Abstract Raphidascarid nematodes have been the focus of several studies, mainly due to the zoonotic potential of some species, even though the cases are underreported. Due to the difficulty in identifying their larvae, the use of diagnostic techniques involving morphological and molecular analyses has grown in the last 20 years. The present study had as objective the morphological and molecular characterization of the L3 larval types of Hysterothylacium collected in Pomatomus saltatrix and Pagrus pagrus from the Brazilian coast, close to the municipality of Santos, State of São Paulo. Twenty specimens of P. saltatrix were necropsied and Hysterothylacium type V (n = 257) and Hysterothylacium type X (n = 5) larvae were found. Five specimens of P. pagrus were necropsied and all were parasitized by Hysterothylacium type V larvae. The analyses showed a genetic proximity relationship between Hysterothylacium types V with other Hysterothylacium V and with H. deardorffoverstreetorum, although this is a species inquirenda. Haplotypes for Hysterothylacium type X found in the present study formed a monophyletic group with other Hysterothylacium X, H. amoyense, and H. zhoushanense. Through this study, new hosts and localities were registered for Hysterothylacium type V and Hysterothylacium type X.

OBJETIVO: Diante das controvérsias encontradas na literatura, procurou-se verificar a influência do uso de albumina humana exógena sobre o estado nutricional e a evolução de parâmetros clínicos de recém-nascidos em nutrição parenteral total. MÉTODOS: Estudo caso-controle incluindo 30 recém-nascidos gravemente doentes com peso inferior a 2.500 g, divididos em dois grupos: 15 recém-nascidos recebendo nutrição parenteral total sem albumina (grupo controle C) e 15 com albumina humana (grupo A). Foram realizadas dosagens de proteínas totais, albumina, pré-albumina e proteína ligadora do retinol no início (3-4 dias) e no fim do estudo (10-11 dias de idade pós-natal). No sétimo dia de estudo, foi realizado balanço da retenção de nitrogênio. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros clínicos: peso, idade de início da alimentação enteral, tempo para atingir volume enteral pleno, tempo de permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva, tempo total de internação e mortalidade. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença significativa (p < 0,05) nos níveis séricos de albumina e das proteínas totais entre os grupos ao final do estudo. Para os níveis de albumina, o grupo C obteve mediana de 2,95 g/dl (2,71-3,16 g/dl), e o grupo A, mediana de 4,10 g/dl (3,76-4,66 g/dl). Para os níveis de proteínas totais, os grupos obtiveram 4,9 g/dl (4,4-5,2 g/dl) e 5,6 g/dl (5,5-6,3 g/dl), respectivamente, porém sem repercussão sobre nenhum dos demais parâmetros avaliados. CONCLUSÕES: No presente estudo, não foram encontrados indicadores de benefício com o uso de albumina humana na nutrição parenteral total de recém-nascidos gravemente doentes que suportem a recomendação do seu uso, a não ser que o objetivo seja a elevação dos níveis da albuminemia.

OBJECTIVE: In view of the controversies found in the literature, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of the use of exogenous human albumin on the nutritional status of newborn infants submitted to total parenteral nutrition. METHODS: Thirty critically ill newborn infants weighing less than 2,500 g were divided into two groups: 15 infants receiving total parenteral nutrition without human albumin (C control group) and 15 with human albumin (group A). Total protein, albumin, prealbumin, and retinol-binding protein were determined at the beginning (3-4 days of postnatal age) and at the end of the study (10-11 days of postnatal age). On the seventh day of the study, nitrogen balance (retention) was measured. The following clinical parameters were evaluated: weight, age at the beginning of enteral nutrition, time to reach a full enteral volume, length of stay in the intensive care unit, total hospitalization time, and mortality. RESULTS: The results showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in serum albumin and total protein levels (p < 0.05) between groups at the end of the study. Median albumin levels were 2.95 g/dl in group C (2.71-3.16 g/dl), whereas group A showed median albumin levels of 4.10 g/dl, (3.76-4.66 g/dl). Total protein levels were 4.9 g/dl (4.4-5.2 g/dl) and 5.6 g/dl (5.5-6.3 g/dl), respectively, with no repercussions on any of the remaining parameters evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the results obtained in the present study, no benefits were derived from the use of human albumin in total parenteral nutrition in severely ill newborns; therefore its use cannot be recommended, unless the objective is exclusively to elevate albumin levels.