The pyrazole core has been recognized by their biological properties and included in the synthesis of modern agrochemicals. Part of these studies consists of making structural modifications to pesticides for commercial purposes to increase efficacy. In this article, we present the synthesis of four new pyrazol-4-carboxamide 8a-8d derivatives (PCD), through a four-step synthetic protocol, starting with edaravone 1 and primary amines like benzo-fused, aliphatic, and hydrazines, through a process of low environmental impact. Synthesized derivatives were evaluated against one fungal strain of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides BA3, fungus that causes several losses to farmers around the world, through in vitro sensitivity tests. The compound 8c showed better inhibiting behavior against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides BA3, inducing a lag phase of almost 2.77 days. These results were obtained via Gompertz modeling, for the first time reported for biological evaluation of pyrazole-carboxamide derivatives against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.

The present work aims to generate the proposal for the implementation of a Project Management Office for the company Instelmec SAS. This allows to align to the processes currently carried out with the strategic objectives proposed by the organization. Projects are currently executed based on the staff experience. Under the above considerations, the organization does not have standardized processes that allow projects to be executed in an organized manner. Based on the review of the project management assets referenced in this study, they are combined and applied to the analysis of the information collected in the Instelmec organization to subsequently generate an implementation plan for the Project Management Office and on which its objectives, scope, limitations, mission, vision, roles and other aspects related to Instelmec SAS projects are defined. In the development of this research, different measurement instruments were applied, such as surveys, interviews, audits and maturity model, in order to determine the most appropriate Project Management Office in the organization. The organization was analyzed from different points of view, such as project portfolio management, organizational culture and project effectiveness, project management practices and project management maturity measurement. With the results obtained, a basic Project Management Office was designed.

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo generar la propuesta para la implementación de una Oficina de Gestión de Proyectos OGP para la compañía Instelmec SAS. Esto permite alinear los procesos que se llevan a cabo actualmente en los proyectos con los objetivos estratégicos propuestos por la organización. Actualmente los proyectos se ejecutan en base a la experiencia del personal. La organización no cuenta con procesos estandarizados que permitan ejecutar los proyectos de una manera organizada. Con base a la revisión de los acervos de la gestión de proyectos referenciados en el presente estudio, se aplican al análisis de la información de Instelmec para generar un plan de implementación de la OGP. Se definen sus objetivos, alcance, limitaciones, misión, visión, roles y demás aspectos relacionados con los proyectos de Instelmec SAS. En el desarrollo de esta investigación se aplicaron diferentes instrumentos de medición, como son encuestas, entrevistas, auditorias y modelo de madurez, para determinar en la organización la OGP más adecuada. Se analizó la organización desde diferentes puntos de vista, como es la gestión de portafolio de proyectos, cultura organizacional y efectividad en proyectos, las prácticas de gestión de proyectos y la medición de madurez en gestión de proyectos. Con los resultados obtenidos se diseñó una OGP básica.

Resumen Los compuestos heterocíclicos ocupan un lugar importante entre los grandes grupos o familias de compuestos que conforman la química orgánica, no solo por la diversidad estructural y las propiedades químicas que los hacen atractivos como auxiliares sintéticos, sino porque los núcleos heterocíclicos son constituyentes de productos naturales y juegan un papel clave en los procesos biológicos, lo que explica su aplicación como agentes terapéuticos. Además, muchos de los medicamentos para el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades poseen unidades estructurales heterocíclicas, lo que convierte a estos compuestos en objetivos de la química medicinal. En este estudio se presenta un resumen de la investigación del autor y su grupo sobre el tema de los aminopirazoles y su importancia en la síntesis de compuestos heterocíclicos de mayor complejidad. El diseño, la síntesis y el estudio estructural de los nuevos compuestos sintetizados que contienen el núcleo del pirazol se hicieron en el Grupo de Investigación de Compuestos Heterocíclicos (GICH) del Departamento de Química de la Universidad del Valle, con la colaboración de instituciones nacionales e internacionales, con el objetivo de estudiar la posible actividad antitumoral, antifúngica y antibacteriana de algunos de los nuevos compuestos sintetizados.

