ABSTRACT The particle film technology has been reported as a promising tool in pest control. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of kaolin-based products against the oviposition of South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus (Dip.:Tephritidae), and its effect on the quality of citrus fruits. The experiment was conducted in orchards of ‘Okitsu’ tangerine and ‘Valencia’ orange trees in the 2017, 2018 and 2019 harvests. The treatments were as follows: 1) kaolin 10% + 0.1% Break-Thru® adjuvant; 2) Surround® 5% WP; 3) 0.15% phosmet (Imidan® 500 WP), 75 g. a.i.; 4) without application (control). The sprays were performed every 21 days. At harvest, fruits were individually packed in a greenhouse for inspection after 25 days and infestation was recorded. Fruit samples were evaluated for average diameter, average mass, soluble solids, titratable acidity and peel colorimetry. Infestation of A. fraterculus in tangerines was reduced in plants treated with the two kaolin-based products in the 2017 harvest. In the 2017 and 2019 crops, Surround® WP reduced the infestation and the number of puparium/fruits in oranges. The mineral films did not alter the physicochemical characteristics of the fruits, representing a promising alternative for the management of A. fraterculus.

ABSTRACT Oebalus poecilus is one of the most important pests of irrigated rice in Brazil. However, the impact of this species on the cultivar IRGA 424 RI, which is the most used, is unknown. Hence, the objective of this work is to evaluate the damage caused by O. poecilus on cv IRGA 424 RI. Panicles of this cultivar were infested for seven days at the R5 stage, using a randomized block design, considering the following factors sex, insect reproductive stage and insect density (number/panicle). In order to analyze the effect of these factors, the qualitative and quantitative damage caused by stink bugs to panicles were evaluated. An interaction was found between the sex and developmental stage for quantitative variables, in which reproductive females were responsible for increasing the damage in comparison to pre-reproductive females and the males, while the greatest qualitative damage was caused by reproductive insects regardless of sex and by females, despite the reproductive stage. Density of only one infesting insect has already increased the qualitative damage, while significant losses on the weight of the grain were verified with the infestation of two insects, demonstrating that IRGA 424 RI is susceptible to the attack of these stink bugs.

ABSTRACT Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock (Diptera: Tephritidae), native of Southeast Asia, is present in Brazil but restricted to Amapá, Pará and Roraima, where it has quarantine pest status. The possible dispersion to other fruit producing regions of Brazil could cause damages, including for exportation, due to quarantine restrictions imposed by fruit importing countries. The objective of this work was to describe the biological parameters and calculate the fertility life table of B. carambolae on grape (Vitis vinifera L.) and acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.). The experiment was conducted in the laboratory under controlled conditions. The mean number of punctures and the mean number of eggs per female on grapes were 1.48 ± 0.05 and 9.87 ± 0.36, respectively. The mean number puparia per fruit was 0.1 ± 0.02 (grape) and 0.5 ± 0.10 (acerola). The pupal viability was 82.4% (grape) and 70.6% (acerola). The mean time ± SE of one generation, in days, was 25.8 ± 1.10 (grape) and 19.7 ± 0.21 (acerola). The mean fecundity was 1663.8 ± 501.01 (grape) and 206.9 ± 26.21 (acerola) with eggs viability of 5.6% (grape) and 12.5% (acerola). The mean longevity, in days, was 77.3 ± 12.13 on grape and 82.4 ± 4.24 on acerola. The study found that B. carambolae completes its biological cycle on grape and on acerola leaving offspring.

