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ABSTRACT The need for studies that allow the use of brackish water in irrigated agriculture and the socioeconomic importance of melon cultivation in Brazil, especially for the Northeast region, which concentrates most of the national production and faces problems with the availability of good quality water for irrigation, motivated the present study. In this context, the objective of present study was to evaluate the growth, production and fruit quality of the ‘Goldex’ (yellow-type hybrid F1) melon under salt stress conditions. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design, with two salinity levels of irrigation water (0.8 and 4.0 dS m-1) and eight evaluation times (52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, and 66 days after transplanting). Variables of plant growth and development, production and quality of melon fruits were evaluated throughout the cycle. Plants had delayed growth characteristics and less development with the increase in irrigation water salinity, showing reductions of more than 20% in shoot dry weight, leaf area, number of branches and length of secondary branches and 16.7% in length of the main branch. In addition, salinity caused a delay in fruit development and a 16% reduction in final fruit weight, without significantly modifying carbohydrate and total soluble solids contents. Along the development, there was an increase in the total soluble solids content of the fruits, especially due to the increment of sucrose at the final stages of development.

RESUMO A necessidade de estudos que possibilitem a utilização de águas salobras na agricultura irrigada e a importância socioeconômica da cultura do melão no Brasil, especialmente para a região Nordeste, que concentra a maior parte da produção nacional e apresenta problemáticas com disponibilidade de água de boa qualidade para irrigação, norteou o presente estudo. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o crescimento das plantas, a produção e a qualidade de frutos do híbrido de melão amarelo ‘Goldex’ (híbrido F1 tipo amarelo) sob condições de estresse salino. A pesquisa foi conduzida em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, contendo dois níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (0,8 e 4,0 dS m-1) e oito épocas de avaliação (52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64 e 66 dias após o transplantio). Foram avaliadas variáveis de crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas, de produção e de qualidade dos frutos de melão ao longo do ciclo. As plantas tiveram as características de crescimento retardadas e menor desenvolvimento em função do aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação, apresentando redução superior a 20% para a o peso seco da parte aérea, área foliar, número de ramos, comprimento de ramos secundários e 16,7% para o comprimento do ramo principal. Além disso, a salinidade provocou atraso no desenvolvimento dos frutos e redução de 16% no seu peso final, sem modificar significativamente os teores de carboidratos e sólidos solúveis totais. Ao longo do desenvolvimento houve aumento no teor de sólidos solúveis totais dos frutos, especialmente em função do acréscimo de sacarose nos estádios finais de desenvolvimento.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v28n3e277374

The rs1477196 SNP of the FTO Gene is Associated with Primary Knee Osteoarthritis in a Female Population from Northern Mexico
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Arellano-Pérez-Vertti, Rubén D.

; González-Galarza, Faviel F.

; Prone-Olazábal, Denisse

; Arellano-Ramírez, Daniel O.

; Arellano-Ramírez, Diego F.

; Argüello-Beltrán, Cristina S.

; Tovar-Aguilar, Michelle A.

; Berúmen-Rodríguez, Mónica

; Prieto-Hinojosa, Adria I.

; Méndez-Hernández, Alejandra

; Argüello-Astorga, Rafael

Revista de investigación clínica

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feb 2024, Volume 76 N. 1 Pages 37 - 44

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Background: Osteoarthritis is a frequent rheumatic disease. Some single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the gene associated with fat mass and obesity are associated with increased body mass index and knee osteoarthritis. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the association of single nucleotide polymorphism rs1477196 of the fat mass and obesity gene with primary knee osteoarthritis. Methods: This observational and cross-sectional study included 347 Mexican participants. We performed the genotypification analysis with TaqMan® probe C_2031262_10 for rs1477196 (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Multivariate analysis included covariables such as age, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and postmenopause. Results: Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and postmenopause were associated with primary knee osteoarthritis in female participants. We did not find an association between rs1477196 and obesity. In the codominant and dominant genetic models, rs1477196 was significantly associated with primary knee osteoarthritis only in the female group, including in the model adjusted by other covariables (odds ratio = 2.517; 1.035-6.123; p = 0.042 and odds ratio = 2.387; 1.054-5.407; p = 0.037, respectively). The interaction between rs1477196 and obesity was significantly associated with primary knee osteoarthritis in female participants (p = 0.039 and p = 0.043). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the rs1477196 variant of the fat and obesity mass gene may be associated with the risk of primary knee osteoarthritis in women.

https://doi.org/10.24875/ric.23000259

JUVENILE HORMONE III: SOURCE REACTIONS AND COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION IN ESI-MS/MS
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Mendonça, Jacqueline Nakau

; Jabor, Valquíria A. Polisel

; Arini, Gabriel Santos

; Silva, Ricardo Roberto da

; Silva, Rafael Carvalho da

; Vessecchi, Ricardo

; Nascimento, Fabio Santos do

; Lopes, Norberto Peporine

Química Nova

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2024, Volume 47 N. 1 elocation e-20230091

