Reports on the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in dogs in South Africa are non-existent. This study investigated the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in 481 dogs visiting four rural community veterinary clinics in South Africa. Dogs were screened for Campylobacter spp. by culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between sex, clinic, breed and age and the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in dogs. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was 41.50% (95% confidence interval [CI], 37.39% - 46.04%). Campylobacter jejuni, C. upsaliensis and C. coli were detected in 29.31% (95% CI, 25.42% - 33.54%), 13.10% (95% CI, 10.37% - 16.42%) and 5.41% (95% CI, 3.71% - 7.82%) of dogs, respectively. Dogs carrying more than one species of Campylobacter spp. accounted for 6.23% (95% CI, 4.40% - 8.78%). Campylobacter upsaliensis and C. jejuni were detected in 3.74% (95% CI, 2.37% - 5.86%), whereas C. coli and C. jejuni were found in 2.49% (95% CI, 1.42% - 4.34%) of dogs. Age and clinic were the risk factors significantly associated with Campylobacter spp. occurrence, while age, breed and clinic were predictors of C. jejuni carriage. Furthermore, age was the only risk factor associated with a higher likelihood of carrying C. upsaliensis. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. C. jejuni and C. upsaliensis increased significantly as dogs grew older. In addition, the odds of carrying Campylobacter spp. were higher in the Staffordshire bull terrier breed compared to crossbreed dogs. In conclusion, this study shows that dogs visiting rural community veterinary clinics in South Africa are reservoirs of Campylobacter spp. and may be potential sources of Campylobacter spp. for humans living in close proximity of the dog populations under study.

O reservatório de Piedras Moras (32° 10'27" S e 64° 16' 29" W; 832 ha) faz parte de uma série de lagos artificiais que estão localizados na bacia do rio Tercero (Córdoba, Argentina). Durante março de 2009, ocorreu um florescimento maciço de cianobactérias que resultou na morte de muitas espécies de animais, especialmente aves aquáticas silvestres. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de estabelecer o estado trófico do reservatório em função desta mortalidade. As variáveis foram avaliadas in situ (temperatura e transparência da água). Foram coletadas amostras para analisar as espécies de algas encontradas nos florescimentos. Foram determinados chl-a (espectrofotometria) e toxinas (microcistinas totais - ensaio imunoenzimático ELISA). Estudos histopalógicos foram realizados em Fulica sp. Uma grande heterogeneidade em transparência de água foi observada e agrupamentos de Potamogeton berteroanus estavam distribuídos em todo o reservatório com valores mínimos e médios do disco de Secchi de 0,15 a 0,54 m. Concentrações de chl-a oscilaram de 35,7 a 320,9 mg.m-3. As espécies fitoplanctônicas dominantes identificadas foram Anabaena spiroides e Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanophyceae). A temperatura da água foi de 27,8 °C (±0.88). O valor máximo de concentração de microcistinas foi de 0,23 µg.L-1. A concentração de chl-a, quando ocorreu a mortalidade em massa (2,022 mg.m-3), e as lesões histopatológicas indicam que a mortalidade de animais foi devida a cianotoxinas.

Piedras Moras reservoir (32° 10'27" S and 64° 16' 29" W; 832 ha), integrates a series of artificial lakes belonging to the Rio Tercero basin (Córdoba, Argentina). During March 2009 an algal bloom occurred, coinciding with several animal species mortality, mainly wild birds. The goal of this work was to establish the trophic status of the reservoir in relation to that mortality. Variables were evaluated in situ (temperature and water transparency) and samples were taken in order to identify algal species, Chl-a concentration (spectrophotometry) and toxins - total microcystines- (inmuno-enzymatic assay, ELISA). Histopathology studies were made on Fulica sp. A strong heterogenity in water transparency was observed, and "patches" of Potamogeton berteroanus distributed all along the lake, with Secchi disk minimal and medium values of 0.15 and 0.94 m. Chl-a concentration oscillated from 35.7 to 320.9 mg.m-3. Predominant phytoplankton species were Anabaena spiroides and Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanophyceae). Water temperature was 27.8 °C (±0.88). Maximal value of total microcystine concentration was 0.23 μg.L-1. Chl-a concentration at the moment when mass mortality occurred (2.022 mg.m-3), and histopathological observations, strongly suggest that the animals' death was due to cianotoxins.

