Abstract Aim: The study aimed to conduct a cost-utility analysis of traditional drug therapy (TDT) provided for hypertensive patients at primary care in comparison to the protocol based on combination with an exercise program (TDT+E) in real-life conditions, adopting a health system perspective. Methods: Longitudinal study based on enrollment of 49 hypertensive adults distributed into two groups, for 12 months. Quality-adjusted life years were estimated using health-related quality of life. Direct health care costs were calculated including inputs and human resources in primary care from medical records. Sensitivity analysis was performed based on multivariate and probabilistic scenarios. Results: Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of TDT+E in comparison to TDT were +79.69. Sensitivity analysis showed that TDT+E presented advantages considering uncertainties. Conclusion: Our findings show that exercise programs may improve quality of life and life expectancy among hypertensive patients.

Abstract Obesity and dyslipidemia are conditions often associated with cardiovascular risk, inflammation, oxidative stress, and death. Thus, a new approach has been highlighted to promote research and development of pharmacological tools derived from natural sources. Among the most widely studied groups of substances, polyphenols such as tyramine stand out. This study investigated hypolipidemic and anti-obesity properties of tyramine. Oral toxicity evaluation, models of dyslipidemia and obesity were used. To induce dyslipidemia, Poloxamer-407 (P-407) was administered intraperitoneally. In the hypercholesterolemic and obesity model, specific diet and oral tyramine were provided. After 24h of P-407 administration, tyramine 2 mg/kg (T2) decreased triglycerides (TG) (2057.0 ± 158.5 mg/dL vs. 2838 ± 168.3 mg/dL). After 48h, TG were decreased by T2 (453.0 ± 35.47 vs. 760.2 ± 41.86 mg/dL) and 4 mg/kg (T4) (605.8 ± 26.61 760.2 ± 41.86 mg/dL). T2 reduced total cholesterol (TC) after 24h (309.0 ± 11.17 mg/dL vs. 399.7 ± 15.7 mg/dL); After 48h, 1 mg/kg (T1) (220.5 ± 12.78 mg/dL), T2 (205.8 ± 7.1 mg/dL) and T4 (216.8 ± 12.79 mg/dL), compared to P-407 (275.5 ± 12.1 mg/dL). The treatment decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and nitrite in liver, increased superoxide dismutase, reduced the diet-induced dyslipidemia, decreasing TC around 15%. Tyramine reduced body mass, glucose, and TC after hypercaloric feed. Treatment with 5 mg/L (0.46 ± 0.04 ng/dL) and 10 mg/L (0.44 ± 0.02 ng/dL) reduced plasma insulin (1.18 ± 0.23 ng/dL). Tyramine increased adiponectin at 5 mg/L (1.02 ± 0.02 vs. 0.83 ± 0.02 ng/mL) and 10mg/L (0.96 ± 0.04 ng/mL). In conclusion, tyramine has low toxicity in rodents, has antioxidant effect, reduces plasma triglycerides and cholesterol levels. However, further studies should be conducted in rodents and non-rodents to better understand the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of tyramine.

ABSTRACT Galactia is a pantropical genus, which is part of the Galactia clade, and together with the genera Betencourtia, Caetangil, Cerradicola, Collaea, Lackeya, Nanogalactia, and Rhodopis, it maintains a taxonomic relationship that has already been the focus of previous studies. However, the palynology of these groups has not been extensively studied, with gaps in pollen descriptions. Thus, a palynological study of 30 species belonging to Galactia and related genera was performed. For this purpose, pollen grains were acetolized using the standard methodology, subjected to scanning electron microscopy analysis, and then quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated. Generally, pollen grains of this genera are medium or large size, isopolar or heteropolar, 3-colporate, and may have microreticulate or reticulate exine. Pollen data for Rhodopis and Nanogalactia agree with the most recently proposed circumscription of these genera. Other genera exhibited similar pollen characteristics; however, the diameter of the lumen, associated with other pollen characteristics, proved to be important for the differentiation of the genera. Thus, the pollen morphology provided information that contributes to the description of the genera, mainly Brazilian representatives of Galactia and related genera.