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar a flutuação populacional e estimar o número de gerações por ano de Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae), com base nas variáveis meteorológicas de Caçador, Santa Catarina, Brasil. O estudo foi conduzido em pomar orgânico de macieira, de outubro de 2009 a abril de 2012. O número de moscas-das-frutas foi aferido semanalmente, com quatro armadilhas do tipo McPhail iscadas com Torula®. A associação entre o número de adultos capturados e as variáveis meteorológicas (temperaturas máxima, mínima e média, precipitação pluviométrica e umidade relativa do ar) foi feita pelo coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (p < 0,05). Para o período de entressafra (maio a setembro), os valores médios diários das variáveis meteorológicas foram calculados pelos testes F ou de Kruskal-Wallis (p < 0,05). O número de gerações/ano foi estimado utilizando-se os dados de temperatura mínima de 2009 até 2012, constante térmica e temperatura basal estabelecidos para A. fraterculus. Verificou-se que a mosca-das-frutas sul-americana ocorreu de novembro a abril, com picos populacionais em janeiro ou fevereiro. Apenas na safra 2010/2011 houve correlação entre o número médio de adultos capturados e as temperaturas máxima, média e mínima. Estimou-se que podem ocorrer em torno de oito gerações de A. fraterculus por ano em Caçador, Santa Catarina.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluated the population fluctuation and estimate the number of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) generations per year, based on meteorological variables in Caçador, SC, Brazil. The work was carried out in an organic apple orchard from October/2009 to April/2012. The fruit flies numbers were weekly recorded with four McPhail traps baited with Torula®. The association between the number of adults captured and meteorological variables (maximum, average and minimum temperatures, rainfall and relative humidity) was calculated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (p < 0.05). In off-season crop (May to September), the daily average of the meteorological variables were evaluated calculated by F or Kruskal-Wallis tests (p < 0.05). The number of generations per year was estimated based on minimum temperature from 2009 to 2012, thermal constant and basal temperature, established for A. fraterculus. The South American fruit fly occurred from November to April, with population peaks in January or February. We observed, only in 2010/2011 crop season, correlation between average number of adults captured and maximum, average and minimum temperatures. It was estimated that may occur about eight A. fraterculus generations per year in Caçador, Santa Catarina.

RESUMO Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) foi introduzido Nordeste do Brasil em 1994, para avaliar a possibilidade de uso em um programa de controle biológico de moscas-das-frutas. No entanto, os efeitos desta espécie nos índices de parasitismo e nas populações de parasitoides nativos nas condições do Sul do Brasil, são desconhecidos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto das liberações de D. longicaudata no parasitismo de moscas-das-frutas em nêsperas, pêssegos, araçás e caquis, no município de Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brasil. No primeiro ano de trabalho, frutos foram coletados e armazenados em laboratório para obtenção de pupários. As moscas ou parasitoides que emergiram foram contabilizados e identificados. No segundo ano, foram realizadas liberações de adultos de D. longicaudata provenientes de laboratório, criados em Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.). Os parasitoides foram liberados nos períodos de safras, na densidade de aproximadamente 1.700 parasitoides/ha, e foram realizadas amostragens de frutos da mesma forma que no primeiro ano. No terceiro ano, o procedimento realizado foi o mesmo do primeiro, sem liberações. Um aumento significativo foi registrado nos índices de parasitismo no segundo ano, nas frutíferas amostradas, com exceção do caqui, no qual nenhum parasitoide foi recuperado, em nenhum ano. No segundo ano o número de moscas emergidas também foi menor. No terceiro ano de coletas, nenhuma D. longicaudata foi registrada e os índices de parasitismo foram estatisticamente iguais aos verificados no primeiro ano. Os parasitoides nativos coletados foram: Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes), Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti), Doryctobracon brasiliensis (Szépligeti) e Utetes anastrephae (Viereck), os quais foram constatados em pelo menos uma das espécies de frutífera e mesmo nos anos após a introdução do parasitoide exótico, indicando que este não foi deletério para estas espécies. Conclui-se que D. longicaudata pode auxiliar a reduzir populações de moscas-das-frutas na região de Eldorado do Sul, RS.

