for 20 days before stocking and without artificial substrates; NaNO2+B (-20) addition of NaNO2 for 20 days before stocking, with 150% additional artificial substrates; NaNO2 (Stocking) addition of NaNO2 at stocking and no artificial substrates; NaNO2 +B (Stocking) addition of NaNO2 at stocking, with 150% additional artificial substrates and; Control, without NaNO2 addition and without artificial substrates. The study was carried out in two phases: shrimps (0.21 ± 0.08 g) were stocked at a density of 400 ind m-2/1,100 ind m-3, for 30 days (nursery). After this period, the animals were restocked at a lower density (120 ind m-2/400 ind m-3) for 18 more days (grow-out). The turbidity and seattleable solids were higher in treatments without artificial substrates, independently of the addition of NaNO2. The ammonia and nitrite were lower in control, and the nitrate concentrations were higher in treatments with addition of NaNO2 without biofilm. At the end of the nursery, the survival was lower in treatment NaNO2 (-20), and at the end of grow-out the final biomasses were higher in treatments with addition of NaNO2 at the stocking day. In conclusion, the use of a dose of NaNO2 at the stocking day could increase the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, and the biofilm may contribute to the reduction in suspended particles in water, enhancing shrimp production in biofloc technology system.

Se evaluó los efectos de la adición previa de nitrito de sodio (NaNO2) y biofilm al cultivo de Litopenaeus vannamei en sistema biofloc. Se analizaron cinco tratamientos en estanques de 180 L: NaNO2 (-20) adición de NaNO2 durante 20 días antes de la siembra y sin sustratos artificiales; NaNO2+B (-20) adición de NaNO2 durante 20 días antes de la siembra y con 150% de adición de sustratos artificiales; NaNO2 (Stocking) adición de NaNO2 en la siembra y sin sustratos artificiales; NaNO2 +B (Stocking) adición de NaNO2 en la siembra y con 150% de adición de sustratos artificiales; Control sin adición de NaNO2 y sin substratos artificiales. La densidad de siembra utilizada inicialmente fue de 400 ind m-2/ 1.100 ind m-3 durante 30 días (pre-cría). Después de este periodo, los camarones fueron sembrados a 120 ind m-2/400 ind m-3 por más de 18 días (engorde). La turbidez y los sólidos sedimentables fueron más elevados en los tratamientos sin sustratos artificiales, independientemente de la adición del NaNO2. Las concentraciones de amonio y nitrito fueron inferiores en el control, y las concentraciones de nitrato fueron mayores con la adición de NaNO2 y sin sustratos artificiales. Después del periodo de pre-cría, la supervivencia fue menor en el tratamiento NaNO2 (-20), y al final del período de engorde las biomasas fueron más altas en los tratamientos con adición de NaNO2 en la siembra. En conclusión, la utilización de una dosis de NaNO2 en la siembra puede aumentar las bacterias nitrito-oxidantes, y el biofilm puede contribuir a la reducción de partículas suspendidas en el agua, mejorando la producción de camarones en sistema biofloc.

Effects of shrimp confinement in a situation of high density stocking in a long term nursery on their growth performance in grow out ponds. Were analized two nurseries with a density of 2000 shrimp m-2 were stocked at two different times. The first nursery (LTN) lasted 144 days, and the SGR of the animals was 3.0% day-1. The second nursery (STN) lasted 18 days and the specific growth rate (SGR) was 19.9% day-1. On the same day, shrimps were transferred to six lined ponds at a density of 20 shrimp m-2 where they remained for 101 days. In the first biometry, the SGR in the LTN treatment, increased to 6.7% day-1 and in the STN it decreased to 5.0% day-1. At the end, shrimps of the LTN and STN treatments reached weights of 8.46 and 6.72 g and had productivities of 1287 and 1015 kg ha-1, respectively. Shrimps reared in nurseries for long periods showed growth and survival rates similar to those obtained using conventional management practices in grow out structures.

Se analizó el efecto del confinamiento de camarones en una situación de alta densidad de población en una pre-engorda, sobre su crecimiento a largo plazo en los estanques de engorde. Dos estanques de pre-engorda con densidad de 2,000 camarones m-2 fueron sembrados en dos momentos diferentes. La primera crianza de largo plazo (LTN) duró 144 días, y la tasa de crecimiento específico (SGR) de los animales fue 3,0% día-1. La segunda crianza de corto plazo (STN) duró 18 días y el SGR fue 19,9% día-1. En el mismo día, los camarones fueron trasladados a seis estanques en una densidad de 20 camarones m-2, donde permanecieron durante 101 días. En la primera biometría, la SGR en el tratamiento LTN aumentó a 6,7% día-1 y STN disminuyó a 5,0% día-1. Al final, los camarones de los tratamientos LTN y STN llegaron a 8,46 y 6,72 g con productividad de 1.287 y 1.015 kg ha-1, respectivamente. Los camarones cultivados en pre-engorda durante largos períodos presentaron crecimiento y supervivencia similares a los obtenidos mediante prácticas de manejo convencionales en los estanques de engorda.