Abstract Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with several metabolic diseases. The triglycerides (TG) disrupt the cholesterol reverse transport and contribute to increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) acts in cholesterol reverse transport as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. This study aims to investigate the role of hypertriglyceridemia in the functionality of HDL. Individuals were divided into 4 groups based on high or low HDL-c and triglycerides levels. Biochemical and anthropometric analysis were performed. This study demonstrated that triglycerides promote dysfunctions on HDL, increasing the cardiovascular risk. Blood pressure was higher in subjects with low HDL. Women presented higher levels of HDL-c and low percentage of fat mass. The highest levels of triglycerides were observed in older age. In addition, high levels of triglycerides were associated with higher total cholesterol and LDL-c levels, non-HDL-c, non-esterified fatty acids, and blood glucose, increasing in the ratio of non-HDL-c/HDL-c and ApoB/ApoA-I. The increase of triglycerides levels progressively impairs the antioxidant capacity of HDL, probably due to a higher occurrence of fatty acid peroxidation in individuals with hypertriglyceridemia. Patients with high HDL and low TG levels increased the Lag Time. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between TG versus HDL particle size, variables that depend on age and anthropometric parameters.

ABSTRACT Objectives: Candida spp. has been reported as one of the common agents of nosocomial bloodstream infections and is associated with a high mortality. Therefore, this study evaluated the clinical findings, local epidemiology, and microbiological aspects of candidemia in eight tertiary medical centers in the state of Parana, South of Brazil. Methods: In this study, we reported 100 episodes of candidemia in patients admitted to eight different hospitals in five cities of the state of Parana, Brazil, using data collected locally (2016 and 2017) and tabulated online. Results: The incidence was found to be 2.7 / 1000 patients / day and 1.2 / 1000 admissions. C. albicans was responsible for 49% of all candidemia episodes. Cancer and surgery were the two most common underlying conditions associated with candidemia. The mortality rate within 30 days was 48%, and removal of the central venous catheter (p = 0.029) as well as empirical or prophylactic exposure to antifungals were both related to improved survival (p = 0.033). Conclusions: This study highlights the high burden and mortality rates of candidemia in hospitals from Parana as well as the need to enhance antifungal stewardship program in the enrolled medical centers.

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify tumor parenchyma cells exhibiting immunohistochemical profile of stem cells by evaluating the immunoreactivity of OCT4 and CD44 in a number of cases of salivary gland neoplasms. The sample consisted of 20 pleomorphic adenomas, 20 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, and 20 adenoid cystic carcinomas located in major and minor salivary glands. The expression of OCT4 and CD44 was evaluated by the percentage of positive cells and the intensity of expression. All studied cases showed positive expression of OCT4 and CD44 and higher values than the control groups. For OCT4, luminal and non-luminal cells were immunostained in the case of pleomorphic adenomas and adenoid cystic carcinomas. Moreover, the immunoreactivity of CD44 was particularly evident in the non-luminal cells of these lesions. In mucoepidermoid carcinomas, there was immunoreactivity for both markers in squamous and intermediate cells and absence of staining in mucous cells. For both markers, a significantly higher immunostaining was verified in neoplasms located in the major salivary glands compared with lesions in minor salivary glands (p<0.001). In the total sample and in minor salivary glands, malignant neoplasms exhibited higher immunoreactivity for OCT4 than pleomorphic adenoma. A significant moderate positive correlation (r = 0.444 and p ≤ 0.001) was found between OCT4 and CD44 immunoexpression in the total sample. The high expression of OCT4 and CD44 may indicate that these proteins play an important role in identifying tumor stem cells.

Resumo: Objetivo Nós verificamos se peixes selvagens se alimentam de ração residual proveniente de piscicultura em tanques-rede, alterando a dieta e a rede de interação peixe-alimento. Métodos Foram avaliadas as dietas de Astyanax lacustris, Iheringichthys labrosus, Leporinus amblyrhynchus, Schizodon nasutus e Steindachnerina insculpta do Reservatório Chavantes, Bacia do Alto Paraná. Os peixes foram coletados mensalmente de março de 2008 a fevereiro de 2009 ao redor da área de piscicultura (net cage - NC) e em uma área de referência (reference site – RS), sem a influência das atividades de piscicultura. Nós verificamos os resultados usando gráficos e métricas da análise de redes complexas e análise de variância permutacional. Resultados Foram coletados 641 indivíduos das cinco espécies de peixes, 292 na área NC e 349 na RS. No total 24 itens alimentares foram consumidos pelos peixes em NC e 22 em RS. A rede de interação peixe-alimento apresentou padrão aninhado nas duas áreas avaliadas, demonstrando a estrutura generalista desta interação. Os valores de conectância e grau médio da rede de interação foram baixos. Detrito foi o item mais consumido nas duas áreas avaliadas. Três das cinco espécies avaliadas (A. lacustris, S. nasutus e I. labrosus) tiveram ração residual em suas dietas. Ração foi o quarto item mais consumido na área NC, sendo o mais frequente em indivíduos de A. lacustris e S. nasutus. Conclusões Os nossos resultados mostram que a atividade de piscicultura usando tanques-rede pode influenciar as interações tróficas dos sistemas aquáticos, bem como, demonstram a habilidade de S. nasutus, L. labrosus e A. lacustris em consumirem o novo item alimentar inserido no ambiente.

