Six Trichoderma spp. native strains were identified to specie and studied to determine their growth rate and antagonism against plant pathogen fungi. The strains were cultivated on Potato Dextrose Agar to determine their morphological characteristics and growth rate. Molecular analysis was carried out to identify their species. The antagonistic activity was tested by the dual cultures confrontation method. Although morphological characteristics of strains were similar to T. harzianum and T. viride, the molecular analysis showed that strains TC74, TC74M, T341, T359 and T479, were T. asperellum and T397 was T. longibrachiatum. Trichoderma strains mean growth rate at 25 °C ranged from 12 to 17 mmd-1. Inhibition of the B. cinerea growth ranged from 60% to 75% and mycelium overgrown from 25% to 100%. Inhibition of R. solani growth ranged from 34% to 52% and overgrown from 15% to 100%. Antagonistic activity of T. asperellum TC74, T341 and T359 was similar to reference strains T22 and Th. The same three strains inhibited the M. phaseolina growth from 44% to 64%, R. solani from 51% to 59%, P. omnivora 28% to 37% and Fusarium sp. 5%to 14%.

Seis cepas nativas de Trichoderma spp. se identificaron a especie y se determinó su tasa de crecimiento y antagonismo contra diferentes hongos fitopatógenos. Sus características morfológicas y tasa de crecimiento se determinaron cultivándolas en Papa Dextrosa Agar y mediante un análisis molecular se identificó la especie. El antagonismo fue evaluado mediante confrontación por cultivos duales. Morfológicamente las cepas fueron similares a T. harzianum y a T. viride; sin embargo, el análisis molecular identificó a TC74, TC74M, T341, T359 y T479, como T.asperellum y a T397 como T. longibrachiatum. La tasa de crecimiento promedio de las cepas a 25 °C varió de 12 a 17 mmd-1. La inhibición del crecimiento de B. cinerea varió 60% a 75% y el sobrecrecimiento sobre su micelio 25% a 100%. La inhibición de R. solani varió 34% a 52% y el sobrecrecimiento 15% a 100%. La actividad antagónica de T. asperellum TC74, T341 y T359 fue similar a las cepas de referencia T22 y Th. Estas tres cepas también inhibieron 44% a 64% el crecimiento de M. phaseolina, 51% a 59% el de R. solani, 28% a 37% el de P. omnivora y 5% a 14% el de Fusarium sp.

Se estudio la diversidad y abundancia de la comunidad béntica malacológica asociada a Thalassia testudinum en cuatro localidades de la Bahía de Mochima, Estado Sucre, Venezuela. Las muestras fueron recolectadas mensualmente en cada localidad sobre transeptos perpendiculares a diferentes profundidades (0-4m) desde enero 1991 hasta diciembre 1991, utilizando una cuadrata de 0.25 m² para recolectar los organismos con el sedimento. Un total de 2 988 organismos de la infauna y epifauna, pertenecientes a las clases Gastrópoda (40) y Bivalvia (41) fueron identificados. Las especies más abundantes y en consecuencia mejor adaptadas a los habitats suministrados por la T. testudinum en la Bahía de Mochima fueron Anadara notabilis, Codakia orbicularis, Cerithium litteratum, Cerithium eburneum, Batillaria minima, Modiolus squamosus, Modulus modulus, Chione cancellata, Turritella variegata, Arca zebra, y Laevicardium laevigatum. Se determinaron diferencias significativas en el número de organismos en relación a la profundidad y el tiempo en la localidad de la Gabarra, la cual presentó los valores mas altos de diversidad total (4.51 bits/ind) y mensual (2.75-3.90 bits/ind). La biomasa y la abundancia de moluscos fueron bajas y la estación mas interna (Varadero) presentó los valores mas elevados. El bivalvo A. notabilis y el gastropodo Modulus modulus fueron las especies constantes en las cuatro estaciones.

