ABSTRACT. This study investigated the effect of acclimation temperatures and eyestalk ablation (EA) on the thermal tolerance of juvenile Penaeus vannamei. In each case, the relative expression of genes involved in cell protection (hsp70 and hsp90), oxidative stress (cMnSOD and GPx), and anaerobic metabolism (hif1a) was assessed. For this purpose, shrimp were acclimated to 20, 26, and 32°C for 21 days. After acclimation, the critical thermal maxima (CTmax) was determined in non-eyestalk ablated, unilaterally, and bilaterally eyestalk ablated organisms. An effect of acclimation temperatures on CTmax values was observed, with shrimp acclimated at 32°C having the highest rates. Likewise, EA resulted in lower thermal tolerance to CTmax in organisms acclimated at 20 and 26°C. The shrimp's protective and cellular repair responses were evidenced by increased hsp70 and hsp90 gene expression after CTmax and were intensified by the EA. In contrast, the results showed that cMnSOD was very sensitive to CTmax, and its expression was intensified with EA, while for GPx, there was an increase in the relative gene expression, mainly in shrimp acclimated at 20°C. In the case of hif1a, overexpression was observed at the acclimation temperature of 26°C, showing the activation of compensatory mechanisms such as anaerobic metabolism. EA caused a significant molecular response during CTmax of molecular biomarkers involved in heat stress response, oxidative stress, and compensatory mechanisms.

Abstract Introduction . Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting approximately 5% of the world population, with symptoms that may persist into adulthood. Despite the findings on the clinical course of this disorder, information regarding comorbidity patterns, psychosocial and executive functioning in adult life in those with and without ADHD in Latin American samples is scarce. Objective . The aim of this study is to compare the comorbidity pattern, psychosocial, and executive functioning of adults with and without ADHD from a clinical sample. Method . One hundred and fifty-one patients between 20 and 45 years, with screened positively on ASRS-V1.1, were invited to continue an evaluation process as part of clinical research program (PROMETEO): 1) K-SADS-PL Mx interview, 2) MINI-Plus interview, ASRS-V1-1 18 item version, BRIEF self-reported questionnaire, SCQA-ADHD, and 3) Individual case review by clinical expert in ADHD. Results . Individuals in the ADHD group had a higher average of comorbid disorders (2.5 SD 1.1 vs. 1.3 SD 1.0 respectively, F = .439; t = -6.621; df = 149; p < .001), more likelihood of procrastinating (OR = 6.5; 95% CI[2.6, 16.2]; z = 4.0) and were more likely to present difficulties in both the behavior regulation index (OR = 104.9; 95% CI[31.8, 345.7]; z = 7.65) and the metacognitive index (OR = 94.79; 95% CI[29.10, 308.76]; z = 7.56) compared to the non-ADHD group, regardless of gender. Discussion and conclusions . Our results indicate that the ADHD adult group presented with more comorbidity, and worse psychosocial and executive functioning than non-ADHD adults.

Resumen Introducción . El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo que afecta aproximadamente al 5% de la población mundial, persistiendo hasta la adultez. A pesar de los hallazgos acerca del curso clínico de este trastorno, la información es escasa con respecto a los patrones de comorbilidad, funcionamiento psicosocial y ejecutivo en la vida adulta entre aquellos con y sin TDAH en muestras latinoamericanas. Objetivo . Comparar el patrón de comorbilidad, el funcionamiento psicosocial y ejecutivo de adultos con y sin TDAH de una muestra clínica. Método . Ciento cincuenta y un pacientes entre 20 y 45 años, quienes inicialmente presentaron un tamizaje positivo del ASRS-V1.1, fueron evaluados dentro de un programa de investigación clínica (PROMETEO) con los siguientes instrumentos: 1) la entrevista K-SADS-PL-Mx, 2) la entrevista MINI-Plus, la version de 18 items del ASRS-V1-1, y los cuestionarios autoaplicados BRIEF y SCQA-ADHD y 3) Revisión de cada caso por un clínico experto en el diagnóstico de TDAH. Resultados . El grupo de TDAH comparado con aquel sin TDAH presentó un mayor promedio de trastornos comórbidos (2.5 DE 1.1 vs 1.3 DE 1.0 respectivamente, F = .439; t = -6.621; gl = 149; p < .001), mayor probabilidad de procrastinar (OR = 6.5; 95% IC[2.6, 16.2]; z = 4.0), y mayor probabilidad de presentar dificultades tanto en el índice de regulación de la conducta (OR = 104.9; 95% IC[31.8, 345.7]; z = 7.65) como en el índice metacognitivo (OR = 94.79; 95% IC[29.10, 308.76]; z = 7.56) independientemente del sexo. Discusión y conclusión . Nuestros resultados señalan que los adultos con TDAH presentan mayor comorbilidad y peor funcionamiento psicosocial y ejecutivo que los adultos sin TDAH.