Abstract: Aim Investigating whether wild fish accept residual ration from cage fish farming to the point of changing their diet and the fish-food interaction network. Methods The diet of fish species, Astyanax lacustris, Iheringichthys labrosus, Leporinus amblyrhynchus, Schizodon nasutus and Steindachnerina insculpta, bred in Chavantes Reservoir, Upper Paraná basin, was evaluated. Samples were collected on a monthly basis - from March 2008 to February 2009 - around the cage fish farming (NC) and in a reference site (RS) free from the influence of the fish farming activity. Results were analyzed through graphs and metrics of complex network analysis, and Permutational analysis of variance. Results The total number of 641 individuals belonging to all five fish species were collected, 292 in NC and 349 in RS. The total amount of food items consumed by them comprised 24 items in NC and 22 items in RS. The fish-food interaction network has shown nested pattern in the two evaluated areas, which evidenced the generalist structure of this interaction. Connectance values and mean degree of interaction networks were low. Detritus was the most representative item consumed in both sampling sites. Three of the five evaluated species (A. lacustris, S. nasutus and I. labrosus) had residual ration in their diet. Residual ration was the fourth most consumed item in NC. It was also the most representative food item for A. lacustris and S. nasutus. Conclusions Results have shown that cage fish farming activity can influence trophic interactions in aquatic systems, as well as evidenced the ability of S. nasutus, L. labrosus and A. lacustris to take advantage of new food items in their environment.

Resumo Dalbergieae s.l. possui 49 gêneros e 1.324 espécies distribuídas principalmente na região neotropical. No Brasil está representada por 380 espécies e 18 gêneros. Estudos florísticos/taxonômicos sobre as Dalbergieae no Brasil são pontuais, o conhecimento sobre a sua diversidade ainda é fragmentado ou encontra-se desatualizado. Com relação a Caetité, esses estudos ainda são inexistentes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um estudo taxonômico dos representantes de Dalbergieae ocorrentes em Caetité, fornecendo chave de identificação, descrições, ilustrações para a maioria dos táxons e comentários sobre a distribuição geográfica e afinidades taxonômicas das espécies. Foram registradas 30 espécies distribuídas em 12 gêneros, sendo Stylosanthes (6 spp.), Dalbergia (5) e Machaerium (5) os gêneros mais representativos. Nissolia tomentosa está sendo registrada pela primeira vez para Bahia neste estudo. Pterocarpus zehntneri, considerada uma espécie de distribuição incerta no estado da Bahia, foi recoletada após 105 anos. Os táxons foram observados em todas as fitofisionomias registradas em Caetité, tendo um predomínio maior nas áreas de Caatinga arbustiva e de Cerrado s.s. Características das folhas, inflorescência, coloração das pétalas e tipo de fruto foram os caracteres mais relevantes para identificação dos táxons.

Abstract Dalbergieae s.l. owns 49 genera and 1,324 species distributed mainly in Neotropics. In Brazil is represented by approximately 380 species and 18 genera. Studies floristic/taxonomic about the Dalbergieae in Brazil are punctual, the knowledge about their diversity is still fragmented or is out-of-date. With respect to the Caetité, these studies are still non-existent. This work had as objective to carry out a study of the taxonomic species of Dalbergieae occurring in Caetité, giving identification key, descriptions, illustrations for most of them and comments on the distribution geographical and affinities taxonomic of the species. Have been recorded 30 species distributed in 12 genera. Stylosanthes (6 spp.), Dalbergia (5) e Machaerium (5) were the genera most representative. Nissolia tomentosa is being registered for the first time to Bahia in this study. Pterocarpus zehntneri, considered to be a kind of distribution that is uncertain in the state of Bahia, was recoletada after 105 years. The taxa have been observed in all types vegetational, having prevalence greater in areas of the shrubby Caatinga and of the Cerrado s.s. Characteristics of the leaves, inflorescence, color of petals, and type of fruit were the characters most relevant to the identification of the taxa.

