ABSTRACT Objectives: The objective of the present study was to evaluate a possible association between personality factors (PF) and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. This allows for the investigation of obstacles related to treatment type and the presence of complications in HRQoL. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 78 patients aged 13-67 years from two diabetes clinics. PF was evaluated using the validated questionnaire Inventory of the Five Great Personality Factors. HRQoL was determined using the Brazilian Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (B-PAID) questionnaire. The chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and Welch's modified two-sample t-test were used to establish relationships. Results: In this sample of 46 women and 32 men with T1D and mean A1C of 8%-9%, we observed great suffering in 58.97% and that HRQoL was worse in women. “Openness” was the most prevalent PF and “extroversion” the least prevalent. “Neuroticism” facilitated a tendency to tolerate suffering. Conclusion: T1D patients’ personalities influence their treatment. The PF “neuroticism” is potentially related to better HRQoL. Brazilian T1D patients indicated great suffering in their HRQoL, which may be characteristic across the country. Women experienced worse HRQoL, which is in line with world literature. However, the limited sample size in this study warrant further research to test the hypotheses.

Abstract Objective: To identify the educational technologies used to promote the acquisition of knowledge about the disease in patients with heart failure. Methods: Integrative review, with searches in the databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science and LILACS, through the descriptors "Heart Failure", "Knowledge" and "Health Education". The final sample consisted of 24 articles. Results: Among the educational technologies used, audio/audiovisual/digital materials, educational games and printed/written materials were identified. Conclusions: The technologies were classified as mild-hard and hard, evidencing the improvement in the practice of self-care and self-management of patients.

Resumen Objetivo principal: Identificar las tecnologías educativas utilizadas para promover la adquisición de conocimiento sobre la enfermedad en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca. Metodología: Revisión integradora, con búsquedas en las bases de datos: MEDLINE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science y LILACS, a través de los descriptores "Insuficiencia Cardíaca", "Conocimiento" y "Educación para la Salud". La muestra final consistió en 24 artículos. Resultados principales: Entre las tecnologías educativas utilizadas, se identificaron materiales audio/audiovisuales/digitales, juegos educativos y materiales impresos/escritos. Conclusión principal: Las tecnologías fueron clasificadas como ligera-duras y duras, evidenciando la mejora en la práctica del autocuidado y el autocontrol de los pacientes.

Abstract Raloxifene is an antiresorptive drug, selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used in the treatment of osteoporosis. Objective To evaluate proteins related to bone repair at the peri-implant bone in a rat model of osteoporosis treated with raloxifene. Material and Methods 72 rats were divided into three groups: SHAM (healthy animals), OVX (ovariectomized animals), and RLX (ovariectomized animals treated with raloxifene). Raloxifene was administered by gavage (1 mg/kg/day). Tibial implantation was performed 30 days after ovariectomy, and animals were euthanized at 14, 42, and 60 days postoperatively. Samples were collected and analyzed by immunohistochemical reactions, molecular analysis, and microtomographic parameters. Results RLX showed intense staining of all investigated proteins at both time points except for RUNX2. These results were similar to SHAM and opposite to OVX, showing mild staining. The PCR gene expression of OC and ALP values for RLX (P<0.05) followed by SHAM and OVX groups. For BSP data, the highest expression was observed in the RLX groups and the lowest expression was observed in the OVX groups (P<0.05). For RUNX2 data, RLX and SHAM groups showed greater values compared to OVX (P<0.05). At 60 days postoperatively, microtomography parameters, related to closed porosity, showed higher values for (Po.N), (Po.V), and (Po) in RLX and SHAM groups, whereas OVX groups showed lower results (P<0.05); (BV) values (P=0.009); regarding total porosity (Po.tot), RLX group had statistically significant lower values than OVX and SHAM groups (P=0.009). Regarding the open porosity (Po.V and Po), the SHAM group presented the highest values, followed by OVX and RLX groups (P<0.05). The Structural Model Index (SMI), RLX group showed a value closer to zero than SHAM group (P<0.05). Conclusions Raloxifene had a positive effect on the expression of osteoblastogenesis/mineralization-related proteins and on micro-CT parameters related to peri-implant bone healing.

Abstract Here, we present four patients with confirmed Chikungunya virus infection showing atypical neurologic manifestations and death. This case series includes patients ranging in age from five to 92 years, with or without comorbidities. This report is important, as very few cases in the literature reporting death due to atypical Chikungunya virus infection are available.