ABSTRACT Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was introduced in 1994, in Northeastern Brazil, to evaluate its use in biological control programs of fruit flies. However, the effects of this specie on parasitism rates on the population of native parasitoids and fruit flies in Southern Brazil conditions are unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of releases of D. longicaudata on the parasitism rates on loquats, peach trees, strawberry guava trees, and persimmons in an experimental area in the city of Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, in southern Brazil. In the first year of the study, fruits were collected and stored in the laboratory to obtain pupae. The flies or parasitoids that emerged were counted and identified. In the second year, adults of D. longicaudata were reared in the laboratory on Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.) and larvae were released in the field (1.700 insects/ha) at each harvest time and the parasitism was evaluated in the same manner as in the first year. In the third year, the procedure was the same as the first year, without any releases. A significant increase in the rates of parasitism was recorded in the second year except in the persimmon, in which no parasitoid was recovered in any year. In the second year the number of emerged fruit flies was also lower. In the third year, no D. longicaudata were recorded and parasitism rates of parasitism were statistically similar to those found in the first year. The native parasitoids collected were Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes), Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti), Doryctobracon brasiliensis (Szépligeti) and Utetes anastrephae (Viereck). These species were found in at least one kind of fruit even in the years after the introduction of the exotic parasitoid, indicating that it was not harmful to these species. We conclude that D. longicaudata can help to reduce the population of fruit flies in Eldorado do Sul region, in Rio Grande do Sul.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la preferencia de oviposición de Anastrepha fraterculus (Díptera: Tephritidae) en manzanas verdes. Se evaluaron frutos en el estado ‘J’ (30 días después de la plena floración) de ‘Royal Gala’, ‘Fuji Suprema’, ‘Catarina’ y de la selección M-11/00, colectados en pomar de producción orgánica, en la Estación Experimental de EPAGRI de Calador, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Se colectaron 200 frutos de cada genotipo. Entre 100 frutos, 48 fueron separados y estandarizados por el diámetro transversal y por su peso. En el laboratorio, en un ruedo de libre elección, un fruto de cada genotipo fue ofrecido simultáneamente a una hembra deA. fraterculus y los comportamientos de inspección, perforación y arrastre fueron observados durante 15 minutos. Los frutos perforados fueron almacenados en potes plásticos con arena, para registro de puparios. Para verificar la relación de la preferencia de A. fraterculus con la inspección y perforación, los 100 frutos restantes fueron utilizados para los análisis físicoquímicos: acidez titulable, sólidos solubles totales, firmeza de la pulpa, prueba del almidón y color de fondo de los frutos. La categoría de comportamiento observada con mayor frecuencia fue la inspección (100%). Las hembras deA. fraterculus hicieron más perforaciones en frutos de ‘Royal Gala’ y ‘Catarina’, pero en ningún genotipo fue observado desarrollo larval. No se observó diferencia entre los genotipos para los valores medios de acidez titulable, sólidos solubles totales y color de fondo de la epidermis. Las características fisicoquímicas no influenciaron la preferencia deA. fraterculus por los genotipos.

This study aimed to evaluate the oviposition preferences of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) for unripe apple fruits. Fruits were evaluated in the "J" state (30 days after the full bloom) of the Royal Gala, Fuji Supreme, and Catarina varieties and of the M-11/00 selection, collected in an organic apple orchard at EPAGRI Experimental Station in Calador, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Two hundred fruits of each genotype were collected. From 100 of the fruits, 48 were separated and standardized by diameter and mass. In the laboratory, in a free choice arena, a fruit of each genotype was offered simultaneously to a female ofA. fraterculus and inspection, puncture, and ovipositor dragging behaviors were observed for 15 minutes. Punctured fruits were kept in plastic containers containing sand for pupae registration. To verify the inspection and puncture preferences ofA. fraterculus , the 100 remaining fruits were used for physicochemical analyses, including: titratable acidity, total soluble solids, pulp firmness, starch index, and epidermal background color. The most frequently observed behavioral category was inspection (100%). More punctures by A. fraterculus females were seen in the Royal Gala and Catarina varieties; however, larval development was not observed in any genotype. No differences were observed between genotypes in mean values of titratable acidity, total soluble solids, or epidermal background color. Thus, the physicochemical characteristics observed did not influence preference for apple genotypes inA. fraterculus.

RESUMO A olivicultura é uma atividade recente no Rio Grande do Sul, com poucas informações sobre os insetos associados. A dinâmica populacional de Saissetia oleae (Oliver) e seu parasitismo natural foram avaliados em pomar de Olea europaea L., cultivar Arbequina, mantidos sob manejo convencional, situado em Caçapava do Sul (30°30'43? S, 53°29'27? O)-RS, Brasil. As amostragens foram mensais, de abril de 2012 a março de 2013. Em cada ocasião, em 20 plantas sorteadas, e dos quadrantes da copa (norte, sul, leste e oeste), foram retirados dois ramos aleatórios (20 a 30 cm de comprimento, com no mínimo 20 folhas), um interno e outro externo. A maior abundância de S. oleae foi na primavera e no verão, e a temperatura foi o fator que interferiu nesta dinâmica. Saissetia oleae distribuiu-se de forma uniforme entre os quadrantes e entre os ramos internos e externos da copa. Nas folhas, observou-se maior abundância de ninfas de primeiro e segundo instares, e nos ramos de ninfas de terceiro instar, adultos e adultos com ovos. A taxa de parasitismo foi de 3,40%.