One of the actions taken was to offer training on pharmaceuticals via the distance education model (EAD) with the course titled Pharmaceutical Services and Supply Management Course (PSSMC). PSSMC, which was based on the idea of expanded management, is guided by Strategic Situational Planning (PES) concepts, and structured around an Operational Plan (OP) that serves as a practical didactic tool. The aim of this study is to report and analyze a case study based on the implementation of the Operational Plan in a municipality in the State of São Paulo, while focusing on the judicialization of access to medicines and health products. Since judicialization is an important topic, the problem chosen for resolution with the PES was attendance at the issuance of court orders by the municipality for items of medium and high complexity. The PES allows researchers to analyze reality through different points of view, of which participation is a key aspect. With the OP, it was possible to disseminate a proposal for expanded planning, to advance resolution of the problem, achieve positive results, and reduce expenses associated with the municipality’s legal actions.

RESUMO Pouco se sabe sobre o possível impacto da implementação de programas de exercício físico regular sobre adiposidade corporal e gastos com saúde de pacientes atendidos em Unidades Básicas de Saúde, sendo assim, o objetivo do estudo foi implementar e verificar o efeito de um programa de exercício físico com duração de 12 meses, sobre a obesidade e gastos públicos em saúde desses pacientes. Amostra composta por 25 adultos, com idade ≥50 anos, hipertensos e insuficientemente ativos. Anteriormente ao início do treinamento, aos seis meses e ao final foi realizada avaliação da composição corporal, pressão arterial e análise dos gastos em saúde. O treinamento era realizado três vezes na semana com duração de 60 minutos. Para o fator intervenção houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos somente para a variável circunferência de cintura (p=0,019). Para os valores de gordura corporal, o grupo intervenção apresentou reduções ao longo do seguimento, as quais foram significativas quando comparadas ao grupo controle. Os gastos com consultas reduziram ao longo do tempo em ambos os grupos (p=0,026). O programa de exercícios físicos foi capaz de proporcionar benefícios ao percentual de gordura corporal dos pacientes, porém gastos com saúde não foram afetados.

ABSTRACT Little is known about the possible impact of the implementation of regular physical exercise programs on body adiposity and health expenditures of patients attended in Basic Health Units, so the objective of the study was to implement and verify the effect of a physical exercise program with a duration of 12 months, on obesity and the public health expenditure of these patients. The sample was composed of 25 adults, aged ≥50 years, hypertensive and insufficiently active. Prior to beginning the training, at six months, and at the end of training, body composition, blood pressure, and health expenditure analysis were performed. The training was carried out three times a week with a 60-minute duration. For the intervention factor there was a statistically significant difference between the groups only for the waist circumference variable (p-value = 0.019). For body fat values, the intervention group presented reductions throughout the follow-up, which were significant when compared to the control group. Consultation expenditures decreased over time in both groups (p = 0.026). The physical exercise program facilitated a reduction in the percentage of body fat of the patients, but health expenditures were not affected.

Abstract AIMS To compare the profile of adults attended at primary care level of the Brazilian National Health System according to occurrence of T2DM during 18 months of follow-up. METHOD Longitudinal study carried out with 316 adults. T2DM and PA were assessed by questionnaires. Measurements of weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were also performed. Healthcare expenditures were based on the demand of services registered in medical records. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s post hoc test was used, as well as their similar for non-parametric variables. Spearman’s correlation coefficient analyzed the relationship between variables. All analyzes were performed using the statistical software BioEstat (release 5.0) and the significance level was set at p-value <0.05. RESULTS Patients with T2DM at baseline showed higher values of WC, BMI, nursing appointments, customer services, medication, total cost and lower values of PA when compared to patients T2DM-free. Patients who developed T2DM during the follow-up presented higher values of WC, screening, pharmacy frequency, medications and total cost when compared to individuals without T2DM. Being in the highest quartile of PA did not change the costs of health services among patients T2DM-free. Healthcare expenditures were positively correlated to BMI among participants T2DM-free and with T2DM at baseline. CONCLUSION Participants with T2DM and participants who developed T2DM during the follow-up showed higher values of BMI, WC, healthcare expenditures and were less active when compared to participants T2DM-free. Healthcare expenditures were positively correlated with BMI among participants with T2DM at baseline and T2DM-free.