Resumo Apesar do processo de transição nutricional no Brasil, em alguns lugares, como a região amazônica, o nanismo ainda é um importante problema de saúde pública. Identificou-se a prevalência e fatores associados ao déficit de crescimento em crianças menores de cinco anos de idade residentes na área urbana de Assis Brasil. Um inquérito foi realizado utilizando instrumento semiestruturado sobre características socioeconômicas, maternas e das crianças, e foram aferidas medidas antropométricas. As crianças com índice de estatura para idade inferior a -2 escores-Z foram consideradas com déficit de crescimento, de acordo com os critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Quatrocentos e vinte e oito crianças foram avaliadas. Destas, 62 apresentaram déficit de crescimento. Os fatores associados à baixa estatura, de acordo com modelos ajustados, foram: presença de esgoto a céu aberto, índice de riqueza para as famílias, recebimento de ajuda financeira governamental, altura materna, idade e escolaridade maternas. Portanto, observou-se que as características familiares e da mãe, bem como fatores ambientais e socioeconômicos estavam intimamente relacionados com a ocorrência de déficit de crescimento na população estudada, e que a desnutrição ainda é um problema de saúde na Amazônia brasileira.

Abstract Despite the process of nutritional transition in Brazil, in some places, such as the Amazon region, stunting is still an important public health problem. We identified the prevalence and factors associated with stunting in children under five years old residing in the urban area of Assis Brasil. A survey was conducted in which a questionnaire on socioeconomic, maternal and children’s conditions was applied, and height or length was measured. The children with height for age index below -2 Z-scores were considered stunted, according to the criteria by the World Health Organization. Four hundred and twenty-eight children were evaluated. Of these, 62 were stunted. Factors associated with stunting, according to adjusted models, were: the presence of open sewer, the wealth index for households, the receipt of governmental financial aid and the mother’s height, age and education. Therefore, it was observed that family and the mother’s characteristics as well as environmental and socioeconomic factors were closely related to the occurrence of stunting in the population studied, and such nutritional disturbance is still a health problem in the Brazilian Amazon.

Resumo Apesar do processo de transição nutricional no Brasil, em alguns lugares, como a região amazônica, o nanismo ainda é um importante problema de saúde pública. Identificou-se a prevalência e fatores associados ao déficit de crescimento em crianças menores de cinco anos de idade residentes na área urbana de Assis Brasil. Um inquérito foi realizado utilizando instrumento semiestruturado sobre características socioeconômicas, maternas e das crianças, e foram aferidas medidas antropométricas. As crianças com índice de estatura para idade inferior a -2 escores-Z foram consideradas com déficit de crescimento, de acordo com os critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Quatrocentos e vinte e oito crianças foram avaliadas. Destas, 62 apresentaram déficit de crescimento. Os fatores associados à baixa estatura, de acordo com modelos ajustados, foram: presença de esgoto a céu aberto, índice de riqueza para as famílias, recebimento de ajuda financeira governamental, altura materna, idade e escolaridade maternas. Portanto, observou-se que as características familiares e da mãe, bem como fatores ambientais e socioeconômicos estavam intimamente relacionados com a ocorrência de déficit de crescimento na população estudada, e que a desnutrição ainda é um problema de saúde na Amazônia brasileira.

Abstract Despite the process of nutritional transition in Brazil, in some places, such as the Amazon region, stunting is still an important public health problem. We identified the prevalence and factors associated with stunting in children under five years old residing in the urban area of Assis Brasil. A survey was conducted in which a questionnaire on socioeconomic, maternal and children’s conditions was applied, and height or length was measured. The children with height for age index below -2 Z-scores were considered stunted, according to the criteria by the World Health Organization. Four hundred and twenty-eight children were evaluated. Of these, 62 were stunted. Factors associated with stunting, according to adjusted models, were: the presence of open sewer, the wealth index for households, the receipt of governmental financial aid and the mother’s height, age and education. Therefore, it was observed that family and the mother’s characteristics as well as environmental and socioeconomic factors were closely related to the occurrence of stunting in the population studied, and such nutritional disturbance is still a health problem in the Brazilian Amazon.