RESUMO Este artigo reporta o processo inflamatório agudo e celular no marisco brancoMesodesma mactroides, induzido através de injeção de tinta nanquim no pé muscular. Obervações histológicas com microscopia óptica e eletrônica foram realizadas 24 e 48 h após a injeção. A resposta celular inflamatória induzida consistiu de infiltração hemocitária geral sem ocorrência de necrose e atividade apoptótica. Migração de fagócitos carregados de tinta nanquim através do epitélio intestinal foi registrada. Parece que o marisco branco excretou partículas de nanquim pelas brânquias e rim. A tinção positiva para apoptose foi observada na glândula digestiva. Microscopia eletrônica da glândula digestiva revelou mudanças ultraestruturais de estresse do retículo endoplasmático e corpos apoptóticos. O mecanismo pelo qual as partículas de tinta nanquim induzem apoptose continua desconhecido, possivelmente associado ao estresse do retículo endoplasmático. Este trabalho destacou características que exigem discussões na área restrita das respostas inflamatórias de moluscos.

ABSTRACT This paper reports on the acute inflammatory and cellular process in the yellow clam, Mesodesma mactroides, induced by injection of India ink into the muscular foot. Histological observations with optical and electronic microscopy were made at 24 and 48 h after injection. The induced cellular inflammatory response consisted of a general hemocyte infiltration without necrosis and apoptotic activity. Migration of ink-laden phagocytes across the intestinal epithelium was recorded. It appeared that the yellow clam "excreted" ink particles through the gill and kidney. The positive staining for apoptosis was observed in the digestive gland. Electronic microscopy revealed ultrastructural changes of endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptotic bodies in the digestive gland. The mechanism by which the India ink particles induce apoptosis remains unknown, but might possibly be associated with the endoplasmic reticulum stress. This work has highlighted features that require further discussion in the restricted field the inflammatory responses of mollusks.

RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a consistência da predição, dos potenciais de populações de feijão quanto ao diâmetro do hipocótilo (DH) e à produtividade de grãos (PROD), em duas safras, pelas metodologias de Jinks & Pooni e das estimativas de m + a'e de d. Para isso, foram avaliadas 48 populações segregantes, nas safras de inverno de 2009 (gerações F2e F3, simultaneamente) e de seca de 2010 (gerações F3e F4, simultaneamente), além de 16 testemunhas. Pela metodologia de Jinks e Pooni, verificou-se que apenas quatro e duas populações foram coincidentes entre as 12 melhores nas duas safras, para DH e PROD, respectivamente. A correlação entre (inverno) x (seca) foi significativa e de magnitude razoável para os dois caracteres, enquanto, para (inverno) x (seca), foi inexpressiva, indicando maior influência dos efeitos ambientais nas estimativas de variância do que das médias. Constatou-se baixa correlação entre os pares m + a'(inverno) x m + a'(seca) e d(inverno) x d(seca) para ambos os caracteres, evidenciando que essas estimativas também sofrem grande efeito de ambientes. As populações mais promissoras, considerando-se o DH e a PROD, simultaneamente, foram IPR Uirapuru x L1, BRS Valente x VC6 e CNFC 9466 x VC6, pela metodologia de Jinks & Pooni e CNFC 9466 x L3, BRS Horizonte x VC6 e IPR Uirapuru x BRSMG Madrepérola, pelo método de m + a'e de d. Assim, essas metodologias são complementares na predição do potencial de populações segregantes de feijoeiro.

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to verify the consistency in predicting the potential of common bean populations regarding the hypocotyl diameter (HD) and grain yield (GY) in two planting seasons applying the methodology of Jinks and Pooni and the estimates m+a'and d. A total of 48 segregating populations were evaluated in the 2009 winter season (generations F2and F3, simultaneously) and the 2010 dry season (generations F3and F4, simultaneously), besides16 controls. Based on the Jinks and Pooni methodology, it was verified that only four and two populations coincided among the twelve best in the two crops, for HD and GY, respectively. The correlation between (winter season) x (dry season) was significant and of reasonable magnitude for the two characters, but inexpressive for (winter season) x (dry season), indicating greater influence of the environmental effects on the variance estimates than on the mean estimates. A low correlation between the pairs m+a'(winter season) x m+a'(dry season) and d(winter season) x d(dry season) was verified for both characters, showing that these estimates are also highly influenced by the environment. The most promising populations, considering HD and GY, simultaneously, were IPR Uirapuru x L1, BRS Valente x VC6, and CNFC 9466 x VC6, according to the Jinks and Pooni methodology; and CNFC 9466 x L3, BRS Horizonte x VC6, and IPR Uirapuru x BRSMG Madreperola, by the estimates m+a'and d. Thus, these methodologies are complementary in predicting the potential of common bean segregating populations.