Abstract Aims: The promotion of sports participation during the early years of life is important not only because it promotes health during childhood and adolescence, but also because it has benefits in adulthood. This study was developed to identify the association between sports participation during the early years of life and adulthood, to analyze the non-participation in sports throughout life and to identify the correlates of non-participation in sports. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The sample was composed of 743 adults randomly selected in a medium-size Brazilian city. Non-participation in sports during childhood and adolescence was assessed through specific questions, and non-participation in sports in adulthood was assessed using the second section of Baecke questionnaire. Answering “no” in the three periods assessed (childhood, adolescence and adulthood) was characterized as non-participation in sports throughout life. Chronological age, sex, formal education, BMI, current job and ethnicity were considered covariates. Categorical data were expressed as rates and compared using chi-square test and binary logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of adults not engaged in sports throughout life was 58.5% (95% CI= 55.1 - 62.1). Females (OR = 2.41 [1.71 - 3.38]), those more advanced in age (OR = 3.29 [1.82-5.94]) and/or possessing a lower level of education (OR = 4.47 [2.45 - 8.17]) were associated with the non-engagement in sports. Conclusion: Non-participation in sports during childhood can influence non-participation in sports during adulthood, which is significantly affected by sex, age and education level.

RESUMO Inúmeros fatores estão associados aos distúrbios do sono ocasionando o aumento nos gastos com saúde. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a associação dos distúrbios do sono e doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em pacientes com idade superior a 50 anos atendidos por Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Presidente Prudente. Participaram 363 pacientes. O histórico de doenças foi auto relatada a partir da aplicação de questionário, o nível de atividade física foi verificado através do questionário de Baecke, e a qualidade do sono foi avaliada utilizando o Mini-Sleep questionnaire. Dados antropométricos e de composição corporal foram coletados utilizando estadiômetro e balança, foram considerados obesos os pacientes dentro do percentil 75. A análise estatística foi composta pelos testes t de Student, qui-quadrado, e regressão logística binária. Os resultados mostraram que o distúrbio do sono está associado as doenças osteoporose, artrite/artrose, dor lombar, depressão e obesidade. Adicionalmente obesidade e inatividade física influenciam na ocorrência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis.

ABSTRACT Many factors are associated with sleep disorders, causing an increase in health spending. The objective of this study was to analyze the association of sleep disorders and non-communicablechronic diseases in patients over 50 years of age, attended by Basic Health Care Units of Presidente Prudente. In total, 363 patients participated. The history of diseases was self-reported through the use of a questionnaire, the level of physical activity was evaluated by the Baecke questionnaire, and sleep quality was assessed using the Mini-Sleep Questionnaire. Anthropometric and body composition data were collected using a stadiometer and scale; patients in the highest (75th) percentile were considered obese. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t test, chi-square test, and binary logistic regression. The results showed that sleep disorders are associated with osteoporosis, arthritis/osteoarthritis, low back pain, depression, and obesity. Additionally, obesity and physical inactivity influence the occurrence of non-communicable chronic diseases.

RESUMO Analisar a ocorrência de aposentadorias por invalidez e sua associação com inatividade física e estado nutricional, de maneira isolada e agregada, em pacientes do Sistema Único de Saúde com idade ≥ 50 anos. 542 adultos de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 61,9 anos (IC95%= 61,2; 62,7) foram avaliados em duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde, no ano de 2013. O índice de Massa Corporal (em Kg/m²) foi mensurado e a aposentadoria por invalidez, bem como a prática habitual de atividade física, e a presença de doenças foram auto-referidas. Variável cluster de inatividade física e obesidade foi criada com o objetivo de analisar, em conjunto, a atividade física e o estado nutricional. A ocorrência de aposentadorias por invalidez foi de 25,6% (IC95%= 21,9% - 29,3%). A agregação entre obesidade e inatividade física foi associada à maior ocorrência de aposentadoria por invalidez (OR= 2.26 [IC95%: 1.14; 4.47]) quando modelo foi ajustado por infarto, osteoporose, artrite/artrose, hérnia de disco e lombalgia. Conclui-se que a aposentadoria por invalidez nesta amostra foi superior a 25%, a qual foi significativamente influenciada pela agregação deobesidade e inatividade física.

