ABSTRACT Background: Women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (WLWH) are more likely to be infected with the oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV). We assessed the prevalence of high-risk (HR) (16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/68/73/82), probable high-risk (pHR) (26/53/66), and low-risk (LR) (6/11/40/42/43/44/54/61/70) HPV types and their associated risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study of WLWH aged 18-64 years included one laboratory and eight HIV-specialty healthcare facilities in the pilot network. Descriptive statistics were used to assess sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. Adjusted analyses were conducted to evaluate risk factors associated with HR and/or pHR HPV infection in WLWH. Results: From May/2021 to May/2022, 1,914 (92.5%) WLWH participated in the pilot study and had valid HPV-DNA results of self-collected vaginal samples. The median age of the participants was 45 years, 60.1% had ≥ 9 years of schooling, 80.5% were ≤ 18 years at first sexual intercourse, and 51.7% had > 4 sexual partners throughout life. The prevalence of any HPV type, HR HPV, pHR HPV, and LR HPV was 65.8%, 49.6%, 16.7%, and 40.0%, respectively. Age was inversely associated with pHR and/or HR-HPV (p < 0.001), and education level was inversely associated with HR-HPV (p = 0.003) types. Any HR or pHR was associated with being single (p = 0.029) and exchanging sex for drugs (p = 0.037). Conclusions: The prevalence of HPV, especially HR HPV, among WLWH is high in Brazil, highlighting the need for HPV screening in this population. Self-collection of vaginal samples is an important strategy for increasing testing access.

Para se avaliar a suplementação de torta de girassol em novilhos mantidos a pasto, sobre o balanço de nitrogênio e a síntese de proteína microbiana, foram utilizados quatro animais em piquetes com capim Marandu (B. Brizantha), em quadrado latino 4x4. Os suplementos foram fornecidos na quantidade de 6 g kg-1 de peso vivo dia-1; constituídos de milho, farelo de soja e mineral, sendo o farelo de soja substituído nas proporções de 0, 20, 40, e 60%. A dieta disponível apresentava em média 6,79; 6,96; 7,10 e 6,87% de nitrogênio, para os níveis de substituição de 0, 20, 40 e 60%. A inclusão da torta de girassol (TG) elevou o N ingerido e o N fecal, proporcionando balanço positivo. A concentração plasmática de ureia dos animais suplementados com TG foi 28,13% inferior aos animais suplementados sem TG. A inclusão de TG não alterou a concentração de alantoína, os derivados de purina, o nitrogênio microbiano, proteína bruta microbiana e eficiência microbiana, apresentando valores médios de 150,98 mmol dia-1; 158,06 mmol dia-1; 112,35 g dia-1; 702,18 g dia-1; 146,41 proteína bruta microbiana kg-1 NDT. A substituição parcial do farelo de soja pela torta de girassol melhorou o balanço de nitrogênio, sem alterar a síntese de proteína microbiana e a excreção de ureia e creatinina.

Four steers in individual paddocks with Marandu grass (B. Brizantha) in 4x4 square design were used to evaluate sunflower crushed supplementation in pasture-grazing animals on nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis. Supplements at 6 g kg-1 body weight comprised corn, soybean meal, and mineral and soybean meal substituted at proportions 0, 20, 40 and 60%. Diet contained averages 6.79, 6.96, 7.10 and 6.87% nitrogen respectively for substitution levels 0, 20, 40 and 60%. The inclusion of sunflower crushed (SC) increased nitrogen intake and fecal excretion of nitrogen while providing a positive balance. Animals' plasma urea concentration supplemented with SC was 28.13% lower than that of supplemented animals without SC. SC inclusion did not change allantoin concentration, purine derivatives, microbial nitrogen, crude microbial protein and microbial efficiency microbial, with mean rates totaling 150.98 mmol day-1; 158.06 mmol day-1, 112.35 g day-1, 702.18 g day-1; 146.41 crude protein (CP) microbial kg-1 of TDN. Partial replacement of soybean meal by sunflower crushed improves nitrogen balance without altering microbial protein synthesis and excretion of urea and creatinine.