Abstract Heterocyclic compounds have an important place among the large groups or families of compounds that make up organic chemistry. This is not only due to its structural diversity and chemical properties, which makes them attractive as synthetic auxiliaries, but also because their heterocyclic nuclei are constituents of natural products and play a key role in biological processes. Their application as therapeutic agents for the treatment of various diseases also turns their structural units in targets of medicinal chemistry. This study is a summary of the research conducted by the author and his group on the subject of aminopyrazoles and their importance in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds of greater complexity. The design, synthesis, and study of new compounds containing the pyrazole nucleus have been carried out in the Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group (GICH) of the Chemistry Department at Valle University where together with other national and international institutions, we have studied the possible antitumor, antifungal, and antibacterial activity of some of the new compounds.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: A avaliação da dor pós-operatória aguda é obrigatória para tratamentos eficientes. As trajetórias da dor podem ajudar os profissionais a melhorar os tratamentos. Tem sido sugerido que a falta de controle da dor no período pós-operatório imediato vai gerar maior intensidade dessa dor durante os dias seguintes de estadia no hospital. OBJETIVO: Determinar o relacionamento entre a dor durante a primeira hora pós-operatória e as 24 horas após a mesma. MÉTODOS: Lugar da pesquisa: Hospital universitário geral. Desenho do estudo: Foi feito um estudo analítico prospectivo operacional com pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos sob anestesia geral e que foram hospitalizados pelo menos 24 horas antes. Cinco avaliações de dor foram feitas na primeira hora na sala de recuperação, seguidas de três avaliações durante as primeiras 24 horas. Os declives das trajetórias da dor foram calculados e seu relacionamento entre elas foi analisado. RESULTADOS: Duzentos e trinta e quatro pacientes foram recrutados, 31,3% apresentaram dor não controlada no ingresso à sala de recuperação; no final das primeiras 24 horas após a cirurgia, 5,5% dos pacientes apresentaram dor não controlada. O score da primeira intensidade de dor na sala de recuperação teve uma correlação negativa com o declive da primeira hora (P1): rS = −0,657 (p=0,000). De maneira similar, o score na primeira intensidade de dor teve uma associação negativa com o declive da trajetória da dor durante a permanência no hospital (P2): rS = −0,141 (p=0,032). Quando comparados os dois declives, não foi encontrada uma correlação significativa: rS = −0,126. CONCLUSÃO: A trajetória da dor durante a primeira hora não prediz o comportamento da trajetória durante o primeiro dia após a cirurgia.

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: Assessment of acute postoperative pain is mandatory for effective treatments. Pain trajectories may help professionals improve treatments. It has been suggested that uncontrolled pain in the immediate postoperative period generates higher pain intensities on the following days of hospital stay. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between pain during the first postoperative hour and the first 24 postoperative hours. METHODS: Setting: a general university hospital. Study design: a prospective observational, analytical study of patients undergoing surgical procedures under general anesthesia and hospitalized for at least 24 hours. Five assessments of pain were carried out during the first hour in the recovery room followed by three assessments during the first 24 hours. The slopes of pain trajectories were calculated, and the relationship between them was analyzed. RESULTS: 234 patients were recruited, 31.3% had uncontrolled pain on arrival at the recovery room; at the end of the first 24 hours after surgery, 5.5% of the patients had uncontrolled pain. The first pain intensity score in the recovery room correlated negatively with the slope for the first hour (P1): rS = −0.657 (p = 0.000). Similarly, the first pain intensity score had a negative association with the pain trajectory slope during the hospital stay (P2): rS = −0.141 (p = 0.032). When comparing the two slopes, a nonsignificant negative correlation was found: rS = −0.126. CONCLUSIONS: the trajectory of pain during the first hour does not predict the behavior of the trajectory during the first day after surgery.

5-Aryl-3-(2-methoxynaphthalen-6-yl)-1-phenylpyrazoline derivatives were synthesized starting from (E)-1-(3-aryl)-(2-methoxynaphthalen-6-yl)-prop-2-en-1-one and phenylhydrazine. The compounds were characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), elemental analyses and mass spectrometry. Some compounds showed promising luminescence properties in solution and in solid state; the absorption and emission characteristics were measured and the fluorescence quantum yield of two of the derivatives [4,5-dihydro-3-(2-methoxynaphthalen-6-yl)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-1 H -pyrazoline and 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-(2-methoxynaphthalen-6-yl)-1-phenyl-1 H -pyrazoline] were found to have excellent values compared to rhodamine B standard. Theoretical calculations at time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) level are in agreement with the experimental measurements and are helpful to explain the electronic behavior.

Resumen En este trabajo se estudió la transformación en fase líquida de 5 hidroximetilfurfural (5-HMF) a ácido 2,5-furandicarboxilico con el uso de catalizadores de Pt y Pd soportados en carbón activado con la presencia de NaOH ó CaCO3. Los catalizadores fueron caracterizados por quimisorción de H2 a temperatura ambiente, espectroscopia de rayos X (XPS) y análisis termogravimétrico (TGA). Los resultados indican que el tamaño de partícula de los catalizadores sigue el orden PtCl/C < PdCl/C < PdN/C el cual está estrechamente relacionado con la actividad catalítica. Se encontró que las partículas metálicas están presentes como especies de Pd0 and Pt0. Siendo el catalizador de Pt-Cl/C con el uso de CaCO3 como aditivo.