Considerando o rápido desenvolvimento das atividades relacionadas a aquicultura no mundo, é cada vez mais necessário o uso de métodos visando à seleção de locais potenciais para o seu desenvolvimento. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo definir áreas propícias para o desenvolvimento da carcinicultura marinha em viveiros escavados, na região do baixo estuário da Laguna dos Patos, sul do Brasil. Utilizou-se imagem do satélite Landsat 7 ETM+, órbita-ponto 221-082 de 24/10/2001, com combinação das bandas 1, 2 e 3. A análise espacial foi realizada com o software Idrisi Andes edition® (ver. 15.01 - Clark University). As áreas foram selecionadas a partir da exclusão de áreas legalmente protegidas, seguido de análise multicriterial de atratividade considerando, por exemplo, o custo de oportunidade e a distância de infraestruturas, dentre outros. Como resultado, as áreas consideradas mais atrativas perfazem um total de 5.300 hectares (16,84%), enquanto 14.600 hectares (46,78%) possuem condições consideradas boas. Salienta-se que as áreas consideradas com potencial alto possibilitam um menor investimento na construção dos viveiros.

Considering the rapidly developing aquaculture in the world, is increasingly necessary to use methods aimed at the selection of potential sites for a variety of aquaculture activities Thus, the present study in order to define areas suitable for the development of marine shrimp earth ponds culture in the lower estuary of the Patos Lagoon, southern Brazil. We used Landsat 7 image ETM+ satellite, 221-082 point-orbit of 24/10/2001, with the combination of bands 1, 2 and 3. Spatial analysis was performed with the software Idrisi Andes Edition® (ver. 15.01-Clark University). The areas were selected from the exclusion of legally protected areas, followed by attractiveness multicriteria analysis, considering for example the opportunity cost and distance from infrastructure, among others. As a result, a total of 5,300 hectares (16.84%) were considered most attractive, while 14,600 hectares (46.78%) are considered in good conditions. Thus, it should be noted that the areas considered enabling a high potential and smaller investment in the construction of farms (hours/machine).

Modelos ecológicos têm sido utilizados como ferramenta para avaliar potenciais impactos ambientais causados pela aquicultura. Neste trabalho, foi aplicado um modelo matemático para estimar a quantidade máxima de unidades de produção (cercados com 3.100 m2) do camarão-rosa Farfantepenaeus paulensis que podem ser instalados em duas baías rasas no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos (conhecidas como Coreia e Porto do Rei), sem efeitos significativos sobre a qualidade da água e viabilidade do sistema de engorda. Para calibrar o modelo, informações sobre a criação de Litopenaeus vannamei e F. paulensis, bem como dados de campo (influência de material de pano, a velocidade da corrente da água e concentração de nitrogênio) foram utilizados. Considerando um cenário ruim, velocidade da corrente da água de 0,01 m s–1 e um efeito de colmatação da malha de 40%, seria possível instalar no máximo 29 cercados na baía Coreia e 39 na baia Porto do Rei. Os resultados indicam que o modelo foi útil para determinar o número máximo de unidades de produção que podem ser instalados nestes compartimentos e, portanto, tem o potencial para se tornar uma ferramenta importante na definição de estratégias de gestão ambiental, em relação ao desenvolvimento da aquicultura.

Ecological modeling has been used as a tool to estimate potential impacts caused by aquaculture to the surrounding environment. In this work, a mathematical model was applied to estimate the maximum amount of pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus paulensis) culture units (3,100m2 pen enclosures) that could be installed at two shallow estuarine bays of Patos Lagoon (known as Coreia and Porto do Rei) with no significant effects on either water quality or viability of the culture system. To calibrate the model, information about the culture of Litopenaeus vannamei and F. paulensis as well as field data (influence of netting material, water current speed and nitrogen concentrations) were used. Under a bad scenario (water current velocity of 0.01m s–1 and a mesh clogging effect of 40%), it would be possible to install up to 29 pens at the Coreia bay, and 39 pens at the Porto do Rei bay. Results indicate that the model was useful in determining the maximum number of culture units that could be installed at these bays, and thus have the potential to become an important tool in the definition of environmental management strategies in relation to aquaculture development.