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Juvenile hormone (JH III) is an important example of a chemical signaling derived from the terpene biosynthetic pathway. Because of its impact on many species’ reproductive and developmental processes, analytical approaches must be developed to accurately identify and measure it in biological samples. In this technical note, we explored the gas-phase dissociative behavior of JH III using tandem mass spectrometry combined with electrospray ionization to provide diagnostic fragment-ions for quantitative purposes.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20230091

Advances in Breast Cancer Drug Discovery: A Review of Therapeutic Strategies and Studies Involving Photosensitizers, Caged Xanthones and Thiosemicarbazones Derivatives Discovery Photosensitizers
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Oliveira, Douglas D. S.

; Lapierre, Thibault J. W. Jacques Dit

; Silva, Fernanda C.

; Cunha, Ieda V.

; Souza, Rafael A. C.

; Matos, Patrícia A.

; Almeida, Gustavo M.

; Oliveira, Carolina G.

; Araújo, Thaise G.

; Tsubone, Tayana M.

; Rezende Jr., Celso O.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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2024, Volume 35 N. 1 elocation e-20230128

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide, and breast cancer is the most prevalent and deadly type among women. Despite the side effects and the phenomena of chemoresistance associated with the drugs involved, chemotherapy remains the main therapeutic strategy to combat and control breast cancer. Therefore, several new classes of compounds against breast cancer have been explored, in an effort to identify new drug candidates with alternative mechanisms of action. The principal results of such exploration, focusing on caged xanthones, thiosemicarbazones and photosensitizers, are presented in this review, along with the main aspects of the drug discovery process against breast cancer. More specifically, the design, structure-activity relationship investigations and anti-breast cancer properties of these three classes are described and discussed in this work. worldwide women involved Therefore explored action exploration xanthones photosensitizers review specifically design structureactivity structure activity antibreast anti work

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230128

Caracteristicas taxonómicas de las especies de Colubrina (Rhamnaceae) en México, basadas en la arquitectura y superficies epidérmicas
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Fernández-Nava, Rafael

; Arreguín-Sánchez, María de la Luz

; Jorge Cruz, Coral Yamileth

Polibotánica

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2024, N. 57 Pages 1 - 22

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract The architecture and epidermal surfaces of: Colubrina angustior (M. C. Johnston) Nesom, C. greggii S. Wats., C. lanulosa (M. C. Johnston) Fernández & Arreguín, C. macrocarpa (Cav.) G. Don var. macrocarpa, C. stricta Engelm. ex Blankinship, C. texensis (Torrey & Gray) A. Gray and C. yucatanensis (M. C. Johnston) Nesom, belonging to the Family Rhamnaceae are described and illustrated. The characters used for the separation of the taxa were the different types of venation, the insertion of the trichomes, the shape of the epidermal cells and their walls on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces, the presence or absence of free veins in the veins of third and fourth category, as well as the types of stomata; in none of the taxa were glands found in the marginal teeth. In addition to the descriptions and photomicrographs of the taxa, a dichotomous key was developed to differentiate the species and varieties. It is also proposed that C. macrocarpa var. lanulosa has a status of new species, because marked differences were found with the type variety of C. macrocarpa var. macrocarpa; Colubrina lanulosa (M. C. Johnston) Fernández & Arreguín is proposed as comb. et stat. nov.

Resumen Se describe e ilustra la arquitectura y las superficies epidérmicas de: Colubrina angustior (M. C. Johnston) Nesom, C. greggii S. Wats., C. lanulosa (M. C. Johnston) Fernández & Arreguín, C. macrocarpa (Cav.) G. Don var. macrocarpa, C. stricta Engelm. ex Blankinship, C. texensis (Torrey & Gray) A. Gray y C. yucatanensis (M. C. Johnston) Nesom, pertenecientes a la Familia Rhamnaceae. Los caracteres usados para la separación de los taxones fueron los diferentes tipos de venación, la inserción de los tricomas, forma de las células epidérmicas y paredes de las mismas en las superficies adaxial y abaxial, la presencia o ausencia de venas libres en las venas de tercera y cuarta categoría, así como los tipos de estomas; en ninguno de los taxones se encontraron glándulas en los dientes marginales. Además de las descripciones y fotomicrografías de los taxones se elaboró una clave dicotómica para diferenciar las especies y variedades. Así también se propone que C. macrocarpa var. lanulosa tenga un estatus de especie nueva, debido a que se encontraron diferencias marcadas con la variedad tipo de C. macrocarpa var. macrocarpa; se propone a Colubrina lanulosa (M. C. Johnston) Fernández & Arreguín, comb. et stat. nov.

https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.57.1

Evaluation of an automatized AMBU ESSI-1 INC designed at the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez
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Abundes-Velasco, Arturo

; Sánchez-Pérez, Efraín

; Jiménez-Rodríguez, Gian M.