The diversity and abundance of benthic malacological communities associated to Thalassia testudinum beds was studied at four localities of Mochima Bay, Sucre state, Venezuela. At each locality, samples were taken monthly on perpendicular transect at different depths (0-4 m), from January 1991 to December 1991, using a quadrate (0.25 m 2 ) for collecting mollusks and sediments. A total of 2 988 organisms of infauna and epifauna belonging to 81 species of the classes Gastropoda (41) and Bivalvia (40) were collected. More abundant species were Anadara notabilis, Codakia orbicularis, Cerithium litteratum, Cerithium eburneum, Batillaria minima, Modiolus squamosus, Modulus modulus, Chione cancellata, Turritella variegata, Arca zebra, y Laevicardium laevigatum. There were significant differences in number of organisms between depth and month at La Gabarra which presented the highest value of total (4.51 bits/ind) and monthly diversity (2.71-3.90 bits/ind). Biomass and abundance were low in the Mochima Bay while Varadero station presented the highest value. The bivalve A. notabilis and gastropod M. modulus were species common to the four stations.

OBJETIVO: estudar mecanismos e fatores relacionados com o abuso sexual, comparando suas freqüências entre vítimas crianças e adolescentes. MÉTODOS: estudo retrospectivo de 617 vítimas de abuso sexual atendidas entre julho de 1994 e agosto de 1999 pelo Centro de Referência da Saúde da Mulher; 71 crianças (idade < 10 anos) e 546 adolescentes (10 a 20 anos). As variáveis de estudo foram crime sexual; constrangimento; presunção de violência; tipificação do agressor; número de agressores; situação da vítima no momento do crime; e ocorrência de traumas físicos. Os dados foram informatizados em programa Epi Info 6 e os resultados analisados pelo teste de x². RESULTADOS: o estupro ocorreu em 90,8% das adolescentes e o atentado violento ao pudor em 46,5% das crianças. A violência presumida (VP) foi mais freqüente nas crianças (63,4%) e a grave ameaça nas adolescentes (63,2%). A inocencia consilli foi VP exclusiva entre crianças, atingindo 59,5% das adolescentes. Entre crianças, 84,5% foram abusadas por agressores identificáveis, geralmente do núcleo familiar, enquanto desconhecidos violentaram 72,3% das adolescentes. Nas crianças, o abuso ocorreu em 42,3% em suas residências e em 28,2% na do agressor. Adolescentes foram vitimadas durante atividades cotidianas (34,8%) e no percurso do trabalho ou escola (28,4%). A maioria das pacientes não apresentou traumas físicos genitais ou extragenitais. CONCLUSÕES: crianças foram submetidas, principalmente, ao atentado violento ao pudor, perpetrado por agressor conhecido, por meio de violência presumida e em ambientes privados. Nas adolescentes predominou o estupro por agressores desconhecidos, sob grave ameaça, em ambientes não domésticos.

OBJECTIVE: to study the frequency of sexual abuse in children and adolescents and its related factors. METHODS: retrospective analysis of 617 cases of sexual abuse, assisted between July 1994 and August 1999 at the Women's Health Reference Center, divided into two groups: 71 children (age <10 years), and 546 adolescents (age > or =10 and <20 years). The analyzed variables were: sexual crime; embarrassment; presumption of violence; characteristics and number of abusers; the victim's situation at the moment of the crime; and occurrence of physical traumas. Epi Info 6 software was utilized to gather data, and the results were analyzed by the chi-square test. RESULTS: significant statistic results were found. 90.8% of the adolescents were victims of rape, and 46.5% of the children suffered sexual assault. The presupposed violence (PV) was more frequent in the group of children (63.4%) and a serious threat in the group of adolescents (63.2%). Innocentia consilli was exclusive PV among 100% of children and 59.5% of adolescents. 84.5% of children were molested by identifiable abusers, most frequently family members. Perpetrators were unknown in 72.3% of the cases of adolescent abuse. 42.3% of sexual abuse of children occurred in their homes, and 28.2% at the abuser's. Adolescents were approached during daily activities (34.8%) and on their way to work or school (28.4%). Most patients did not have genital or extragenital trauma. CONCLUSIONS: children suffered sexual assault, perpetrated by a known abuser through presupposed violence in private places. Adolescents were raped by unknown individuals, under serious threat, in nondomestic places.