ABSTRACT Oliviculture is a recent activity in Rio Grande do Sul with little information on associated insects. The population dynamics of Saissetia oleae (Oliver) and its parasitism was evaluated in olive orchard, Olea europaea L., cultivar Arbequina, kept under traditional management, situated in Caçapava do Sul (30°30'43? S, 53°29'27? W), RS, Brazil. Samples were monthly collected from April 2012 to March 2013. At each occasion 20 trees were randomly selected and, from each quadrant of their canopies (northern, southern, eastern and western) two branches (20 - 30 cm - length and containingat least 20 leaves) were removed randomly, one inside and one outside the tree. The greater abundance of S. oleae was in the spring and summer and the temperature was the factor that interfered in this dynamic. Saissetia oleae was distributed in a uniform way between quadrant and between the internal and external branches. In the leaves were observed with greater abundance S. oleae of first and second nympal stages, while in the branches third instar nymphs, adults and adults with eggs. The parasitism rate was 3.40%.

RESUMOO estudo objetivou registrar as injúrias de Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae), em dois estádios de desenvolvimento dos frutos das macieiras M-11/00 e ‘Catarina’, submetidos a três condições de infestação a campo, na safra de 2011/2012. O experimento foi conduzido em pomar mantido sob manejo orgânico, na Estação Experimental da Epagri de Caçador-SC. O número médio de moscas foi avaliado semanalmente, com quatro armadilhas do tipo McPhail. Frutos imaturos e maduros da seleção M-11/00 e da cultivar Catarina foram submetidos às condições de infestação artificial, controlada e natural. No início da frutificação, após o raleio, em cada genótipo, 500 frutos foram aleatoriamente ensacados com embalagens de tecido não texturizado (TNT). Os frutos submetidos à infestação artificial foram envoltos, individualmente, por uma gaiola contendo duas fêmeas acasaladas de A. fraterculus, que permaneceram por três dias para oviposição. Na infestação controlada, no mesmo dia da instalação das gaiolas, frutos protegidos tiveram as embalagens retiradas para que ficassem por três dias expostos. Frutos não ensacados foram utilizados para avaliar a infestação natural. Em cada estádio de desenvolvimento, foram registrados os valores dos atributos físico-químicos dos frutos. O número médio de A. fraterculus durante a safra foi de 3,08 moscas/armadilha/ semana. Na seleção M-11/00, em todas as condições de infestação, o número médio de larvas e pupários foi maior em frutos maduros. Na cv. Catarina, estes números não diferiram entre as condições de infestação nem entre os estádios de desenvolvimento. Pupários de A. fraterculus não foram observados em frutos de ‘Catarina’, e nesta cultivar constatou-se maior acidez e menor relação sólidos solúveis/acidez.

ABSTRACTThe study aimed to record damages of Anastrepha fraterculus(Diptera: Tephritidae), on two developmental stages of apple fruits genotypes M-11/00 and ‘Catarina’, submitted to three different infestation conditions in the field, during the 2011/2012 crop season. The experiment was carried out in an organic apple orchard management at Epagri Experimental Station in Caçador, SC, Brazil. The average number of fruit flies was weekly recorded with four McPhail traps. Unripe and ripe fruits of the selection M-11/00 and of the Catarina cultivar, were submitted to artificial, controlled and natural infestation conditions. In the beginning of fruiting, after the thinning, in each genotype, 500 fruits were randomly bagged with nontextured fabric (TNT) packing. Fruits submitted to the artificial infestation were involved, individually, in a cage containing two mated females of A. fraterculus that stay for three days for oviposition. In the controlled infestation, in the same day of placing the cages, protected fruits were unbagged to be exposed for three days. No bagged fruits were used to evaluate the natural infestation. In each developmental stage the values of physico-chemical attributes of fruits were recorded. During the crop season, the average number of A. fraterculus was 3.08 fruit flies/trap/week. The average number of larvae and pupae was greater in M-11/00 ripe fruits, in all of the infestation conditions. These numbers, in the Catarina cv., did not differ neither among infestation conditions, nor in developmental stages. Pupae of A. fraterculus were not observed in ‘Catarina’ fruits, in these cultivar was recorded a highest acidity and lowest relationship of soluble solids/acidity.