The role played by different mammal species in the maintenance of Trypanosoma cruzi is not constant and varies in time and place. This study aimed to characterise the importance of domestic, wild and peridomestic hosts in the transmission of T. cruzi in Tauá, state of Ceará, Caatinga area, Brazil, with an emphasis on those environments colonised by Triatoma brasiliensis. Direct parasitological examinations were performed on insects and mammals, serologic tests were performed on household and outdoor mammals and multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used on wild mammals. Cytochrome b was used as a food source for wild insects. The serum prevalence in dogs was 38% (20/53), while in pigs it was 6% (2/34). The percentages of the most abundantly infected wild animals were as follows: Thrichomys laurentius 74% (83/112) and Kerodon rupestris 10% (11/112). Of the 749 triatomines collected in the household research, 49.3% (369/749) were positive for T. brasiliensis, while 6.8% were infected with T. cruzi (25/369). In captured animals, T. brasiliensis shares a natural environment with T. laurentius, K. rupestris, Didelphis albiventris, Monodelphis domestica, Galea spixii, Wiedomys pyrrhorhinos, Conepatus semistriatus and Mus musculus. In animals identified via their food source, T. brasiliensis shares a natural environment with G. spixii, K. rupestris, Capra hircus, Gallus gallus, Tropidurus oreadicus and Tupinambis merianae. The high prevalence of T. cruzi in household and peridomiciliar animals reinforces the narrow relationship between the enzootic cycle and humans in environments with T. brasiliensis and characterises it as ubiquitous.

Objetivo : estudar as características de desenvolvimento fonológico de crianças gagas e não-gagas, e investigar possível associação entre a presença de gagueira e a de processos fonológicos.Métodos : foram selecionadas 20 crianças (10 gagas), do sexo feminino e masculino, entre 04 a 08 anos de idade, pareadas por sexo e idade. As crianças do grupo de estudo tiveram diagnóstico de Gagueira e foram classificadas quanto a gravidade da patologia por meio do Stuttering Severity Instrument-3. Foram excluídas aquelas que apresentaram evidência de surdez, doenças neurológicas e/ou psiquiátricas. As crianças de ambos os grupos foram submetidas à avaliação fonoaudiológica e à aplicação das provas de Fonologia do Teste de Linguagem Infantil- ABFW.Resultados : no grupo de estudo foram observados 60% de processos fonológicos não esperados para a idade, enquanto que no grupo controle foram apenas 10%. As diferenças entre os grupos não foram estatisticamente significantes quanto à incidência de processos fonológicos. Há indícios de que o grupo de crianças gagas esteja mais predisposto à presença de pelo menos um processo fonológico.Conclusão : conclui-se que a metodologia utilizada na investigação dos processos fonológicos foi eficaz, mas devido à amostra reduzida não foi possível o aprofundamento da questão, ou seja, verificar se há uma diferenciação no desempenho de crianças gagas quanto aos processos fonológicos quando comparadas com as não-gagas.

Purpose : to study the phonological development characteristics of stuttering and non-stuttering children, and to investigate possible association between stuttering and phonological processes.Methods : 20 children (10 stuttering), female and male, between 4 to 8 years old, matched by gender and age. Children in the experimental group diagnosed with Stuttering and classified to severity of disease through the Stuttering Severity Instrument-3. Those who had evidence of deafness, neurological diseases and/ or psychiatric disorders were excluded. Children in both groups underwent speech and phonology evaluations by ABFW – Child Language Test.Results : 60% of phonological processes not expected for age were observed in the experimental group. Moreover, in the control group were only 10%. Differences between groups were not statistically significant on the incidence of phonological processes. There is evidence that the group of stuttering children is more likely the presence of at least one phonological process.Conclusion : the methodology applied in the investigation of phonological processes was effective, but due to small sample not been possible to develop the issue and verify if there is a difference in performance as the stuttering children phonological processes when compared to non-stuttering.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the postweaning history of heifers kept on marandu grass pastures with three canopy heights, in a continuous-grazing system, during the rainy period, on feedlot- or pasture finishing. The effects of three canopy heights (15, 25 and 35 cm) associated with two supplements (mineral salt and protein-energy supplement) and two finishing systems in the dry period (feedlot and open pasture) were studied in the postweaning period during the rainy season. The adopted design was completely randomized, with seven replications (animals) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The animals which received protein-energy supplement reached the finishing period with greater body weight in relation to those fed mineral salt. In both feedlot and pasture finishing systems, compensatory gain effect was observed in the animals that remained on the low pastures during postweaning compared with the high pastures. This compensatory gain was not verified in the animals that received protein-energy supplement in relation to the mineral salt, and thus the animals were slaughtered beforehand. The heifers on pastures with 25 or 35 cm in height were slaughtered in the same period, and those kept on the low pastures were slaughtered afterwards. The studied factors in the postweaning phase did not affect the carcass characteristics. Animals finished in feedlot slaughtered with the same body weight as those finished on pasture show greater carcass yield, subcutaneous fat deposition and renal pelvic and inguinal fat and greater losses with trimmings for cleaning the main hindquarter meat cuts; however, they provide cuts with the same weight but greater fat cover.