ABSTRACT To analyze the occurrence of disability pension and its association with physical inactivity and nutritional condition, isolated and aggregated way, in Brazilian National Health System patients aged ≥50 years-old, in 2013. 542 adults of both sexes, with a mean age of 61.9 years (95% CI = 61.2, 62.7) were evaluated in two Basic Health Units. Body mass index (kg/m²) was calculated and disability pensions, habitual physical activity and presence of diseases were self-reported. Variable cluster of physical inactivity and obesity was created with the aim to analyze together physical activity and nutritional status. In overall sample, the occurrence of disability pension was 25.6% (95%CI= 21.9% - 29.3%), which it was associated with cluster of obesity and physical inactivity (OR= 2.26 [95%CI: 1.14; 4.47]) when model was adjusted for heart attack, osteoporosis, arthritis / arthrosis, disc herniation and low back pain. It is concluded that the occurrence of disability pension was higher than 25% and significantly related to cluster of obesity and physical inactivity.

Onze derivados da ftalimida foram avaliados quanto a sua atividade antiproliferativa em células tumorais e normais e possíveis efeitos tóxicos. Avaliou-se a citotoxicidade contra tumores murinos (células de Sarcoma 180 e B-16/F-10) e células mononucleares do sangue perférico (CMSP) usando os ensaios de MTT e Alamar Blue. Em seguida, a investigação de citotoxicidade foi executada por citometria de fluxo e potencial antitumoral e toxicológico por meio de métodos in vivo. As moléculas 3b, 3c, 4 e 5 revelaram citotoxicidade in vitro contra Sarcoma 180, B-16/F-10 e PBMC. Uma vez que o composto 4 foi o derivado mais efetivo, ele foi escolhido para detalhar o mecanismo de ação após 24, 48 e 72h de exposição (22.5 e 45 µM). Células de Sarcoma 180 tratadas com o composto 4 mostraram desintegração de membrana, fragmentação de DNA e despolarização mitocondrial de maneira tempo e concentracão dependente. Os compostos 3c, 4 e 5 (50 mg/kg/dia) não inibiu o crescimento tumoral in vivo. Os animals tratados com o composto 4 exibiram aumento do total de leucócitos, linfócitos e no peso relativo do baço, diminuição de neutrófilos e hiperplasia da polpa branca esplênica. Os animais tratados apresentaram alterações histológicas reversíveis. A molécula 4 tem ação antiproliferativa in vitro provavelmente por ativação de apoptose, efeitos tóxicos reversíveis e exibiu propriedades imunoestimulantes que podem ser exploradas para atacar células neoplásicas.

Eleven phthalimide derivatives were evaluated with regards to their antiproliferative activity on tumor and normal cells and possible toxic effects. Cytotoxic analyses were performed against murine tumors (Sarcoma 180 and B-16/F-10 cells) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using MTT and Alamar Blue assays. Following, the investigation of cytotoxicity was executed by flow cytometry analysis and antitumoral and toxicological potential by in vivo techniques. The molecules 3b, 3c, 4 and 5 revealed in vitro cytotoxicity against Sarcoma 180, B-16/F-10 and PBMC. Since compound 4 was the most effective derivative, it was chosen to detail the mechanism of action after 24, 48 and 72 h exposure (22.5 and 45 µM). Sarcoma 180 cells treated with compound 4 showed membrane disruption, DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial depolarization in a time- and dose-dependent way. Compounds 3c, 4 and 5 (50 mg/kg/day) did not inhibit in vivotumor growth. Compound 4-treated animals exhibited an increase in total leukocytes, lymphocytes and spleen relative weight, a decreasing in neutrophils and hyperplasia of spleen white pulp. Treated animals presented reversible histological changes. Molecule 4 had in vitro antiproliferative action possibly triggered by apoptosis, reversible toxic effects on kidneys, spleen and livers and exhibited immunostimulant properties that can be explored to attack neoplasic cells.