As moscas-das-frutas são as principais pragas da fruticultura mundial. Consideradas chaves para a produção de citros, torna-se necessário o seu monitoramento, visando a evitar os danos diretos. O experimento teve como objetivos conhecer a variação populacional de Anastrepha fraterculus e a relação de sua população com danos em pomares orgânicos de Citrus sinensis, cultivar Céu e de C. sinensis x Citrus reticulata tangor 'Murcott'. Os dados foram coletados em 2003 e 2004 durante o período de maturação dos frutos, na região do vale do Caí, RS, Brasil. O número de moscas-das-frutas foi registrado, semanalmente, por meio de armadilhas McPhail, contendo suco de uva, a 25%. Danos aos frutos foram determinados pela razão entre frutos sadios e frutos danificados pela mosca. Registros meteorológicos de temperatura, umidade relativa e precipitação pluviométrica foram obtidos, em estação meteorológica distante 30 km das áreas experimentais. Verificou-se que, em condições ideais de precipitação pluvial, maiores foram as populações de A. fraterculus, espécie predominante na região. A população estimada capaz de causar danos aos frutos variou de acordo com o cultivar, sendo a laranjeira 'Céu' a mais susceptível. Os maiores picos populacionais ocorrem na fase de mudança de coloração dos frutos. Porém, na fase de maturação, as moscas causaram os maiores danos, dada a intolerância dos frutos ao ataque. Conclui-se que a infestação dos frutos de citros por A. fraterculus está relacionada com espécie e cultivar e com fatores climáticos, principalmente com a precipitação pluvial. O monitoramento constante da população de mosca-das-frutas é importante na determinação da infestação na colheita.

Fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) are the main pests of horticulture worldwide. Because they are considered key pests in citrus production, it is necessary to monitor them to avoid the direct damage. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the population variation of Anastrepha fraterculus and the relationship of its population with damage in organic orchards of orange "Céu" cultivar and tangor (C. sinensis x Citrus reticulata) cv "Murcott". Data were collected over the maturation period, from January 2003 to September 2004, in the Caí Valley region, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The number of fruit flies was recorded weekly by McPhail traps containing grape juice at 25%. Damageto the fruits were determined by the ratio between healthy fruits and fruit damaged by the flies. Meteorological records of temperature, relative humidity and rainfall were obtained from meteorological station 30 km away from the experimental areas. It was found that larger populations of A. fraterculus, the predominant species in the region, were found under ideal conditions of rainfall. The estimatedpopulation of fruit flies capable of causing damage to fruits varied according to the cultivar, in which orange cv 'Céu' was the most susceptible. The highest population peaks were found at the color changing phase of fruits. However, at the phase of fruit maturity, flies caused the greatest damage due to the fruits intolerance to the attack. It was concluded that the infestation of citrus fruits by A. fraterculus is related to the species, the cultivar and climatic factors, especially rainfall. Constant monitoring of fruit fly population is important in determining the infestation at harvest.

O percevejo-do-colmo, Tibraca limbativentris Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), é uma importante praga da cultura do arroz no Brasil. O presente trabalho objetivou registrar a ocorrência de parasitoides de ovos de T. limbativentris em lavoura de arroz irrigado, situada no município de Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul. A área (603 m2) foi vistoriada semanalmente, de 21/01/2010 a 03/03/2010, coletando-se posturas do percevejo-do-colmo. Constatou-se somente a ocorrência de Telenomus podisi(Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) como parasitoide de ovos, sendo o índice de parasitismo de 75%. Este é o primeiro registro de T. podisi em ovos do percevejo-do-colmo em lavouras de arroz no Rio Grande do Sul.

The rice stem stink bug, Tibraca limbativentris Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is an important pest of rice in Brazil. This study aimed to register egg parasitoids of T. limbativentris in irrigated rice crop in Eldorado do Sul (state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). The area (603 m2) was inspected weekly from 01/21/2010 to 03/03/2010 and rice stem stink bug eggs were collected. It was observed only the occurrence of Telenomus podisi (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) as egg parasitoid and the parasitism rate was 75%. This is the first record of T. podisi in rice stem stink bug eggs collected in rice fields in the state of Rio Grande do Sul.