In 2005, odontogenic cyst was classified as keratocyst odontogenic tumor due to being aggressive and recurrent. The keratocyst odontogenic tumor has characteristics, with slow development, does not cause metastases and provides great bone destruction. The aim of this study was to discuss the aspects regarding the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of odontogenic keratocyst tumor, through the report of two cases. Both initially underwent decompression of the lesion present proximity of anatomical structures to be great and noble, aiming to prevent pathological fractures. We carried out the clinical-radiographic and after regression of the lesion, patients underwent enucleation total.

El año 2005 quiste odontogénico fue clasificado como un tumor queratoquiste odontogénico (TQO) debido a su agresividad y recurrencia. El TQO tiene las características del tumor: crecimiento lento, no causa metástasis y proporciona una gran destrucción ósea. El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar los aspectos relacionados con el diagnóstico, pronóstico y tratamiento del TQO mediante la presentación de dos casos. Ambos casos fueron inicialmente sometidos a descompresión debido al gran tamaño de la lesión y la proximidad de ésta con estructuras anatómicas importantes, con el objetivo de prevenir las fracturas patológicas. Se llevó a cabo un seguimiento clínico-radiográfico y después de tener una regresión de la lesión postdescompresión, los pacientes fueron sometidos la enucleación total.

Calvaria grafts provide good bone quantity for the reconstruction of the atrophic maxilla, and have lower morbidity and resorption rates when compared to iliac crest. The aim of this paper is to present the technique for obtaining a graft of the skull. Initially, the depth of the osteotomy is determined by a manually conducted bur, which establishes the limits of the structures of the skull (outer table, diploe and inner table), making the removal of bone blocks easier and safer. Thus, osteotomies of the blocks are made with greater security, avoiding the complications inherent to surgical technique. The case that will be presented it is from a male patient of 65 years who refused to submit to the iliac crest graft, opting for the calvaria, despite being bald, that is a contraindication for this treatment modality. A delicate suture associated with placement of titanium mesh to maintain the conformation of the patient's skull in the region of the bone defect, created after removal of the graft, provided a good cosmetic result at the donor site. The use of titanium mesh for re-anatomization of bone defects created in the grafts is well indicated for bald patients.

Los injertos de calvaria proporcionan una buena cantidad de hueso para la reconstrucción del maxilar atrófico, y tienen menores tasas de morbilidad y reabsorción en comparación con la cresta ilíaca. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la técnica para la obtención de un injerto del cráneo. Inicialmente, la profundidad de la osteotomía se determina mediante una fresa manualmente, lo que establece los límites de las estructuras del cráneo (tabla externa, diploe y tabla interna), lo que hace la eliminación de bloques óseos más fácil y segura. Por lo tanto, las osteotomías de los bloques se hacen con mayor seguridad, evitando las complicaciones inherentes a la técnica quirúrgica. Se presenta el caso de un paciente hombre de 65 años que se negó a ser sometido a injerto de cresta ilíaca, optando por la bóveda craneal, a pesar de ser calvo, que es una contraindicación para esta modalidad de tratamiento. Una sutura cuidadosa asociada con la colocación de malla de titanio para mantener la conformación del cráneo del paciente en la región del defecto óseo creado después de obtención del injerto, deja un buen resultado cosmético en el sitio donante. El uso de malla de titanio para la re-anatomización de defectos óseos creados en los injertos está bien indicada para pacientes calvos.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu canopy structure maintained at different grazing heights under a continuous stocking rate and with a dietary supplementation strategy for the animals during the rainy season. This study also intended to observe the relationships of these variables with the grazing behaviors of the heifers. The effects of three canopy heights (15, 25 and 35 cm) were evaluated in association with three types of supplements: one mineral and two protein/energy supplements, the first with a high rumen degradable protein and energy and the others with a low ratio. Both the protein/energy supplements were provided at 0.3% of body weight/day. The experimental design was completely randomized, with two replications and repeated measures, and took place during the period from January to April 2008. The supplementation strategies did not affect any variable related to the canopy structure. Total and green herbage masses and the ratio of green/dead material increased with canopy height. The leaf/stem ratio was higher in the lowest canopy height: 15 cm. Changes in the canopy structure caused variations in the grazing behavior of the animals. Animals maintained in the 15-cm-tall pasture grazed for a longer time, increasing the time for each meal, but the number of meals was lower than that of the animals grazing within the 35-cm-tall pasture. The grazing time of animals receiving the energy/protein supplement was lower only in the period of the day during which it was supplied. Canopy structure is affected by sward height, and changes animal behavior. Supplementation does not affect the canopy structure of the pastures with similar heights.