; Molina-Méndez, Francisco J.

; Herrera-Elizalde, Rafael

; Pulido-Zamudio, Tomás

; Álvarez-Rosales, Humberto

; Villegas-Juache, Juan

; Aceves-Díaz-González, Sebastián

; Parra-Rodríguez, David A.

; Cruz-Enríquez, Francisco J.

; Cobos-Reyes, Farid A.

; Aguilar-Torres, Eduardo A.

; Islas-Navarro, Enid A.

; Nuñez-Gómez, José C.

; Peña-Duque, Marco A.

Archivos de cardiología de México

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dec 2023, Volume 93 N. 4 Pages 391 - 397

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar un dispositivo automatizado para la asistencia ventilatoria basado en un AMBU manufacturado en Marzo del 2020. Métodos: El ESSI-1 INC fue evaluado por medio de parámetros fisiológicos y mecánica pulmonar a través de pruebas de espirómetro compensatorios (TISSOT); pulmón artificial (Modelo 5600i Dual Adult PNEU VIEW SYSTEM); así como su desempeño comparado a la máquina de anestesia (AEONMED 7500) en modelos porcinos, midiendo criterios ventilatorios, hemodinámicos y gasométricos. Resultados: Este equipo (ESSI-1 INC) fue exitosamente probado por modelos mecánicos y biológicos, tales como cerdos donde su desempeño fue evaluado en términos de la variabilidad del volumen tidal, frecuencia ventilatoria, y relación I/E versus el desempeño manual de dos médicos. Todos los resultados finalizaron como se esperaba de forma satisfactoria. Conclusiones: Es un equipo seguro y efectivo, el cual debería ser probado y usado en distintas condiciones clínicas para estandarizar la seguridad ventilatoria y cuidado de pacientes que lo requieran.

Abstract Objective: The objectives of this study were to evaluate an automated device for ventilatory support based on AMBU manufactured in March 2020. Methods: The ESSI-1 INC was evaluated through pulmonary mechanics and physiology parameters through compensatory spirometer tests (TISSOTs), and an artificial lung Model5600i Dual Adult PNEU VIEW SYSTEM; it was also compared to the anesthetic ventilatory support equipment (AEONMED 7500) in porcine models, measuring ventilatory, hemodynamic and gasometric parameters. Results: This equipment (ESSI-1 INC) was successfully tested by mechanical and biological models, such as pigs in which its performance was evaluated in terms of variability of tidal volume, ventilation frequency, and I/E relationship versus the manual performance of two medical interns. All the results turned out as expected and were satisfactory. Conclusions: It is safe and effective equipment and should be tested and used in diverse clinical conditions to standardize the ventilatory safety and care of patients who require it.

https://doi.org/10.24875/acm.2200004

Manejo de las perforaciones duodenales post-CPRE: experiencia en el Hospital Juárez de México
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Cruz-López, Jaime E.

; Guzmán-Aguilar, Rafael

; Conde-Mora, María A.

; Méndez-Ramírez, Levi A.

Cirugía y cirujanos

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dec 2023, Volume 91 N. 6 Pages 829 - 834

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an endoscopic study in which the duodenum is observed laterally, and the bile duct is instrumented. There are several indications and complications in the procedure. Objective: To determine the incidence of duodenal perforations, using the Stapfer classification in the Hospital Juárez de Mexico over a period of 5 years, as well as the management implemented in such cases. Method: The study was carried out at the Hospital Juárez de Mexico of the Ministry of Health. All patients who underwent ERCP between January 1, 2017, to May 30, 2022 were included. Results: 485 ERCP were performed in the study period. Incidence of 1.6% post-ERCP duodenal perforation. The average age of the subjects 56.37 years. In-hospital stay of post-ERCP perforations averaged 9.37 days. The time of the endoscopic study at the time of the surgical procedure is 10 h on average. Conclusions: Post-ERCP duodenal perforation is a complication that occurs with a low incidence, it tends to increase the number of days of in-hospital stay and increases morbimortality of patients; therefore, it is important to be always alert.

Resumen Antecedentes: La colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) es un estudio endoscópico en el cual se observa lateralmente el duodeno y se instrumenta la vía biliar. Existen diversas indicaciones y complicaciones en el procedimiento. Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de perforaciones duodenales utilizando la clasificación Stapfer para ubicación anatómica en el Hospital Juárez de México en un periodo de 5 años, así como el manejo implementado en dichos casos. Método: El estudio se realizó en el Hospital Juárez de México de la Secretaría de Salud. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes sometidos a CPRE entre el 1 de enero de 2017 y el 30 de mayo de 2022. Resultados: Se realizaron 485 CPRE en el periodo de estudio. Hubo una incidencia del 1.6% de perforación duodenal post-CPRE. El promedio de edad de los sujetos fue de 56.37 años. La estancia hospitalaria de los pacientes con perforación post-CPRE fue en promedio de 9.37 días. El tiempo del estudio endoscópico al momento de realizar el procedimiento quirúrgico fue de 10 h en promedio. Conclusiones: La perforación duodenal post-CPRE es una complicación que ocurre con una baja incidencia, suele aumentar los días de estancia intrahospitalaria y aumenta la morbimortalidad de los pacientes, y por ello es importante estar siempre alerta.

https://doi.org/10.24875/ciru.22000299

Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) block versus fascia iliaca compartment (FI) block for hip surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
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Andrade, Priscila P.

