This work involved an evaluation of calcium hydroxide powder in the absence and presence of CO2. 0.12g of calcium hydroxide powder was used for each of 16 aliquots diluted in 100 mL of deionized water and distributed in 2 samples of 8 aliquots. The indices of pOH, [OH-] and [Ca++] were obtained by mathematical calculations after determining the pH. The results demonstrated that in the presence of CO2, calcium hydroxide showed a marked loss of [OH-] and [Ca++] in relation to the decrease in pH. However, the high alkaline pH of the calcium hydroxide powder was preserved in the absence of CO2, maintaining its reparative and antimicrobial properties.