The objective of this study was to assess the sward canopy structure of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pastures maintained in three grazing intensities under continuous stocking system during the rainy season, along with the behavior and performance of grazing beef heifers supplemented with mineral salt or an energy/protein supplement. Three levels of forage allowance were assessed: 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 kg of forage/kg of live weight, combined with two supplements (ad libitum mineral salt, and an energy/protein supplement at 0.3% of live weight/day, supplied daily). The experiment was designed as a randomized block study with two replications. The supplements did not influence the variables related to the canopy structure. Canopy height was greater at higher forage allowances during the late summer and early fall. Similarly, the stem mass was greater in pastures with higher forage allowances. Animals fed protein supplement spent less time grazing than animals supplemented with mineral salt. Stocking rate was higher in pastures with lower forage allowance levels, which increased the live weight gain per grazing area. Daily weight gain did not vary according to the forage allowance levels. The use of an energy/protein supplement did not affect the stocking rate; however, it increased individual live weight gain and live weight gain per grazing area compared with mineral salt supplementation. The use of energy/protein supplements is an efficient alternative to enhance animal performance and production under grazing systems during the rainy season

This study aimed to describe the profile of the acute exogenous intoxications, among children from 0 to 12 years of age, assisted in a specialized hospital of Goiânia between July and December of 2006. It is a study of the type descriptive, exploratory, with quantitative approach. The analysis demonstrated that most of the children lives in urban zone, being 53,7% coming from Goiânia-GO. Among the 121 cases, 51,2% corresponded to intoxications with individuals of the masculine sex, and in 80,2% the accident happened at home. The most frequent age group corresponded to children between 1 and 3 years, totaling 64,4% of the notified cases. The most common way of intoxication was oral, being exclusive in 116 cases (95,7%). The most common causal agent was the medicine (34%), followed by the mouse poisons (14%) and chemical products of household use (13%). Understands that knowing the profile of the infantile intoxications is possible to constitute subsidies that allow to work preventive and therapeutic aspects of these intoxications. In this context, the nurse takes a fundamental function, acting like as educator near parents and children, with the intention of reducing mortality rate and minimizing relative aspects to the morbid of this type of infantile accident.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir lo perfil de las intoxicaciones exógenas agudas, entre los niños de 0 a 12 años de edad, atendidos en un hospital especializado de la red publica de Goiânia entre julio y diciembre de 2006. Es un estudio del tipo descriptivo, exploratorio, con abordaje cuantitativo. El análisis demostró que la mayoría de los niños viven en la zona urbana, siendo 53,7% procedentes de Goiânia-GO. Entre los 121 casos, 51,2% correspondieron a intoxicaciones con individuos del sexo masculino, y en 80,2% el accidente ocurrió en el domicilio. El grupo de edad más frecuente correspondió a los niños entre 1 y 3 años, totalizando 64,4% de los casos notificados. La vía más común de intoxicación fue oral, siendo exclusivo en 116 casos (95,7%). El agente causal más común fue la medicina (34%), seguido por venenos del ratón (14%) y productos químicos de uso domiciliar (13%). Entiende que sabiendo el perfil de las intoxicaciones infantiles es posible constituir subsidios que permiten trabajar aspectos preventivos y terapéuticos de estas intoxicaciones. En este contexto, el enfermero asume un papel fundamental, actuando como educador cerca de los padres y niños, con la intención de reducir los índices de mortalidad y minimizando los aspectos relativos al mórbido de este tipo de accidente infantil.