; Lombardi, Rafael A.

; Marques, Isabela R.

; Braga, Anna Carla Di Napoli Andrade e

; Isaias, Beatrice R.S.

; Heiser, Nicholas E.

Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology

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dec 2023, Volume 73 N. 6 Pages 794 - 809

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background: This study compares Fascia Iliaca compartment (FI) block and Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) block for hip surgery. Methods: Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane were systematically searched in April 2022. Inclusion criteria were: Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs); comparing PENG block versus FI block for hip surgery; patients over 18 years of age; and reporting outcomes immediately postoperative. We excluded studies with overlapped populations and without a head-to-head comparison of the PENG block vs. FI block. Mean-Difference (MD) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were pooled. Trial Sequential Analyses (TSA) were performed to assess inconsistency. Quality assessment and risk of bias were performed according to Cochrane recommendations. Results: Eight RCTs comprising 384 patients were included, of whom 196 (51%) underwent PENG block. After hip surgery, PENG block reduced static pain score at 12h post-surgery (MD = 0.61 mm; 95% CI 1.12 to -0.09; p = 0.02) and cumulative postoperative oral morphine consumption in the first 24h (MD = -6.93 mg; 95% CI -13.60 to -0.25; p = 0.04) compared with the FI group. However, no differences were found between the two techniques regarding dynamic and static pain scores at 6 h or 24 h post-surgery, or in the time to the first analgesic rescue after surgery. Conclusion: The findings suggest that PENG block reduced opioid consumption in the first 24 h after surgery and reduced pain scores at rest at 12 h post-surgery. Further research is needed to fully understand the effects of the PENG block and its potential benefits compared to FI block. PROSPERO registration: CRD42022339628 PROSPERO registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php? RecordID=339628

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjane.2023.07.007

A formação em enfermagem de reabilitação em Portugal desde 2006
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Correia, Nuno Miguel Catela

; Bernardes, Rafael A.

; Parola, Vitor Sérgio Oliveira

; Neves, Hugo Leiria

Revista de Enfermagem Referência

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dec 2023, Volume serVI N. 2 elocation e21141

Abstract: Es Pt En | Text: Es Pt En | PDF: Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumen Marco contextual: Desde principios de siglo se ha producido un descenso de la natalidad y un mayor envejecimiento de la población, con más personas con discapacidad y dependencia, que requieren más cuidados especializados de enfermería. Objetivo: Describir la evolución en la formación de la especialidad en enfermería de rehabilitación. Metodología: Recopilación documental en el Diario de la República, con análisis e interpretación hermenéutica de las fuentes con referencia a la especialidad de enfermería de rehabilitación, publicadas desde 2006. Resultados: Se aprobaron varios planes de estudio de posgrado de especialización y máster en enfermería de rehabilitación. Progresivamente, se incluyeron unidades curriculares, como Epidemiología Estadística y Demografía, Aspectos Psicosociales de la Discapacidad, Políticas y Modelos de Atención Sanitaria y Prácticas de Atención de Enfermería de Rehabilitación a la Persona con Problemas Oncológicos y al Final de la Vida. Conclusión: La formación en enfermería de rehabilitación ha evolucionado con la influencia de los cambios políticos y sociodemográficos. Con los avances tecnológicos y científicos, así como con la evolución de los sistemas sanitarios, los cuidados de enfermería de rehabilitación han evolucionado en innovación y formación, con marcos legales y competencias específicas.

Resumo Enquadramento: Desde o início do século que se verifica uma diminuição da natalidade e maior envelhecimento populacional, existindo mais pessoas com incapacidade e dependência, exigindo cuidados de enfermagem mais especializados. Objetivo: Descrever a evolução na formação da especialidade em enfermagem de reabilitação. Metodologia: Recolha documental no Diário da República, com análise e interpretação hermenêutica das fontes com referência à especialidade de enfermagem de reabilitação, publicadas desde 2006. Resultados: Foram aprovados vários planos de estudo de pós-licenciatura de especialização e mestrado em enfermagem de reabilitação. Progressivamente, houve inclusão de unidades curriculares como Epidemiologia Estatística e Demografia, Aspetos Psicossociais da Incapacidade, Políticas e Modelos de Cuidados de Saúde e Estágios de Cuidados de Enfermagem de Reabilitação à Pessoa com Problemas Oncológicos e em Fim de Vida. Conclusão: A formação em enfermagem de reabilitação desenvolveu-se com influência das alterações políticas e sociodemográficas. Com os avanços tecnológicos, científicos e a evolução dos sistemas de saúde, os cuidados de enfermagem de reabilitação têm evoluído na inovação e formação, com enquadramento legal e nas competências específicas.