The present publication details the works carried out for the delimitation of uranium anomalies in the Laguna Sirven Project, north of Santa Cruz Province. During the 70s the CNEA conducted studies aimed at defining areas with potential for uranium mineralization in the provinces of Santa Cruz and Chubut, including this Project. This site corresponds to a sedimentary deposit formed by rich uranium precipitations at the water table interface, creating calcretes of a large extent and typically tabular form. In most of these deposits, uranium comes from the weathering of volcanic rocks, which could be secondary uranium depo-sits. Uranium solubility is closely linked to oxidation potential, whereby under oxidizing conditions uranium is found as U6+ cation, highly soluble and therefore very mobile. However, in a reducing environment, the U6+ ion is converted into the insoluble form U4+. Thus, the uranium in solution fows through permeable strata until it meets reducing conditions and precipitates. Geochemically, uranium is an incompatible element, which causes it to be one of the latest elements in crystallizing from a magmatic fuid. Therefore, it concentrates in acid rocks formed at the final stages of magmatic differentiation. It is estimated that, in the deposit model, the primary source of uranium is the Cretaceous pyroclastites from Castillo, Bajo Barreal and Laguna Palacios formations, belonging to the Chubut Group, and to a lesser extent the Jurassic pyroclastites from Bahía Laura Group. The studies conducted through remote sensing were based on LandSat 7 ETM+ and ASTER multispectral images, and Digital Elevation Models from SRTM images. Many products were generated from this image data set oriented to the delimitation of mineral and thermal anomalies, runoff patterns, source and deposition areas. Afiterward, feldwork was performed in the area, including a gamma radiospectrometry terrestrial survey and geobotanical sampling. The integration of all the information obtained into a Geographic Information System allowed us to move forward in exploratory works in this Project.

En la presente publicación se detallan los trabajos realizados para la delimitación de anomalías uraníferas en el Proyecto Laguna Sirven, al norte de la Provincia de Santa Cruz. En la década del 70 la CNEA realizó estudios orientados a la definición de sectores con potencialidad de mineralización de uranio en las provincias de Santa Cruz y Chubut, entre los que se encontraba este Proyecto. Se trata de un depósito sedimentario formado por precipitaciones ricas en uranio cerca de la interfaz del nivel freático, generando calcretes de gran extensión y forma típicamente tabular. En la mayoría de estos depósitos, el uranio proviene de la meteorización de rocas volcánicas, las cuales podrían ser yacimientos secundarios de uranio. La solubilidad del uranio está estrechamente ligada al potencial de oxidación, por lo cual bajo condiciones oxidantes el uranio se encuentra como catión U6+, altamente soluble y por ende muy móvil. Sin embargo, en un ambiente reductor, el ion U6+ se convierte a la forma insoluble U4+. Así, el uranio en solución circula a través de estratos permeables hasta que se topa con condiciones reductoras y precipita. Geoquímicamente, el uranio es un elemento incompatible, lo cual genera que este elemento sea de los últimos en cristalizar a partir de un fuido magmático. Por consiguiente, se concentra en las rocas ácidas formadas en las últimas etapas de la diferenciación magmática. En el modelo del yacimiento se estima que la fuente primaria de uranio corresponde a las piroclastitas cretácicas de las formaciones Castillo, Bajo Barreal y Laguna Palacios, pertenecientes al Grupo Chubut, y en menor medida las piroclastitas jurásicas del Grupo Bahía Laura. Los estudios realizados mediante sensores remotos se basaron en imágenes multiespectrales LandSat 7 ETM+, ASTER, y Modelos de Elevación Digital a partir de imágenes SRTM. A partir de este set de imágenes se generaron diferentes productos orientados a la delimitación de anomalías minerales y térmicas, patrones de escorrentía, zonas de aporte y depositación. Luego, se realizaron trabajos de campo en la zona, los cuales incluyeron un relevamiento terrestre de ra-dioespectrometría gamma y toma de muestras para análisis geobotánicos. La integración del conjunto de información obtenida en un Sistema de Información Geográfica permitió avanzar con los trabajos exploratorios de uranio en este Proyecto.