Para se avaliar as alterações bromatológicas da silagem de girassol com casca de soja, torta de girassol e uréia com 14, 21 e 28 dias de ensilagem, foram confeccionados 36 silos experimentais, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado num esquema fatorial 4 x 3. Os aditivos foram adicionados, na base de matéria natural de 5%; e o controle foi a silagem de 100% da planta de girassol. Os teores de MO, PIDN e MM, apresentaram médias de 911,2; 86,6 e 92,9 g kg-1 de MS. A adição de casca de soja e torta de girassol elevou o teor de MS após 28 e 21 dias. A uréia incrementou as frações nitrogenadas e, a adição de casca de soja proporcionou aumento no teor de carboidratos totais em 5,1% e a adição de torta de girassol, redução de 2,18%. Os teores médios de FDN, FDA e hemicelulose, foram de 625,4; 460,3 e 165,2 g kg-1 de MS. A adição de casca de soja e torta de girassol reduziu a digestibilidade in vitro da MS em, 8,3 e 5,97%. A adição de 5% de torta de girassol e de casca de soja melhora o valor nutricional da silagem de girassol e a adição de uréia o perfil protéico.

Thirty-six experimental silos arranged in a completely randomized 4 x 3 factorial design were provided to evaluate the chemical changes of sunflower silage treated with soybean hulls, sunflower crushed and urea at 14, 21 and 28 days of ensilage. The additives were based on 5% natural matter, whereas control consisted of silage with 100% sunflower plant. OM, NDIP, and MM had average rates 911.2; 86.6 and 92.9 g kg-1 of dry matter respectively. The addition of soybean hulls and sunflower crushed increased DM rates after 28 and 21 days. Urea increased nitrogen fractions and the addition of soybean hulls increased total carbohydrate content of silage by 5.1%, whereas the addition of sunflower crushed decreased the same by 2.18%. NDF, ADF and hemicellulose average rates were 625.4, 460.3 and 165.2 g kg-1 of DM. The addition of soybean hulls and sunflower crushed reduced the in vitro dry matter digestibility by 8.3 and 5.97%. The addition of 5% sunflower crushed and soybean hulls improved the nutritional value of sunflower silage and the addition of urea improved the protein rates.

Objetivou-se avaliar o capim B. brizantha cv. Marandu, sob pastejo, utilizando-se os métodos de coleta: disponibilidade total (DT), pastejo simulado (PS) e extrusa (EXT). O pastejo simulado foi colhido manualmente após observação do comportamento de pastejo dos animais. A DT foi determinada por meio de corte rente ao solo, com uso de um quadrado metálico (0,25 m²) e a EXT foi coletada por esvaziamento ruminal. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Os teores de matéria seca (MS), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), foram de 27,20; 88,52 e 43,70% no tratamento PS e 25,53; 87,70 e 45,50% no tratamento DT. A extrusa apresentou o menor teor de MS (15,88%) e o maior teor de proteína bruta (PB) (15,22%), possivelmente em função da presença de saliva. Os teores verificados na extrusa para FDN, FDA e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca foram de 81,98; 36,90 e 79,10%, demonstrando a seletividade dos animais. Os altos teores de FDA no tratamento DT refletem a composição da forragem que apresentou elevada proporção de material senescente. As amostras obtidas pela disponibilidade total não foram representativas da dieta ingerida pelos bovinos. Os diferentes métodos de amostragem influenciam na composição bromatológica da B. Brizantha cv. Marandu.

To evaluate the grass B. brizantha cv. Marandu, under grazing, we use three sampling methods: total availability (TA), hand plucked (HP) and extrusa (EXT) in a completely randomized design with four replications. The hand plucked method was collected manually after observing the behavior of grazing animals. TA was determined by cutting at ground level, using a metallic square (0.25 m²) and EXT was collected by rumen evacuation. The values for dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), were 27.20, 88.52 and 43.70% in the treatment and HP, and 25.53, 87.70 and 45.50% in TA. The extrusa had the lowest DM content (15.88%) and higher crude protein (CP) (15.22%), possibly due to the presence of saliva. The levels checked for extrusa NDF, ADF and in vitro digestibility of dry matter were 81.98, 36.90 and 79.10%, demonstrating the selectivity of the animals. The high levels of FDA for TA reflect the composition of the forage with the high proportion of senescent material. The samples obtained by the total availability were not representative of the diet consumed by cattle. The different sampling methods influence the chemical composition of B. Brizantha cv. Marandu.