Abstract Background: Since the beginning of the 21st century, fertility rates have decreased and life expectancy has increased, with more people with disabilities and dependent on others requiring more specialized nursing care. Objective: To describe the evolution of education/training in rehabilitation nursing. Methodology: Documental search conducted in the Portuguese official journal (Diário da República), with hermeneutic analysis and interpretation of the sources on the specialty of rehabilitation nursing since 2006. Results: Several curricula of postgraduate specialization and master’s degrees in rehabilitation nursing have been approved since 2006. Several course units were gradually integrated into the curricula, such as Statistical Epidemiology and Demography, Psychosocial Aspects of Disability, Health Care Policies and Models, and Internships in Rehabilitation Nursing Care for People with Cancer and at the End of Life. Conclusion: Education/training in rehabilitation nursing evolved under the influence of political and socio-demographic changes. With the technological and scientific advances and the evolution of health systems, rehabilitation nursing care has evolved in terms of innovation and education/training within a legal framework and based on specific competencies.

https://doi.org/10.12707/rv21141

10.

Long-term oncological and surgical outcomes after Video Endoscopic Inguinal Lymphadenectomy (VEIL) in patients with penile cancer
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Tobias-Machado, Marcos

; Ornellas, Antonio A.

; Hidaka, Alexandre K.

; Medina, Luis G.

; Mattos, Pablo A. L.

; Besio, Ruben S.

; Abreu, Diego

; Castro, Pedro R.

; Nishimoto, Ricardo H.

; Astigueta, Juan

; Dourado, Aurus

; Machado, Roberto D.

; Magnabosco, Wesley J.

; Corona-Montes, Victor

; Villoldo, Gustavo M.

; Zampolli, Hamilton C.

; Taha, Anis

; Auad, Pericles R.

; Faria, Eliney F.

; Arantes, Paulo B. O.

; Tavares, Alessandro

; Nascimento, Francisco S. M. S.

; Brazão Jr., Eder S.

; Rocha, Maurício M.

; Costa, Walter H.

; Panico, Vinicius

; Reis, Leonardo O.

; Almeida-Carrera, Roberto J.

; Silva, Rafael C.

; Zequi, Stênio C.

; Calixto, José R. R.

; Sotelo, Rene

International braz j urol

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oct 2023, Volume 49 N. 5 Pages 580 - 589

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Objective: To report outcomes from the largest multicenter series of penile cancer patients undergoing video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (VEIL). Materials and Methods: Retrospective multicenter analysis. Authors of 21 centers from the Penile Cancer Collaborative Coalition-Latin America (PeC-LA) were included. All centers performed the procedure following the same previously described standardized technique. Inclusion criteria included penile cancer patients with no palpable lymph nodes and intermediate/high-risk disease and those with non-fixed palpable lymph nodes less than 4 cm in diameter. Categorical variables are shown as percentages and frequencies whereas continuous variables as mean and range. Results: From 2006 to 2020, 210 VEIL procedures were performed in 105 patients. Mean age was 58 (45-68) years old. Mean operative time was 90 minutes (60-120). Mean lymph node yield was 10 nodes (6-16). Complication rate was 15.7%, including severe complications in 1.9% of procedures. Lymphatic and skin complications were noted in 8.6 and 4.8% of patients, respectively. Histopathological analysis revealed lymph node involvement in 26.7% of patients with non-palpable nodes. Inguinal recurrence was observed in 2.8% of patients. 10y- overall survival was 74.2% and 10-y cancer specific survival was 84.8%. CSS for pN0, pN1, pN2 and pN3 were 100%, 82.4%, 72.7% and 9.1%, respectively. Conclusion: VEIL seems to offer appropriate long term oncological control with minimal morbidity. In the absence of non-invasive stratification measures such as dynamic sentinel node biopsy, VEIL emerged as the alternative for the management of non-bulky lymph nodes in penile cancer.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2023.0065

11.

Checklist of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of Oaxaca, an important hotspot of biodiversity in Mexico
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Álvarez-Lopeztello, Jonás

; Robles, Celerino

; Hernández-Cuevas, Laura V.