Abstract: A decision tree based system with heuristic weight factors oriented to diagnosis by Morphological changes in brain tumors may be related to their malignancy. The objective of this work is to be able to detect and quantify these changes in a magnetic resonance imaging, since it can represent an important advantage for the noninvasive diagnosis in patients. One way to identify such morphological changes can be through the measurement of their tortuosity. The discrete tortuosity is a descriptor that characterizes bi-dimensional curves, as the contour of a region. In this work an alternative procedure for calculating the volumetric tortuosity of a surface is proposed. This technique is based in the slope chain code of the surface contour of a volume, and here we call it tridimensional discrete tortuosity. This descriptor is used as a morphometric index to study the tortuosity of brain tumors. For this, magnetic resonance images from 20 patients with low and high malignancy levels were analyzed, considering four regions: edema, whole tumor, enhancing region, and necrotic region. As a result, the tortuosities of the different regions are presented, with significant differences only in some of them. It should be noted that a disadvantage that is present, is the dependence of the measurement to the use of a robust method of segmentation, nevertheless the proposal of the discrete tortuosity for volumetric surfaces is satisfactory.

Resumen: Los tumores cerebrales pueden presentar cambios morfológicos dependiendo de su grado de malignidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es poder detectar y cuantificar estos cambios morfológicos a partir imágenes de resonancia magnética, ya que puede representar una ventaja importante para el diagnóstico no invasivo de los pacientes. Una forma de identificar dichos cambios morfológicos es a través de la medición de su tortuosidad. La tortuosidad discreta es un descriptor que caracteriza curvas bidimensionales, como el contorno de una región. En este trabajo se propone una variante para calcular la tortuosidad de superficies volumétricas. Esta técnica se basa en el uso del código cadena de cambios de pendientes del contorno superficial de un volumen y la denominamos como tortuosidad discreta tridimensional. Este descriptor se utiliza como un índice morfométrico para estudiar la tortuosidad de tumores cerebrales. Para ello se analizan imágenes de resonancia magnética de 20 pacientes con presencia de gliomas de bajo y alto grado de malignidad, considerando cuatro regiones de interés: edema, tumor entero, región activa y necrosis. Como resultado, se muestran los distintos grados de tortuosidad de las diversas regiones, encontrándose solo en algunas de ellas diferencias significativas. Cabe señalar que una desventaja que se tiene presente, es la dependencia de la medición a la utilización de un método robusto de segmentación de las regiones, sin embargo la propuesta de la tortuosidad discreta para superficies volumétricas es satisfactoria.

The zeolite is an abundant mineral resource in the State of Sonora whose quality converts it in an important corrective factor of the deteriorated soils of cultivation of the State. The agriculture of Sonora in the last years has lost agricultural lands for the salinity, due to the shortage of water and the necessity of obtaining it every time of deeper wells what causes its salinization. The present work approaches the use of a natural zeolite modified chemically to be an employee as booster of the soil by means of ionic exchange. The used method is similar to the employees at world, with the single difference of the chemical specificity, mineralogical of this natural zeolite of Sonora.

La zeolita es un recurso mineral abundante en el Estado de Sonora, cuya calidad lo convierte en un importante factor corrector de los deteriorados suelos de cultivo del Estado. La agricultura sonorense en los últimos años ha perdido tierras de labor por la salinidad, debido a la escasez de agua y la necesidad de obtenerla cada vez de pozos más profundos lo que provoca su salinización. El presente trabajo aborda el uso de una zeolita natural modificada químicamente para ser empleada como mejorador del suelo mediante intercambio iónico. El método empleado es similar a los empleados a nivel mundial, con la sola diferencia de la especificidad química, mineralógica de esta zeolita natural de Sonora.