La mosca sudamericana, Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae), es una plaga de importancia económica en la producción de frutas en el sur de Brasil. En huertos bajo manejo orgánico la especie se controla tradicionalmente con aceites, extractos vegetales y soluciones como el extracto piroleñoso y sulfuro de cal. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar el posible efecto disuasivo de los plaguicidas que presentan la más alta bioactividad electroantenográficas en moscas de la fruta y evaluar sus efectos sobre la viabilidad de las pupas en frutas tratadas. Las antenas fueron expuestas al extracto piroleñoso (BioPirol 7M®, 0,4%), solución de sulfuro de cal (SulFertilizantes, 1%), Nim (Organic Neem®; 0,5%) y rotenona (Rotenat®, 0,6%), teniendo en cuenta el sexo de la mosca, la edad y el estado reproductivo. La viabilidad de las pupas fue evaluada en larvas criadas en frutas de papaya (Carica papaya var. Calyman) y guayaba (Psidium guajava var. Paluma) tratadas con los plaguicidas que generaron las respuestas electrofisiológicas más fuertes. La bioactividad de las antenas de A. fraterculus fue mayor cuando fueron estimuladas con extracto piroleñoso y la solución de sulfuro de cal, para moscas jóvenes y apareadas. Ninguna de estas sustancias inhibió la oviposición y el desarrollo de las larvas en los frutos tratados, un resultado que tiene implicaciones importantes en el manejo de A. fraterculus en sistemas orgánicos.

The South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae), is an economically important pest of fruit production in Southern Brazil. In organically managed orchards the species has traditionally been controlled with oils, plant extracts, and solutions such as pyroligneous extract and lime sulfur. The objectives of this study were to examine the possible deterrent effect of pesticides with the highest electroantennographic bioactivity on fruit flies and to assess their effects on the viability of pupae in treated fruits. Antennae were exposed to pyroligneous extract (BioPirol7M®, 0.4%), lime sulfur solution (SulFertilizantes, 1%), neem (Organic Neem®, 0.5%), and rotenone (Rotenat®, 0.6%), taking into account fly sex, age and reproductive status. Pupal viability was assessed for larvae reared in papaya (Carica papaya var. Calyman) and guava (Psidium guajava var. Paluma) fruits treated with the pesticides that generated the strongest electrophysiological responses. The bioactivity of A. fraterculus antennae was highest when stimulated with pyroligneous extract and lime sulfur solution, for young and mated flies. Neither substance inhibited oviposition and larval development in treated fruits, a result that has important implications for A. fraterculus management in organic systems.

Primeiros registros de Glyphepomis adroguensis (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) e seu parasitoide, Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae), em arroz irrigado no Rio Grande do Sul. Ovos, ninfas e adultos de Glyphepomis adroguensis Berg, 1891 (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) foram observados pela primeira vez no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, em lavouras de arroz irrigado (Oryza sativa L.) em Charqueadas (29º59'S, 51º31'W) e Eldorado do Sul (30º02'S, 51º23'W). Telenomus podisi Ashmead, 1893 (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae) foi encontrado em ovos de G. adroguensis.

First records of Glyphepomis adroguensis (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) and its parasitoid, Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae), on rice fields in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Eggs, nymphs, and adults of Glyphepomis adroguensis Berg, 1891 (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) were observed for the first time on rice fields (Oryza sativa L.) in Charqueadas (29º59'S, 51º31'W) and Eldorado do Sul (30º02'S, 51º23'W) of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Telenomus podisi Ashmead, 1893 (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae) was found in G. adroguensis eggs.

Os danos causados por A. fraterculus em três estágios de maturação de frutos de quivizeiro foram avaliados em pomar comercial, e, em laboratório, o desenvolvimento larval da espécie foi estudado, nas cultivares MG06 e Bruno. Frutos das duas cultivares foram infestados com A. fraterculus, em pomar comercial localizado em Farroupilha-RS, no início (30% do tamanho final), metade (90% do tamanho final) e final (ponto de colheita) do ciclo de desenvolvimento, e, em laboratório, desde o início da frutificação até a colheita. Na cultivar MG06, três dias após a primeira infestação, observou-se a formação de exsudato cristalino nos locais de punctura que evolui, na colheita, para rachaduras, depressões e primórdios de galerias nos frutos. Na mesma cultivar, registrou-se fibrose nos frutos infestados no fim do ciclo (ponto de colheita). Apesar de terem sidos computados ovos nos frutos, a campo não houve desenvolvimento larval nessa cultivar. Na Bruno, não foram constatados danos e ovos, indicando a imunidade da cultivar. Não houve queda de frutos atribuída a A. fraterculus nas duas cultivares. Verificou-se o desenvolvimento larval, em laboratório, quando os frutos apresentavam, no mínimo, 6,4% e 7,0% de sólidos solúveis totais, respectivamente, para as cultivares MG06 e Bruno.