; Castillo, Rafael F. del

; Tejocote-Pérez, Moisés

; Rivera-Becerril, Facundo

Botanical Sciences

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sep 2023, Volume 101 N. 3 Pages 699 - 712

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Antecedentes: Oaxaca, un estado sureño de México, pertenece al punto caliente Mesoamericano de biodiversidad. El conocimiento taxonómico y de diversidad de los hongos micorrízico arbusculares (HMA) en el estado de Oaxaca se encuentra disperso y poco accesible. Preguntas: ¿Qué especies de HMA se han identificado en Oaxaca y cuál es su distribución? Especies en estudio: Hongos micorrízico arbusculares. Sitio de estudio: Estado de Oaxaca, México. Métodos: Se elaboró un listado de las especies de HMA con la frecuencia de ocurrencia y los sitios de registro. Se consideraron los estudios realizados hasta 2022. La información estuvo disponible en forma dispersa en publicaciones en medios físicos y electrónicos: tesis, proyectos, reportes técnicos y artículos científicos. Resultados: La lista incluye 78 especies, distribuidas en 23 géneros, 10 familias y cuatro órdenes. La familia más diversa fue Glomeraceae (26 especies), seguida por Gigasporaceae (20) y Acaulosporaceae (15), mientras que los géneros más diversos fueron Acaulospora y Glomus (15 y ocho especies, respectivamente). Las especies más frecuentes fueron Funneliformis geosporus, Acaulospora scrobiculata y A. spinosa. La diversidad más elevada de especies se ha reportado en la rizosfera de Agave angustifolia, A. karwinskii y Zea mays (39, 36, y 34 especies, respectivamente). Una nueva especie de HMA fue recientemente aislada en la rizosfera de un agave microendémico. Conclusiones: Las especies de HMA registradas en Oaxaca confirman la posición de este estado como uno de los más altos en diversidad micorrízico arbuscular en México.

Abstract Background: Oaxaca, a southern State in Mexico, belongs to the Mesoamerican hotspot of biodiversity. The taxonomic and diversity knowledge of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in Oaxaca State is scattered and accessibility to it is difficult. Questions: Which AMF species have been identified in Oaxaca and which is their distribution? Studied species: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Study site: State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Methods: We prepared an updated and annotated checklist of the AMF species with frequency of occurrence and the sampling sites where the species had been registered. All studies carried out previously (to date, 2022) were considered. Information on AMF taxa was available in scattered form in different publications in physical and electronic media, theses, projects, technical reports, and scientific papers. Results: The checklist includes 78 species, distributed among 23 genera, 10 families, and four orders. The most diverse families were Glomeraceae (26 species), followed by Gigasporaceae (20) and Acaulosporaceae (15), whereas the most diverse genera were Acaulospora and Glomus (15 and eight species, respectively). The most frequent species were Funneliformis geosporus, Acaulospora scrobiculata, and A. spinosa. The highest species diversity has been reported under the rhizosphere of Agave angustifolia, A. karwinskii, and Zea mays (39, 36, and 34 species, respectively). A new AMF species was recently isolated from the rhizosphere of a microendemic agave. Conclusions: The recorded AMF species of Oaxaca State confirms its position as one of the states with the highest AMF species diversity of Mexico.

https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3238

12.

Ecological knowledge, use and management of maax ik (Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum (Dunal) Heiser & Pickersgill) in a rural Mayan community
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Solís-Montero, Virginia

; Munguía-Rosas, Miguel A.

; Bello-Bedoy, Rafael

Botanical Sciences

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sep 2023, Volume 101 N. 3 Pages 804 - 820

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Antecedentes: Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum es el ancestro de los chiles cultivados económicamente más importantes del mundo. En México, esta planta tiene una amplia distribución y todos los pueblos originarios vivos del país interactúan con ella. En la península de Yucatán, los Mayas conocen al chile silvestre como maax ik. Aunque esta zona ha sido reconocida como un probable centro de domesticación y diversificación del chile, la investigación etnobotánica con el maax ik, es aún limitada. Preguntas: ¿Qué conocimiento ecológico poseen las personas locales sobre el maax ik? ¿Dónde y cómo se recolecta y maneja el maax ik? ¿Qué usos actuales tiene el maax ik? Especie de estudio: Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum. Métodos: Entrevistas semiestructuradas a profundidad y observación participante. Se identificaron las prácticas de manejo y se calculó un índice de intensidad de manejo. Resultados: Los informantes saben cómo se reproduce el maax ik y sobre el papel que las aves juegan en la dispersión de sus semillas. Maax ik fue recolectado en huertos familiares, donde fue tolerada y sujeta a otras prácticas de manejo incipientes como la protección y promoción. La recolección fue no destructiva y usualmente solo se tomaba una pequeña porción de los frutos disponibles. El maax ik fue usado esencialmente como alimento. El índice de intensidad de manejo fue relativamente alto (5). Conclusiones: Maax ik es un recurso alimenticio de subsistencia que nuestros informantes usan de forma sostenible y se manejan de forma no selectiva en los huertos familiares de San Bernardo, Yucatán.