Abstract The liquid phase transformation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfuraldehyde (5-HMF) towards 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (2,5-FDCA) using Pt and Pd catalysts supported on activated carbon and with the presence of CaCO3 and NaOH, is reported. The catalysts were characterized using different techniques, such as: H2 chemisorption at room temperature, X ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicate that the particle size followed the order: PtCl/C < PdCl/C < PdN/C, which is closely related to the catalytic behavior. It was found that the metal particles are present in the Pd0 and Pt0 form. PtCl/C was most active catalyst using CaCO3 as weak base.

Antecedentes: Las infecciones por Klebsiella pneumoniae productora de carbapenemasa (KPC) son un problema de salud pública mundial. Desde 2008 nuestra institución experimenta casos endémicos de infecciones por KPC posteriores a un brote cuyo caso índice fue un paciente de Israel admitido para trasplante hepático. Objetivo: Describir características clínicas y mortalidad en pacientes hospitalizados con infecciones nosocomiales por KPC. Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo, descriptivo. Resultados: Un total de 52 pacientes fueron incluidos, la edad media fue 45,7 ± 27 años, 65,4% fueron hombres. Uso de inmunosupresores, cirugía gastrointestinal, hepatopatía crónica y trasplante de órgano sólido fueron las comorbilidades importantes. El 100% recibió antibióticos antes de la infección por KPC. Las principales infecciones fueron bacteriemia (30,7%), infección intraabdominal (23,1%) y neumonía (17,3%). El tratamiento fue dirigido por antibiograma en 50,7%. Tigeciclina fue administrada en el 51,9% y colistina en el 32,7%, ambas en terapia combinada con otros antibióticos. En el 15,4% se utilizó tigeciclina más colistina. La duración del tratamiento fue 15,7 ± 7,5 días. El 51,9% desarrolló bacteriemia y falla renal aguda y el 76,9% requirió atención en UCI. La mortalidad fue 48,1% y fue significativamente mayor en pacientes con bacteriemia vs. sin bacteriemia (74,1 vs. 20%; p = 0,01). No hubo diferencias significativas en mortalidad cuando se comparó uso de tigeciclina vs. colistina (45 vs. 52%; p = 0,609). Conclusión: La inmunosupresión, cirugía gastrointestinal, tratamiento previo con antibióticos y estancia en UCI son factores importantes para la infección por KPC. La mortalidad es alta a pesar de la terapia dirigida, especialmente en pacientes con bacteriemia.

Background: Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC) infections are a worldwide public health problem. Since 2008, our institution has experienced endemic cases of KPC infection after an outbreak whose index case was a patient from Israel admitted for liver transplantation. Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and mortality of inpatients with nosocomial KPC infections. Methods: Retrospective, descriptive observational study. Results: A total of 52 patients were included, with an average age of 45.7 ± 27 years; 65.4% were men. Use of immunosuppressants, gastrointestinal surgery, chronic liver disease and solid organ transplantation were significant comorbidities. All the patients had received antibiotics before the KPC infection. The primary infections were bacteraemia (30.7%), intra-abdominal infections (23.1%) and pneumonia (17.3%). Treatment was directed by antibiogram in 50.7% of cases. Tigecycline was administered in 51.9% of cases and colistin in 32.7%, both in combination therapy with other antibiotics. Colistin plus tigecycline was used in 15.4% of cases. The treatment duration was 15.7 ± 7.5 days, with 51.9% of patients developing bacteraemia and acute renal failure and 76.9% requiring ICU care. Mortality was 48.1% and was significantly higher in the patients with bacteraemia compared with those without (74.1 vs. 20%, respectively, p = 0.01). There were no significant differences in mortality between tigecycline and colistin use (45 vs. 52%, respectively, p = 0.609). Conclusion: Immunosuppression, gastrointestinal surgery, previous treatment with antibiotics and ICU stay are important factors for infection with KPC. Mortality is high despite targeted therapy, particularly in patients with bacteraemia.