A região central de Argentina possui uma importante superfície coberta por represas e lagunas pampianas. Nestes ambientes, a pesca do peixe-rei Odontesthes bonariensis Valenciennes, 1835 (Pisces, Atherinopsidae), peixe de água doce mais importante do país, é uma atividade social relevante e de significado valor econômico. Estudaram-se as principais enfermidades que afetaram esta espécie de peixe no período de 1992-2003, nas províncias de Córdoba, La Rioja e Santa Fe (30 e 35ºS, 61 e 67ºW). A maior quantidade de casos foi registrada nos meses de temperaturas elevadas. Lernaea sp e Aeromonas hydrophila foram os agentes etiológicos mais importantes. As características tróficas particulares dos ambientes aquáticos estudados foram importantes por potenciarem alguns casos, mas em outros a causa da mortandade dos peixes esteve relacionada a complexas interações hidroquímicas.

Argentina's central region includes an important area covered by shallow pampean lakes and dams. In these environments, fishing of pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis Valenciennes, 1835 (Pisces, Atherinopsidae), the most important fresh-water fish of the country, is a relevant social activity and also a considerable economic resource. The main diseases found in this species were studied from 1992 to 2003 in the provinces of Córdoba, La Rioja and Santa Fe (30º and 35º S, 61º and 67º W). Most cases were registered in high temperature months. Lernaea sp and Aeromonas hydrophila were the etiological agents most frequently found. The trophic characteristics of the aquatic environments enhanced disease processes and caused massive death of O. bonariensis, due to complex hydrochemical interactions.

The article reviews the reasons which have linked the explorations and conquest of America, 'the New World', and the apocalyptic or millenarian Christian prophesises concerning the end of the world. In the XVI c. the Christian Europe was eager of deep changes, and a longing to return to the original apostolic ecclesiastical form. The discovery of new lands and peoples set questions on the sense of history and strengthened the expectations for the coming of the Last Days, which had been a fundamental feature of Christianity from its origins. The mission of the first Franciscans sent to Mexico, met these expectations of the coming Final Things with the need to complete the spread of the Gospel to shorten the time indicated in the Sacred Scriptures. Similar convictions motivated Reforming groups do the same. The spread of the faith in America and the religious conflicts in Europe encouraged millenarist speculations, aspiring to a fairer society and a world united by divine intervention; a political and religious dream. Several cases and testimonies are analysed arguing that the Italian and Spanish experience during the reform may lie on this

El artículo estudia las razones que han vinculado la exploración y conquista de América o 'Nuevo Mundo' con las profecías cristianas de naturaleza apocalíptica y/o milenarista en torno a un 'Fin del Mundo'. En el siglo XVI el horizonte de la Europa cristiana estaba dominado por el requerimiento de un profundo cambio y por el anhelo de volver a la forma eclesial apostólica de los inicios. El descubrimiento de tierras y nuevos pueblos replanteó la cuestión del sentido de la historia y fortaleció la espera del fin que había sido la característica fundamental del cristianismo en sus orígenes. La acción misionera de los primeros franciscanos enviados a México unía la expectativa del fin con la necesidad de completar la predicación del Evangelio para así abreviar el tiempo final señalado por el Apocalipsis. En el mismo período, convicciones similares motivaban a los protagonistas de los movimientos de Reforma de la Iglesia. Las noticias sobre la difusión del cristianismo en América y los conflictos religiosos en Europa estimularon en muchos ambientes las especulaciones milenaristas vinculadas a la esperanza de una sociedad justa y de un mundo unido por intervención divina. Sueño político y religioso al mismo tiempo. Analizando diversos casos y testimonios, el artículo muestra que en esto residiría la originalidad de la experiencia italiana y también española del siglo de la Reforma