Abstract Background: Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum is the ancestor of most of the economically important chiles in the world. It is widely distributed throughout Mexico, and currently all indigenous groups interact with this plant species. On the Yucatan Peninsula wild chile is known as maax ik by the Maya. Although this area has been recognized as a domestication and diversification center of chile, ethnobotanical research on this species is still limited. Questions: What ecological knowledge do local people have about maax ik? Where and how is maax ik gathered and managed? What uses does maax ik currently have? Studied species: Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum Study site and dates: San Bernardo, Yucatan. Summer-Autumn 2021. Methods: In-depth semi-structured interviews and participatory observation. The management practices were identified, and management intensity was estimated. Results: Informants knew that maax ik reproduces sexually and recognized the role of birds in its seed dispersal. Maax ik was mainly gathered from homegardens where this species was tolerated and other non-selective incipient management practices such as protection and promotion were also carried out. Fruit was harvested without harming the plant and only a small portion of the available fruit was usually taken. The informants used maax ik essentially as food. The management intensity index was relatively high (5). Conclusions: Maax ik is a sustenance food resource that is sustainably used and non-selectively managed in homegardens by our informants in San Bernardo, Yucatan.

https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.3290

13.

Interactions between ants and mealybugs in sugarcane: species and effects on insect pests
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Marchiori, Johnatan J. de P.

; Almeida, Fábio S. de

; Mayhé-Nunes, Antônio J.

; Nobre, Rafael V. L.

; Paulo, Hágabo H. de

Revista Caatinga

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sep 2023, Volume 36 N. 3 Pages 731 - 739

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate ant species interacting with mealybugs in sugarcane plantations, the frequency of occurrence, and the effects of the interaction with ants on mealybug population size. The data was collected in a sugarcane plantation area in Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The insect species were collected from 70 thoroughly inspected sugarcane plants and the nature and frequency of the interactions were evaluated. The effect of the interaction with ants on mealybug abundance was evaluated by counting the number of adult females of each mealybug species on ten plants isolated and ten plants not isolated from ants. Two mealybug species were collected: Aclerda takahashii (Kuwana, 1932) and Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell, 1895). Ten and seven ant species were found interacting with A. takahashii and S. sacchari, respectively, which were distributed among six genera; the most frequent genera were Crematogaster and Camponotus. Three ant species interacted exclusively with A. takahashii, whereas the others interacted with both mealybug species. The abundance of A. takahashii females was significantly higher on non-isolated than on isolated plants (Paired t-test; t = 2.34; p = 0.04). However, no significant difference in S. sacchari abundance was found between isolated and non-isolated plants (t = 0.27; p = 0.8), nor for the two species combined (t = 1.9; p = 0.09). Thus, ant species that interact with mealybugs in sugarcane plantations cause increases in A. takahashii populations which, at a larger scale, can reduce crop yield.

RESUMO O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar o levantamento das espécies de formigas que apresentam interações com cochonilhas em plantios de cana-de-açúcar, registrando a frequência de ocorrência e o efeito da interação com as formigas sobre as populações de cochonilhas. A pesquisa foi realizada em plantio de cana-de-açúcar no município de Seropédica, estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os insetos foram coletados em 70 plantas de cana-de-açúcar, observando-se a natureza das interações e a sua frequência. Para avaliar a influência da interação das formigas sobre a abundância das cochonilhas, foi obtido o número de fêmeas adultas de cada espécie de cochonilha em dez plantas isoladas de formigas e dez não isoladas. Foram coletadas duas espécies de cochonilhas: Aclerda takahashii (Kuwana, 1932) e Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell, 1895). Dez espécies de formigas foram observadas interagindo com A. takahashii, e sete espécies com S. sacchari, distribuídas em seis gêneros, sendo os mais frequentes Crematogaster e Camponotus. Três espécies de formigas interagiram somente com A. takahashii, as demais interagiram com ambas espécies de cochonilha. A abundância de fêmeas de A. takahashii foi significativamente maior nas plantas não isoladas que nas isoladas (t= 2,34; p = 0,04). Não foi observada diferença significativa na abundância de S. sacchari entre plantas isoladas e não isoladas (t= 0,27; p = 0,8), e para as duas espécies em conjunto (t= 1,9; p= 0,09). As espécies de formigas que interagem com cochonilhas em cana-de-açúcar provocam o aumento da população de A. takahashii, o que em maior escala pode reduzir a produtividade.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n325rc

14.

Spatial variability of water electrical conductivity in underground dam areas in the semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Chianca, Cibele G. C.

; Batista, Rafael O.

; Melo, Stefeson B. de

; Dias, Nildo da S.

; Matos, Maria de F. A. de

Revista Caatinga

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sep 2023, Volume 36 N. 3 Pages 639 - 649

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Underground dams have been widely deployed in the semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte, a state in the Brazilian Northeast, aiming to mitigate the effects caused by water scarcity. In this study, the geographic distribution of the electrical conductivity of water of underground dams was evaluated at the end of the dry season of 2018 and at the end of the rainy season of 2019. Maps were created in ArcGIS 10.4.1 software using the Inverse Distance Weighted interpolator. The results indicated high electrical conductivity variability in the evaluated underground dams. The highest values were obtained in the eastern portion of the Rio Grande do Norte state, except for two dams, located in the municipalities of Apodi and Severiano Melo. In most of the underground dams (64%), the water has an electrical conductivity with low soil salinization potential (EC < 0.7 dS m-1). It was observed that the salinity of the underground dams is influenced by several factors, such as climate, relief, land use and occupation due to rural agglomerations and animal husbandry in the dam hydrographic basin, and intensive nutritional management with fertilizers in the dam area.

