RESUMEN Introducción:La condición homocigótica negativa del grupo sanguíneo Duffy (Fy-/Fy-) confiere resistencia natural a Plasmodium vivax. En este sentido, los estudios realizados en Colombia son escasos. Objetivo: describir la relación entre los genotipos Duffy en tres comunidades étnicas de La Italia (Chocó), y la malaria. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, transversal con individuos sintomáticos o asintomáticos de malaria. Tamaño muestral por etnia: afrocolombiana 73; amerindia 74, mestiza171. La infección plasmodial se estudió por gota gruesa y el estado del gen Duffy por PCR y RFLP con el fin de identificar los cambios T-46C y A131G que originan los genotipos T/T, T/C , C/C y G/G, G/A, A/A. Resultados: se encontró infección plasmodial en 17% con 62% por P. falciparum y 27% por P. vivax. Se halló relación entre genotipos Duffy y etnia (p=0,003). Los individuos con diplotipos C/C,A/A se infectaron exclusivamente con P. falciparum, mientras que otros diplotipos por las dos especies. En amerindios y mestizos la frecuencia del alelo T-46 fué 0,90-1,00, en afrocolombianos fué 0,50, al igual que el alelo C, con ausencia de heterocigotos. En el locus 131 la máxima frecuencia del alelo G fue 0,30 en amerindios y la máxima del alelo A fue 0,69 en afrocolombianos. Conclusiones: En las poblaciones amerindia y mestiza estudiadas predomina el alelo T-46 (FY+), pero no predomina en ellas la infección por P. vivax. Ningún individuo FY- tuvo infección por P. vivax.

ABSTRACT Background:The negative homozygous condition for the Duffy blood group (Fy-/Fy-) confers natural resistance to Plasmodium vivax infection. In this direction, studies carried out in Colombia are scarce Objective: To describe the relationship between Duffy genotypes in three ethnic communities in La Italia (Chocó) and malaria infection. Methodology: a descriptive, cross-sectional study in symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria subjects. Sample size : Afro American, 73; Amerindian (Emberá), 74 and Mestizo, 171. Presence of Plasmodium infection was assessed by thick smear and the status of the Duffy gene by PCR and RFLP in order to identify the substitutions T-46C y A131G which origin the genotypes T/T, T/C , C/C y G/G, G/A, A/A. Results: Infection by Plasmodium was detected in 17% with 62% due to P. falciparum and 27% to P. vivax. Duffy genotypes were significantly associated to ethnicity (p=0,003). Individuals with the C/C, A/A diplotype were exclusively infected by P. falciparum, whereas other diplotypes were infected with either species. In the Amerindian and Mestizo populations, the frequency of the T-46 allele was 0,90-1,00, among Afrocolombians this was 0,50, equal to the C allele and with absence of heterozygous At locus 131, the highest frequency of the G allele was 0,30 in Amerindians and the A allele was 0,69 in Afrocolombians. Conclusions: In the Amerindian and mestizo populations studied, a predominance of the allele T-46 (FY+) was observed, but P. vivax was not the most common. Infection by P. vivax was out ruled in all FY- individuals.

A qualidade culinária do arroz é determinada por aspectos relacionados à textura e à pegajosidade, podendo ser determinada por vários métodos. Sendo assim, efetuaram-se testes de temperatura de gelatinização, teor de amilose, viscosidade (viscosímetro de Brookfield e Analisador Rápido de Viscosidade) e análise sensorial em cultivares de diferentes sistemas de cultivo. Todas as amostras de terras altas e apenas duas do sistema irrigado apresentaram teor de amilose intermediário. Em relação à pegajosidade, apenas as cultivares BRS Primavera, BRS Sertaneja e BRS Tropical apresentaram-se com aspecto de grãos cozidos soltos. As cultivares do sistema irrigado tendem a ser menos duras, pois apresentam menor viscosidade que as cultivares de terras altas. Entre as amostras de terras altas, todas apresentaram perfis similares de curva viscoamilográfica, já em relação aos materiais de irrigado, os maiores picos de viscosidade foram obtidos para BRS Alvorada, IRGA 417 e SCS BRS Piracema. Puderam-se observar características distintas entre os dois sistemas por meio da análise de agrupamento. As cultivares de terras altas indicaram, em sua maioria, características de grãos macios e soltos, confirmadas pelos testes sensoriais. As cultivares de arroz irrigado, em sua maioria, apresentam características de grãos macios e pegajosos. Diferentes metodologias permitiram melhor construção do perfil culinário das amostras estudadas.