OBJETIVO: Comparar a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) e a composição corporal (CC) de universitários com diferentes estilos de vida. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado em 85 estudantes dos cursos de Medicina (MED) e Educação Física (EF) da Universidade Regional de Blumenau. As variáveis antropométricas, sociodemográficas, clínicas e de estilo de vida foram obtidas por meio de anamnese densitométrica e as variáveis densitométricas por raio-x de dupla energia (DXA). Os testes estatísticos foram: t de Student, qui-quadrado e regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Os acadêmicos de EF apresentaram massa magra maior (79,5 ± 5,9 versus 75,1 ± 5,3; p = 0,03) e gordura corporal menor (16,7 ± 6,1 versus 21,6 ± 5,6; p = 0,02), e as acadêmicas de EF apresentaram massa magra maior (68,2 ± 5,5 versus 65,3 ± 5,5; p = 0,05). A DMO do colo do fêmur (CF), fêmur total (FT) e corpo total (CT) foi maior nos acadêmicos de EF em ambos os sexos. Os estudantes de EF praticavam mais exercícios físicos do que os de MED. A baixa massa óssea (BMO) foi mais frequente nos estudantes de MED (34,9% versus 4,7%; p = 0,001), sendo que o risco de um estudante de MED ter BMO foi 9 vezes maior para a CL, 5 vezes para o CF, 8 vezes para o FT e 7 vezes para o CT. CONCLUSÃO: A CC e a DMO foram diferentes entre os estudantes; os acadêmicos de MED apresentaram um risco maior de ter BMO e os acadêmicos de EF praticavam mais exercícios físicos.

OBJECTIVE: To compare bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition (BC) of college students with different lifestyles. METHODS: Transversal study with 85 students of Medicine (MED) and Physical Education (PE) at the Universidade Regional de Blumenau, SC, Brazil. The anthropometric, socio-demographic, clinical, and lifestyle variables were obtained through densitometric anamnesis and densitometric variables by dual-energy X-ray (DXA). The statistical tests used were: Student's t-test, Chi-square test, and logistic regression. RESULTS: PE male students showed a higher amount of lean body mass (79.5 ± 5.9 vs. 75.1 ± 5.3; p = 0.03) and a lower amount of body fat (16.7 ± 6.1 vs. 21.6 ± 5.6; p = 0.02) and PE female students showed a higher amount of lean body mass (68.2 ± 5.5 vs. 65.3 ± 5.5; p = 0.05). The BMD of the neck of femur (NOF), total femur (TF), and total body (TB) was higher in PE students of both genders. PE students practiced more physical activities than MED students. Low bone mass (LBM) was more frequent in MED students (34.9% vs. 4.7%; p = 0.001), provided that the risk of a MED student to show LBM was nine times higher for lumbar spine (LS), five times for NOF, eight times for TF, and seven times for TB. CONCLUSION: BC and BMD were different among the students; MED students have shown a higher risk of having LBM, and PE students practiced more physical activities.

Para se avaliar o desempenho de novilhas Nelore suplementadas com torta de girassol em substituição ao farelo de soja em 0; 20; 40 e 60% foram utilizados 24 animais, durante a época seca, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os animais foram pesados e monitorados quanto à condição corporal a cada 21 dias. A inclusão de torta de girassol melhorou o ganho de peso diário em 45,8%. A eficiência do uso de concentrados foi de 12,26; 13,42 e 9,87kg/kg para os níveis de substituição de 20, 40 e 60% e o suplemento sem torta de girassol teve eficiência de 7,31kg/kg. A condição corporal dos animais melhorou com o fornecimento dos suplementos, sendo a condição corporal final 3,6; 4,0; 4,0 e 3,7 pontos; para os níveis de substituição de 00, 20, 40 e 60%. Para as características de carcaça não ocorreram diferenças significativas entre os níveis de substituição estudados para peso de abate, peso de carcaça quente, peso de carcaça fria, perdas por resfriamento, rendimento de carcaça, comprimento de carcaça, traseiro, dianteiro, carne aproveitável total, cortes comerciais brasileiros, AOL/100kg, espessura de gordura, fígado. Verificou-se efeito para substituição da torta de girassol somente para acúmulo de gordura perirrenal-pélvica, onde o nível de 60% apresentou o maior valor (3,67kg). A substituição parcial do farelo de soja por torta de girassol melhorou o desempenho de novilhas terminadas a pasto, sem alterar as características de carcaça dos animais.

To evaluate the performance of Nellore heifers supplemented with sunflower cake in partial substitution of soybean meal at 0; 20; 40 and 60% 24 animals were used during the dry season in a randomized design. The animals were weighed and monitored for body condition (BC) every 21 days. The inclusion of sunflower cake improved the average daily gain in 45.8%. The efficiency of the use of concentrated supplements was higher for supplements containing sunflower cake with values of 12.26; 13.42 and 9.87kg/kg for the replacement levels of 20; 40 and 60%. The supplement without sunflower cake had efficiencies of 7.31kg/kg. The BC of animals has improved with the supplementation, of 3.6; 4.0; 4.0 and 3.7 points, for replacement levels of 00; 20; 40 and 60%. For carcass characteristics there was no significant differences between the levels of substitution studied to slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, cooling losses, carcass yield, carcass length, back, front, yield estimated grade, Brazilian commercial cuts, AOL/100kg, fat thickness, liver. There was effect for replacement of sunflower cake just for the accumulation of perirenal pelvic fat, where the replacement level of 60% had the highest value (3.67 kilograms). Partial substitution of soybean meal by sunflower cake improved the performance of heifers finished on pastures without changing the characteristics of the carcass.