RESUMO As barragens subterrâneas é uma tecnologia de convivência com a seca amplamente construída na zana semiárida do Rio Grande do Norte como garantia da segurança hídrica devido à escassez de água superficial. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a distribuição geográfica da condutividade elétrica da água (CEa) de barragens subterrâneas, no final do período seco de 2018 e no final do período chuvoso de 2019. Após a coleta e análise da CE da água das barragens foram elaborados os mapas utilizado o software ArcGIS 10.4.1, com auxílio do interpolador de ponderação do inverso da distância. Os resultados indicaram grande variabilidade da CEa nas barragens avaliadas, sendo os maiores valores de CEa registrados nas barragens situadas na porção leste do estado do Rio Grande do Norte - Classes C2 e C3, exceto nas duas barragens localizadas nos municípios de Apodi e Severiano Melo. A maioria das águas das barragens (64%), devido à baixa CEa, não tem restrição de uso quanto aos riscos de acúmulo de sais quando utilizadas para a irrigação (CE < 0,7 dS m-1). Observou-se que a salinidade das barragens é influenciada por fatores edafoclimáticos, uso e ocupação do solo e, ainda pela presença de aglomerados rurais, criação de animais na bacia hidrográfica da barragem e, pelo uso intensivo do manejo nutricional com fertilizantes na área do barramento.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n317rc

15.

Mapping Native Seed Banks of Communities in Piemonte Norte do Itapicuru, Bahia, Brazil
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Santos, Naara de C. S.

; Trocoli, Rafael O.

; Pereira, Monica A. T.

Revista Caatinga

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sep 2023, Volume 36 N. 3 Pages 524 - 531

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Native Seed Banks of Communities (SBC) are one of the important social technologies that enables the coexistence with the climate in the Semiarid region of Brazil. These banks can supply appropriate seeds due to the genetic improvement carried out by farmers over generations, in addition to the traditional knowledge associated with them. The poor water distribution in part of the states in the Northeast region of Brazil makes family farmers to depend on rainfall and adapted seeds to grow viable crops. In this sense, native seeds are the most suitable due to their robustness and ideal adaptation to the environment and cultivation systems used in the region. Moreover, the conservation of native seeds in germplasm banks is an important strategy for minimizing the impacts of conventional agriculture. Thus, the objective of this study was to map seed banks of communities within the Piemonte Norte do Itapicuru Territory, state of Bahia, Brazil. The research was carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic and presented a qualitative character through a study case methodology. The steps for data collection were: identification of SBC through information from technical advisory entities; georeferencing of the SBC locations; and description of SBC specificities. Eight seed banks were mapped, distributed in three municipalities: Antonio Gonçalves, Campo Formoso, and Pindobaçu. Although the territory is composed of nine municipalities, six of them do not have this technology.

RESUMO O uso de Bancos Comunitários de Sementes (BCS) crioulas constitui-se como uma das importantes tecnologias sociais determinantes para a convivência com o semiárido. Tal estratégia apoia-se no fato de que, tais bancos possibilitam a oferta de sementes apropriadas, em virtude da seleção realizada pelos agricultores ao longo de gerações, bem como de todo conhecimento tradicional associado. Considerando a má distribuição hídrica que acomete em parte dos estados da Região Nordeste do Brasil, os agricultores familiares dependem das chuvas, bem como de sementes adaptadas para viabilizar seus cultivos. Nesse cenário, em razão da rusticidade, as sementes crioulas, são as mais adequadas, pois elas são perfeitamente adaptadas ao clima e ao sistema de cultivo utilizado. Diante dessa problemática, visando minimizar os impactos ocasionados pela agricultura convencional, a citar: a redução da agrobiodiversidade, disponibilidade de sementes no momento adequado para a semeadura, uma das estratégias adotadas é a conservação do germoplasma em bancos ou casa de sementes. O presente estudo teve como objetivo mapear os Bancos Comunitários de Sementes no Território de Identidade Piemonte Norte do Itapicuru, localizado no estado da Bahia. A pesquisa foi realizada durante a pandemia da COVID-19 e apresentou caráter qualitativo, sendo utilizada como metodologia de investigação o estudo de caso. A coleta de dados foi realizada em três etapas e como resultado, foram mapeados oito bancos, distribuídos em três municípios sendo estes: Antônio Gonçalves, Campo Formoso e Pindobaçu. Apesar de o território ser composto por nove municípios percebe-se que seis destes não utilizam essa tecnologia.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n305rc

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