Este estudo objetivou descrever o perfil das intoxicações exógenas agudas, entre crianças de 0 a 12 anos de idade, atendidas em um hospital especializado em atendimentos maternos e infantis da rede pública de Goiânia, entre julho e dezembro de 2006. Trata-se de estudo do tipo descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa. A análise demonstrou que a maioria das crianças vive em zona urbana, sendo 53,7% procedentes de Goiânia-GO. Dentre os 121 casos, 51,2% corresponderam a intoxicações com indivíduos do sexo masculino, sendo que em 80,2% o acidente ocorreu no domicílio. A faixa etária mais freqüente correspondeu a crianças entre 1 e 3 anos, totalizando 64,4% dos casos notificados. A via de intoxicação mais freqüente foi a oral, sendo exclusiva em 116 casos (95,7%). O agente causal mais prevalente foi o medicamento (34%), seguido dos raticidas (14%) e produtos químicos de uso domiciliar (13%). Entende-se que conhecendo o perfil das intoxicações infantis é possível constituir subsídios que permitam trabalhar aspectos preventivos e terapêuticos destas intoxicações. Neste contexto, o enfermeiro assume um papel fundamental, atuando como educador junto aos pais e crianças, com o intuito de reduzir índices de mortalidade e minimizando aspectos relativos à morbidade deste tipo de acidente infantil.

Apesar de o exercício ser associado à redução da mortalidade cardiovascular em pacientes com diabetes melito tipo 1 (DM1), vários pontos do tópico exercício em DM1 merecem discussão. Por exemplo: resultados contraditórios têm sido relatados sobre os benefícios da atividade física no controle metabólico desses pacientes. Ainda controverso também é o tipo de exercício mais benéfico neste grupo. Outro ponto refere-se ao melhor ajuste na dose de insulina recomendada para a prática de exercício. Este artigo propõe-se a discutir esses e outros tópicos. O efeito do exercício no controle metabólico em DM1 permanece controverso. Alguns autores encontrando um efeito benéfico na hemoglobina glicada e outros não. Outro ponto controverso é o tipo de exercício mais indicado: resistido ou aeróbico. Existem poucos trabalhos na literatura sobre o efeito do exercício resistido no controle metabólico em DM1. Ainda sem esclarecimento é o efeito do exercício no perfil lipídico em DM1. A intensidade e a duração do exercício, o grau de atividade do indivíduo, a presença de complicações do diabetes, o tempo de doença e o quadro clínico são algumas variáveis que devem ser analisadas antes de se iniciar um programa de exercício. Um esquema de ajuste na dose de insulina e/ou reposição de carboidrato devem ser estratégias utilizadas para se evitar a hipoglicemia relacionada ao exercício. Outros dois aspectos importantes são hidratação e a monitorização que deve ser realizada antes, durante e após o exercício. Ainda neste artigo é discutida avaliação médica pré-exercício.

Although physical activity has been associated with cardiovascular mortality reduction in type-1 diabetes (DM1) patients, many points in the topic 'exercise' deserve a closer look. For example: contradictory data have been reported regarding the benefits of physical activity on metabolic control in these patients. Still contradictory is the type of exercise that brings more benefit in this group. Another issue is the best way of reducing insulin doses for exercise. This article intent to discuss these topics. The effect of exercise on metabolic control in DM1 is still contradictory. Some authors show a beneficial effect on glycated hemoglobin (A1c) and others do not. Another point to be analized is which type of exercise is better for these patients: aerobic or of resistance. There is a lack of information related to the effect of resistance exercises without the aerobic training on metabolic control in type-1 diabetes. The effect of exercise on lipid profile in DM1 is another issue. The intensity and duration of the exercises, the level of physical activity, the duration of the disease and the presence of cronic complications are some points that might be taken into consideration before starting an exercise program. Guidelines for the reduction in insulin dose or the use of carbohydrate are strategies to avoid hypoglycemia related to exercises. Hydration and self-monitored blood glucose levels are also very important topics. This article will also discuss the clinical evaluation before doing any exercise.