Rice cooking quality is usually evaluated by texture and stickiness characteristics using many different methods. Gelatinization temperature, amylose content, viscosity (Brookfield viscometer and Rapid Visco Analyzer), and sensory analysis were performed to characterize culinary quality of rice grains produced under two cropping systems and submitted to different technologies. All samples from the upland cropping system and two from the irrigated cropping system presented intermediate amylose content. Regarding stickiness, BRS Primavera, BRS Sertaneja, and BRS Tropical showed loose cooked grains. Irrigated cultivars presented less viscosity and were softer than upland cultivars. Upland grain samples had similar profile on the viscoamylografic curve, but the highest viscosity peaks were observed for BRS Alvorada, IRGA 417, and SCS BRS Piracema among the irrigated cropping system samples. In general, distinct grain characteristics were observed between upland and irrigated samples by cluster analysis. The majority of the upland cultivars showed soft and loose grains with adequate cooking quality confirmed by sensory tests. Most of the irrigated cultivars, however, presented soft and sticky grains. Different methodologies allowed to improve the construction of the culinary profile of the varieties studied.

Este trabalho avaliou a adição de duas cepas de bactérias lácticas (2 e B6) na sobrevivência, qualidade de pós-larva e na população de bactérias na larvicultura de Litopenaeus vannamei experimentalmente infectado por Vibrio harveyi. Mil e quinhentos náuplios foram distribuídos em tanques de 20 L com quatro repetições. A sobrevivência dos animais controle foi menor (21%) do que a dos alimentados com as cepas B6 (50%) e 2 (44%). Sobrevivência de misis após desafio com V. harveyi foi maior em B6 do que nos outros tratamentos. A população total de bactérias na água e nas larvas, bem como de Vibrio ssp. na água não foi diferente entre os tratamentos. Não houve diferença, também, entre a população de Vibrio ssp. em larvas do grupo controle (5,5±0,5 log UFC/mL) e larvas alimentadas com a cepa 2 (5,4±0,1 log UFC/mL). Camarões do grupo controle e alimentados com cepa 2 apresentaram maior população de bactérias do que os alimentados com cepa B6 (1,2±0,2 log UFC/mL). Foi comprovada a menor presença de bactérias entéricas com potencial de patogenicidade nos animais alimentados com a cepa B6, apresentando também comportamento mais ativo e menor número de necroses em relação ao controle e cepa 2.

This study evaluated the survival, post-larvae quality, and the population of bacteria in Litopenaeus vannamei after the addition of two strains of lactic-acid bacteria (2 and B6) experimentally infected by Vibrio harveyi. Fifteen hundred nauplii were distributed in 20 L capacity tanks with four replicates. The survival of control animals was lower (21%) than that of animals fed with the strains B6 (50%) and 2 (44%). Total bacterial population in the water and larvae, as well as of the Vibrio ssp. in water was not different among the treatments. No difference was observed in the population of Vibrio ssp. between the control larvae (5.5±0.5 log UFC/mL) and that fed with strain 2 (5.4±0.1 log UFC/mL). Shrimp from control and fed with strain 2 showed significantly higher bacterial population than those fed with strain B6 (1.2±0.2 log UFC/mL). It was detected the lower load of Vibrio ssp. bacteria with potential of pathogenicity after feeding with strain B6.Moreover, these larvae showed more active behavior and low number of necrosis in relation to the control group and to that fed with strain 2.