The capture of juvenile shrimp as live bait for sport fishing has intensified, as has the trade of shrimp in different locations. The transport of shrimp to regions, other than those in which they are captured, is often poorly performed due to the lack of information regarding effective transport, resulting in high mortality of the transported animals. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum stocking density for the transport of juvenile Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (weight: 5.53 ± 1.20 g) and to evaluate the effect of the addition of hydrated lime in the transport water. Four stocking densities were tested for transport (1, 2, 3 and 4 ind L-1). Following the analysis of the results obtained in the density experiment, the addition of hydrated lime (0.15 g L-1) in the transport water was also tested. Water quality and the final survival were negatively correlated with increasing stocking density. The results of this study demonstrated that the highest density that can be used to avoid mortality is 3 ind L-1 for a maximum period of 10 h. The use of hydrated lime in the transport water attenuated the observed effects on water quality parameters.

La captura de juveniles de camarón como carnada viva para la pesca deportiva se ha intensificado, al igual que el comercio de camarón en diferentes ciudades. El transporte de camarones a regiones distintas de aquellas en las que se capturan, a menudo se realiza en forma inapropiada, debido a la falta de información sobre el transporte eficaz, lo que resulta en una alta mortalidad de los animales transportados. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la densidad óptima para el transporte de camarón rosa Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (peso: 5,53 ± 1,20 g), y evaluar el efecto de la adición de cal hidratada en el agua de transporte. Se hicieron pruebas con cuatro densidades de siembra para el transporte (1, 2, 3 y 4 ind L-1), y luego del análisis de los resultados obtenidos en el ensayo de densidad, se realizó una prueba con la adición de cal hidratada (0,15 g L-1) en el agua de transporte. La calidad del agua y la sobrevivencia final se correlacionaron negativamente con el aumento de la densidad de población. Los resultados de este estudio demuestran que la densidad más alta que se puede utilizar, para evitar la mortalidad en el transporte de camarón, es de 3 ind L-1 por un periodo máximo de 10 h. El uso de cal hidratada en el agua del transporte atenúa los efectos observados en los parámetros de calidad del agua.

Os experimentos foram realizados para investigar os efeitos da amônia, nitrito e nitrato no consumo alimentar de juvenis de Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis. Os camarões com peso médio de 4g foram aclimatados durante 28 dias em diferentes concentrações crônicas de amônia, nitrito e nitrato. Após o período de exposição de 28 dias, 20 camarões por tratamento foram individualizados em unidades experimentais de 3 L, a fim de ser analisado o consumo de ração em função da quantidade de alimento oferecido e as sobras durante um período de 24 horas. O consumo alimentar apresentou alterações significativas (P<0,05) para os camarões expostos às concentrações de nitrito e nitrato testadas, enquanto para o tratamento com amônia, os camarões não apresentaram alterações no consumo alimentar (P>0,05). Foi verificado que o nitrito e o nitrato afetam o consumo alimentar de F. brasiliensis. Contudo, a possibilidade de que isso ocorra durante longos períodos, afetando negativamente o cultivo de espécies em cativeiro, reforçam a necessidade do manejo da qualidade de água.

The experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate on food consumption of juvenile F. brasiliensis. The juvenile shrimp were acclimated for 28 days with different cronic concentrations of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate. After the acclimation period, 20 shrimps per treatment were individualized in 3 L experimental units in order to analyze their feed intake through the amount of feed offered and leftover for a period of 24 hours. The food consumption presented significant alteration (P<0.05) for the nitrite and nitrate concentrations tested, meanwhile on ammonia treatment, shrimp presented no alteration on food intake (P>0.05). According to the results obtained, nitrite and nitrate affected F. brasiliensis food consumption. However, the possibility of this to happen over long periods, can damage the species in captivity, reinforced the necessity of regular water quality management.

O feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é uma importante fonte de cobre na nutrição humana. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a existência de efeito materno para a concentração de cobre em sementes de feijão comum, estimar a herdabilidade e os ganhos na seleção em gerações precoces para o caráter concentração de cobre e avaliar o potencial para o melhoramento genético. Os cruzamentos controlados foram realizados entre as cultivares IAPAR 44 x IAPAR 31 e Diamante Negro x TPS Bonito. As gerações F1, F1 recíproco, F2 e F2 recíproco, bem como as populações de retrocruzamentos foram obtidas para cada combinação híbrida. A faixa de variação da concentração de cobre entre as progênies testadas foi de 1,07 a 7,75 mg kg-1 de matéria seca, e nenhum efeito materno significativo foi detectado. A herdabilidade em sentido restrito foi de intermediária (51,98%) a alta (61,99%). Um incremento de 46,78% foi obtido para a concentração de cobre nas sementes utilizando os quatro parentais testados nesse trabalho.