Shrimp Lysozyme (Lyz) is a key component of the antibacterial response as part of the innate defense in Crustacea; however, it has not been possible to purify this protein because of the very low amount present in the shrimp blood cells (hemocytes). In an effort to produce enough protein to study its function and biochemical properties we have overexpressed Lysozyme from marine shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) in E. coli. A bacterial protein expression system based on the T7 polymerase promoter was used. Although Lyz was produced as insoluble protein in inclusion bodies, its refolding led to an active protein with a yield of ~10%. Details of the protein recombinant expression techniques applied to this shrimp protein are presented

Se designa como botriomicosis a la infección granulomatosa crónica causada por bacterias, que afectan piel y vísceras. Fue descrita por primera vez en 1870 por Bollinger. El primer caso en humanos se reportó en 1910, por Archibald. Clínicamente mimetiza patologías neoplásicas (Slootmaekers, 1997) e infecciones micóticas o por actinomicetos (Picou, 1979). Histológicamente puede presentarse con características comunes a micosis e infecciones bacterianas especificas. Staphylococcus aureus es el agente más frecuente (Wu, 1978), junto a Pseudomonas sp, E. coli y Neisseria sp, (Bishop 1976; Fain 1997; Washburn 1985). Se caracteriza macroscópicamente por lesiones nodulares de contenido purulento, con tendencia a fistulizar; y microscópicamente por granulomas con agrupaciones bacterianas, generalmente en racimos, embebidas en una matriz hialina eosinofílica (Shlossberg, 1998), contenida en una cápsula fibrosa, apariencia que semeja los gránulos actinomicóticos. La forma cutánea es la más frecuente y con mejor pronóstico, a diferencia de la forma visceral. Se asocia con fibrosis quística (Katnelsen, 1964), alteraciones en la inmunidad celular (Buckley, 1968), enfermedad granulomatosa crónica (Washburn, 1985), diabetes mellitus (Leibowitz, 1981), pacientes VIH-positivos (Toth, 1987) y como infección oportunista poco frecuente (Klassen, 1996). El diagnóstico se realiza por demostración del agente a través de coloraciones, cultivo y otras técnicas, y al excluir hongos y actinomicetos (Brown, 1990). El tratamiento es en base a antibioticoterapia prolongada, escisión quirúrgica (Chu, 1994) y otras técnicas complementarias (Leffell, 1989).

Botryomycosis is a granulomatous chronic infection caused by bacteria that affect skin and viscera. It was described for the first time in 1870 by Bollinger, the first case in human was reported in 1910 by Archibald. Clinically it mimics pathologies as tumors (Slootmaekers, 1997) and fungal or actinomicetal infections (Picou, 1979). In histology, can be presented with characteristic common to fungal and bacterial infections very specific. Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent agent (Wu, 1978), follow of Pseudomonas sp, E. coli, Neisseria sp, (Bishop 1976; Fain 1997; Washburn 1985). Macroscopically is characterized by nodule lesions, of contained dead white blood cells, with tendency to do fistula; and microscopically for granulomas with bacterial groupings in clusters generally absorbed in a main actinomycotical hialin eosinofílic (Shlossberg, 1998), contained in a fibrous capsule, appearance that looks like the granules. The cutaneous form is the most frequent and with better presage, contrary to the visceral form. The patology associates with cystic fibrosis (Katnelsen, 1964), alterations in the cellular immunity (Buckley, 1968), granulomatous chronic illness (Washburn, 1985), diabetes mellitus (Leibowitz, 1981), HIV positive patient (Toth, 1987), and as infection opportunistic (Klassen, 1996). The diagnosis is made done by the demonstration of the agent through stains, culture and other techniques; and excluding mycotic and actinomicetal infection (Brown, 1990). Treatment is with base to lingering antibiotics, surgical excision (Chu, 1994) and other complementary techniques (Leffell, 1989).

The effects of popping and extrusion processes on some of the hydration properties of Amarantus cruentus, which had already been degermed and dehulled, are discussed. Response surface methodology was used to analyse the effect of process variables (temperature and moisture) on hydration properties, evaluated by water solubility (S) and by amylographic retrogradation (R) . Results show that precooked flours obtained by popping have a very high suspension consistency with low or intermediate S, while those obtained by extrusion have very high S but a much lower suspension consistency. The high S values for extruded samples are even higher than those for extruded waxy types of cereals. The effects of the variables on each response depend on each case. S increases as temperature (T) and moisture (M) increase in both processes, although in extrusion, a maximum value was observed at 200 ºC and about 15% M. On the other hand, an inverse variable effect is observed for R; a minimum value is observed with extruded samples at about 14% M and for the whole T range, while a typical saddle-shaped surface is obtained for popped samples, with maximum values found at about 14 % and 18 % M for the two extreme T values, the highest and lowest, respectively. Another interesting effect is that the S-R pair values corresponding to popped samples do not fit the correlation between S and R, normally found with extruded samples. We can conclude that with the application of both processes it is possible to obtain precooked flours that have a wide range of hydration properties.