A atividade leishmanicida de uma série de derivados enônicos (chalconas) sintetizados via reações de condensação de Claisen-Schmidt assistidas por radiação ultrassom foi caracterizada através da análise de suas citotoxicidades contra formas promastigotas de Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis, espécie responsável por mais de 90% dos casos de Leishmania na Colômbia. Dois compostos foram ativos contra Leishmania com índices de seletividade de LC50 EC50-1 (concentração letal média e concentração efetiva média) maiores que 27 e 3, respectivamente. Estes resultados sugerem que a substituição de um dos dois anéis de chalcona (anel A aromático) com oxigênio é apropriada. Um composto deve ser pesquisado quanto à sua atividade leishmanicida, especialmente por ser fácil de obter em elevados rendimentos, tornando possível a produção de medicamentos para o tratamento de leishmaniose cutânea.

The antileishmanial activity of a series of enonic derivatives (chalcones) synthesized via Claisen-Schmidt condensation reactions assisted by ultrasonic radiation was characterized by analyzing their cytotoxicity against Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis promastigotes, a species responsible for over 90% of Leishmania cases in Colombia. Two compounds were active against Leishmania with selectivity indexes of LC50 EC50-1 (lethal concentration 50 and effective concentration 50) higher than 27 and 3, respectively. These results suggest that a substitution on one of the two chalcone rings (aromatic ring A) with oxygen is convenient. Compound 3g should be further investigated for its antileishmanial activity, especially for being easy to obtain in high yields, making it possible to produce drugs for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Bibliotecas de novos β-aminocetonas e γ-aminoálcoois que mostram uma grande diversidade estrutural foram facilmente obtidas a partir de uma abordagem simple, utilizando os derivados da 3-(N,N-dimetilamino)propiofenona como material de partida chave. O procedimento envolveu inicialmente a N-alquilação de benzilaminas secundárias com derivados de propiofenona produzindo as desejadas β-aminocetonas. A redução química ou catalítica dos grupos carbonilo atinge a obtenção dos γ-aminoálcoois em bons rendimentos. Este protocolo mostrou ser uma via alternativa conveniente para a síntese do anestésico local Falicain® e para a droga tópica antifúngica Naftifina®.

Libraries of novel β-aminoketones and γ-aminoalcohols showing a wide structural diversity were easily obtained from a simple approach, using 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propiophenone derivatives as key starting material. The procedure involved initially an N-alkylation of secondary benzylamines with propiophenone salts yielding the desired β-aminoketones. Chemical or catalytic reduction of their carbonyl groups provided the final γ-aminoalcohols in good yields. This protocol proved to be convenient as an alternative route for the synthesis of the local anesthetic Falicain® and for the topic antifungal drug Naftifine®.

Introducción: El síndrome antifosfolípido es una enfermedad autoinmune, caracterizada por trombosis vascular y morbilidad gestacional en presencia de anticuerpos antifosfolípidos. Se han descrito varios factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de trombosis en estos pacientes, pero los estudios son heterogéneos y no discriminan entre eventos arteriales y venosos. Objetivo: Describir las manifestaciones clínicas e inmunológicas del síndrome antifosfolípido en una cohorte de pacientes colombianos y establecer los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de trombosis venosa y arterial. Materiales y métodos: Se condujo un estudio analítico de corte transversal. Criterio de inclusión: Consenso de Sydney de 2006 y clasificación del síndrome antifosfolípido como secundario, según criterios del American College of Rheumatology. Resultados: Se incluyeron 100 pacientes; 84 de ellos mujeres; edad promedio 37.6 años. El 59% de los pacientes correspondía a síndrome antifosfolípido secundario. La manifestación clínica más frecuente inicial y durante el seguimiento fue la trombosis venosa (56.52% y 47%, respectivamente), seguida por "manifestaciones no criterio" (23.91%), especialmente neurológicas. La trombosis venosa profunda fue recurrente en el 46%; 30% de los individuos presentó trombocitopenia severa. La ausencia de autoanticuerpos específicos discriminó entre formas primarias y secundarias. La diabetes mellitus fue un factor de riesgo significativo para trombosis venosa (6.4% vs. 0%; OR 2.205, IC 95%: 1.772-2.742) y el tabaquismo para enfermedad cerebrovascular (33.3% vs. 6%, OR 7.9, IC 95%: 1.5-41.324). Conclusiones: Esta cohorte de pacientes colombianos con síndrome antifosfolípido presenta alto porcentaje de manifestaciones no incluidas en los criterios clasificatorios, con compromiso orgánico grave, atípico y recurrente.