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important source of copper in human nutrition. The objective of this research was to investigate the possible maternal effects on copper concentrations in the seeds of the common bean, to estimate the heritability and the selection gains in early hybrid generations for the characteristic of copper concentration and to evaluate the potential for genetic improvement. The controlled crossings were performed among IAPAR 44 x IAPAR 31 and Diamante Negro x TPS Bonito cultivars. The reciprocal F1, and F2 generations, as well as the backcross populations, were produced by each hybrid combination. The range of variation in the copper concentration among the tested progenies was from 1.07 to 7.75 mg kg-1 dry matter, and no significant maternal effect was discovered. A narrow-sense heritability was of an intermediate (51.98%) to high (61.99%) value. A 46.78% increase in the copper concentration was obtained in the seeds using only the four parents tested in this study.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a densidade de estocagem ideal para o cultivo de camarão-branco, em sistema de biofloco sem renovação de água. Foram realizados dois experimentos inteiramente casualizados, com três repetições para cada tratamento. No primeiro, juvenis de camarão-branco, com peso médio inicial de 1,23±0,09 g, foram cultivados a densidades de estocagem de 833, 1.250, 1.667, 2.083 e 2.500 camarões por m³. No segundo experimento, o peso médio inicial foi de 6,32±0,7 g, e as densidades foram de 566, 833, 1.111, 1.388 e 1.667 camarões por m³. Os melhores resultados de produtividade, com médias de 9,92 e 10,77 kg m-3, foram obtidos com 1.667 e 1.111 camarões por m³, respectivamente, no primeiro e segundo experimentos. O aumento da densidade de estocagem afeta o crescimento e a sobrevivência do camarão-branco em sistema de biofloco.

The objective of this work was to determine the optimal stocking density for Pacific white shrimp farming, in biofloc culture system (BFT) without water exchange. Two completely randomized experiments were carried out, with three replicates for each treatment. In the first experiment, juveniles with 1.23±0.09 g initial mean weight were reared at the stocking densities of 833, 1,250, 1,667, 2,083, and 2,500 shrimp per m³. In the second experiment, the initial mean weight was 6.32 ± 0,7 g, and the densities were 566, 833, 1,111, 1,388, and 1,667 shrimps per m³. The best productivity results, with the means 9.92 and 10.77 kg m-3, were obtained at 1,667 and 1,111 shrimp per m³, respectively, in the first and second experiments. Increasing stocking density affects growth and survival of white shrimp farmed in biofloc system.

Visando incorporar resistência aos patógenos da antracnose e da mancha-angular nas linhagens VC8 e VC9 e na cultivar BRSMG Talismã, foram realizados cruzamentos destas com a linhagem Rudá-R, doadora dos alelos Phg1, Co-4, Co-10, que conferem resistência à Pseudocercospora griseola e Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Após a realização dos cruzamentos e obtenção das populações de retrocruzamentos, as plantas RC1F1 foram inoculadas com a raça 65 de C. lindemuthianum. As resistentes foram genotipadas com os marcadores SCARH13, SCARY20 e SCARF10, ligados aos alelos Phg1, Co-4 e Co-10, respectivamente. Com base nos dados moleculares foram selecionadas 44 plantas. As progênies provenientes da multiplicação destas plantas foram avaliadas em três safras quanto à produtividade de grãos, arquitetura de planta e aspecto dos grãos. Levando-se em conta estas avaliações e os dados moleculares, foram selecionadas 13 progênies promissoras para a extração de linhagens.

Aiming to incorporate resistance to the anthracnose and angular leaf spot pathogens in the common bean lines BRSMG Talismã, VC8 and VC9, crosses were made between these lines and the line Rudá-R, donor of the alleles Phg1, Co-4, Co-10, which confer resistance to Pseudocercospora griseola and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. After the crosses, the backcross populations were obtained, and the RC1F1 plants were inoculated with race 65 of C. lindemuthianum. The resistant plants were genotyped with the markers SCARH13, SCARY20 and SCARF10, linked to the alleles Phg1, Co-4 and Co-10, respectively. Based on the molecular data, 44 plants were selected. The progenies originating from multiplication of these plants were evaluated over three seasons for grain yield, plant architecture and grain aspects. Based on these considerations and molecular data, 13 promising progenies were selected for developing inbreds.