Avaliou-se a degradabilidade in situ, dos grãos de linhaça, canola, colza e milho, caroço de algodão, e dos concentrados casca e farelo de soja, em ovinos. Foram utilizados três animais da raça Santa Inês, fistulados e providos de cânulas ruminais, mantidos em baias individuais, recebendo diariamente capim picado e ração concentrada. Os alimentos foram incubados em ordem decrescente de 72, 48, 24, 18, 6, 3 e 0h. O teor de proteína dos alimentos avaliados foram 34,77; 30,07; 23,70; 10,64; 26,12; 14,65 e 56,90% para canola, colza, linhaça, milho, caroço de algodão, casca de soja e farelo de soja, respectivamente. A canola e a colza apresentaram baixa degradabilidade efetiva para a MS, com valor médio de 33,68%. O grão de linhaça apresentou degradabilidade efetiva para a MS de 64,24%, com fração potencialmente degradável de 87,89%. O milho apresentou fração solúvel de 12,33% e uma degradação de 39,67% para a MS. O farelo de soja apresentou-se dentro dos parâmetros normais de degradação com 52,61% para a MS e 52,83% para PB. Para a linhaça, canola e colza a degradabilidade da proteína apresentou valor médio de 18,34%. Os grãos de avaliados apresentaram baixa degradabilidade efetiva para a matéria seca e proteína bruta.

This study evaluated in situ ruminal degradability of grains of linseed, canola, rapeseed and corn, whole cottonseed, as well as soybean hulls and soybean meal, in sheep. Three Santa Inês sheep were fistulated and fitted with rumen cannulas. The animals were housed in individual stalls, receiving chopped grass and concentrated feed daily. Feeds were incubated in descending order of 72, 48, 24, 18, 6, 3 and 0h. Protein content was 34.77% for canola, 30.07% for rapeseed, 23.70% for linseed, 10.64% for corn, 26.12% for cottonseed, 14.65% for soybean hulls, and 56.90% for soybean meal. Canola and rapeseed showed low effective degradability of DM, with mean value of 33.68%. Linseed grain had DM degradability of 64.24%, with 87.89% potential degradable fraction. Corn grain showed soluble fraction of 12.33% and 39.67% degradation for DM. Soybean meal was within normal parameters of degradation, with 52.61% for DM and 52.83% for CP. For linseed, canola and rapeseed, average protein degradability value was 18.34%. The evaluated grains showed low effective degradability for dry matter and crude protein.

We designed a retrospective cohort study to identify factors associated with HIV-1 related lipodystrophy at a tertiary HIV-care center in Vitória, ES, Brazil. Inclusion criteria were documented HIV diagnosis, anti-retroviral therapy and age above 17 years. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was initially the exposure variable, but a second analysis was also performed, as a nested case-control, based on the presence or absence of lipodystrophy. Use of protease inhibitors (PI) was associated with an increase in serum triglycerides (243.7 ± 189 mg/dL vs. 172.7 ± 131 mg/dL, p = 0.015), but not of total cholesterol (TC) or HDL fraction levels. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) were associated with an increase in serum TC (180.6 ± 46.8 mg/dL versus 162.4 ± 41.4 mg/dL; p= 0.018) and an increase in HDL cholesterol (47.3 ± 13.8 mg/dL versus 23.3 ± 24.3 mg/dL; p < 0.001), with no significant effect on triglyceride levels. Lipodystrophy was diagnosed in 59.3% of the patients, but exposure to PI versus NNRTI did not affect the frequency of this disorder (43.4% versus 37.2%; p = 0.68). Serum TC, but not HDL cholesterol or triglyceride levels, was higher among the lipodystrophy cases (183.8 ±47.5 mg/dL versus 162.1 ±35.7; p=0.006). Among the controls (patients without lipodystrophy), HDL cholesterol (45.3 ±14.4 mg/dL vs. 27.1 ±26.3; p=0.001)and triglyceride levels (178.3 ±146.3 mg/dL vs. 126.3 ±126.9; p=0.013) also increased, but not TC. In conclusion, lipodystrophy was highly prevalent in our series. Lipid disorders were also frequent and apparently were related to lipodystrophy, except for triglyceride levels.