The damage caused by A. fraterculus in three ripening stages of kiwi were evaluated in commercial orchards and, in laboratory, larval development of this species was studied in cultivars MG06 and Bruno. Fruits of both cultivars were infested with A. fraterculus in orchards at Farroupilha-RS, in the beginning (30% of their final size), middle (30% of their final size) and end (harvest point) of the cicle, and, in laboratory, since the beginning of fruiting until harvest. Three days after the first infestation in cultivar MG06, we observed the formation of a crystalline exudate in puncture sites that evolve at harvest to cracks, depressions and beginnings of galleries. Also, fibrosis were observed in fruits infested at the end of the cicle (harvest point) in the same cultivar. Although the eggs have been counted, at field, there was no larval development on MG06 fruits. Damage and oviposition weren't found at Bruno, indicating the immunity of this cultivar. There was no fruit drop attributed to A. fraterculus in both cultivars. In laboratory, larval development was observed when the fruits had, at least, 6.4 % (MG06) and 7.0 % (Bruno) of total soluble solids.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pesticides, used in the organic system, on Apis mellifera under laboratory conditions. Four multiple (0.25x, 0.5x, 1x and 2x) concentrations as recommended by they manufacturers of the following products: Rotenat CE®, Pironat®, Biopirol 7M®, Organic neem®, Natuneem® and lime sulfur were tested by topical application and ingestion. Of all the products and concentrations tested, only the lime sulfur (5000 ml 100L-1 and 10000 mL 100L-1 of water) by ingestion, and Rotenat CE® (1200ml 100L-1 of water) on topical application were considered slightly harmful for A. mellifera, as the classification of IOBC/WPRS for the laboratory tests.

Frankliniella occidentalis tem sido relatada como uma das principais pragas associadas à cultura do morangueiro. No entanto, os sintomas do ataque do inseto não estão caracterizados e, geralmente, atribui-se ao ataque do inseto a presença de frutos deformados. As injúrias causadas por F. occidentalis foram caracterizadas na cultura do morangueiro infestando-se com adultos botões florais e frutos. Para cada órgão (flores e frutos) e fase de desenvolvimento, foram utilizados 20 insetos, os quais foram mantidos em gaiolas por cinco dias. Também foi avaliado um tratamento em que foram colocados 20 insetos a cada cinco dias, durante todo o ciclo da cultura. Nas flores, foram constatadas injúrias causadas pela alimentação de F. occidentalis nos estames e no receptáculo floral. Em frutos verdes e maduros, foi observado bronzeamento na base dos frutos, sob o cálice, e ao redor dos aquênios. No tratamento no qual os insetos estiveram presentes durante todo o desenvolvimento dos frutos, foram registrados somente 17,6% destes com mais de 40% da superfície com bronzeamento. Não foi encontrada associação entre a infestação por tripes e a deformação de frutos. A alimentação de F. occidentalis na cultura do morangueiro causa injúrias nos estames e no receptáculo floral e bronzeamento na superfície dos frutos verdes e maduros, sem provocar deformações.

Frankliniella occidentalis has been reported as one of the major pests associated with strawberry. However, the symptoms of insect attack are not characterized and their presence are related to deformed fruits. The injury caused by F. occidentalis in strawberries was studied by infesting flowers, unripe and ripe fruits with 20 adult for five days and during all the ripening period inoculating 20 adults each five days. In flowers, it was observed that F. occidentalis feeding caused damage in the stamens and floral receptacle. In the unripe and ripe fruits it was observed russeting on the fruits basis, under the calyx and around the achenes. In the treatment where the insects were maintained during all the ripening period, only 17.6% of the fruits showed more than 40% of the area with russeting. Insect feeding causes russet in unripe and ripe fruits and fruit deformation are not associated with thrips presence of deformation.