Introduction: Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by vascular thrombosis and gestational morbidity in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Several risk factors for the development of thrombosis have been described in these patients, but the studies are heterogeneous and do not discriminate between arterial and venous events. Objective: To describe the clinical and immunological manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome in a cohort of Colombian patients and to establish risk factors for the development of arterial and venous thrombosis. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study. Inclusion criteria: 2006 Sydney Consensus Statement and classification in secondary antiphospholipid syndrome according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria. Results: We included 100 patients, 84 of them women, with a mean age of 37.6 years. 59% of patients fulfilled secondary antiphospholipid syndrome criteria. The most common clinical manifestation during the initial evaluation and follow-up visit was venous thrombosis (56.52% and 47%, respectively), followed by "non-criteria" manifestations (23.91%), especially neurological. Deep venous thrombosis was recurrent in 46%, and 30% of individuals presented severe thrombocytopenia. Absence of specific autoantibodies discriminated between primary and secondary forms. Diabetes mellitus was a significant risk factor for venous thrombosis (6.4% vs. 0%, OR 2.205: 95% CI 1.772-2.742) and smoking for cerebrovascular disease (33.3% vs. 6%, OR 7.9, 95% CI 1.5- 41.324). Conclusions: This cohort of Colombian patients with antiphospholipid syndrome had a high percentage of events not included in the classification criteria, with severe, atypical, and recurrent organic involvement.

En este artículo se presenta un sistema clasificador difuso de señales de vibración para el monitoreo de rodamientos. La base de conocimiento, asociada al clasificador difuso, se obtiene del comportamiento en frecuencia y magnitud de la señal de vibración para fallas en pista exterior e interior, en canastilla o en un elemento rodante. El sistema difuso se implementa en ambiente Matlab® y se valida en un banco acondicionado para el estudio de vibraciones en rodamientos. El sistema mostró ser confiable y robusto en la detección de la falla en cada uno de los distintos rodamientos en prueba.

This paper presents a vibration based fuzzy classifier used to detect fault conditions in bearings. The fuzzy knowledge foundation is obtained from the behavior of the vibration signal in presence of a fault condition in outer race, inner race, cage and rolling element. The fuzzy system is implemented in Matlab® and it is validated in a vibration dedicate test bench used for research proposes. The system performance exhibits reliability and robustness in the fault detection in each experimental fault scenario

Uma série de (E)-2-(benzo[d]tiazol-2-il)-3-arilacrilonitrilas foi sintetizada pela condensação de Knoevenagel assistida por microondas, na ausência de solvente, partindo do correspondente 2-(benzo[d]tiazo-2-il)acetonitrila e aldeídos aromáticos, contendo tanto grupos doadores de elétrons, como retiradores. Os tempos de reação foram consideravelmente curtos e os produtos, obtidos em rendimentos moderados (50-75%) e boa pureza. A configuração da dupla ligação da acrilonitrila não pôde ser estabelecida por métodos comuns de RMN. No entanto, estudos teóricos sugerem que nesses compostos o isômero E é mais estável do que o Z, o que está de acordo com algumas evidências experimentais.

A series of (E)-2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-arylacrylonitriles was synthesized by microwave assisted Knoevenagel condensation under solvent-free conditions from the corresponding 2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile and aromatic aldehydes with electrondonating/electron-withdrawing groups. The reaction times were considerably short and the products obtained in moderate yields (50 to 75%) and good purity. The configuration of the acrylonitrile double bond could not be established by regular NMR methods. However, theoretical studies suggest that the E isomer is more stable than Z, which is in good agreement with some experimental evidences.

Entre el año 2001 y el año 2003 el Grupo de Investigación en Materiales y Estructuras, GRIME, llevó a cabo una investigación exhaustiva de los sistemas constructivos de los monumentos históricos de los Andes colombianos -muchos de ellos elaborados con adobe- mediante visitas técnicas de inspección. Con los resultados de estas visitas se construyeron tres muros de adobe a escala real representativos de las edificaciones religiosas con el fin de ensayarlos ante cargas seudodinámicas paralelas al plano del muro. A través de estos ensayos se establecieron características mecánicas generales del comportamiento de los muros de adobe. Posteriormente se construyeron y ensayaron otros dos muros ante las mismas condiciones de carga pero rehabilitados mediante tensores de acero. La alternativa implementada mejoró el comportamiento global de los muros manteniendo su integridad.

Between the years 2001 and 2003 the Materials and Structures Research Group grime, carried out technical inspections of the construction systems of the buildings that were declared national heritage in the Colombian Andean zone -many of them made with adobe-. Based on the results of this study, three adobe walls, representative of the religious buildings of the Andean region, were constructed and subjected to pseudo-dynamic cyclic loads parallel to their main plane. Based on the results of these tests the characteristics of the behaviour of the walls under cyclic loads applied in their main planes were established. Later, two retrofitted walls with steel tensors were constructed and subjected to loads parallel to their main plane. The retrofitting alternative improved the behaviour of the adobe walls maintaining the integrity of the wall.