Os efeitos de diferentes níveis de déficit hídrico, aplicados durante o desenvolvimento da canola, foram avaliados por meio de um experimento conduzido em vasos de metal no interior de uma casa de vegetação, no Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, da Universidade de Kassel, Alemanha. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com a cultivar Ability (Summer Rape), e três níveis de déficit de água, 0%, 30%, 60% da evapotranspiração da cultura, totalizando três tratamentos com 20 repetições. O manejo da irrigação foi realizado por meio do balanço hídrico diário, em que ET = I - D, onde ET é evapotranspiração, I é irrigação, D é drenagem. Foram realizadas semanalmente as seguintes avaliações: diâmetro do caule (mm), altura da planta (cm), número de folhas, número de ramos e número de síliquas. No final do experimento, foram avaliadas a matéria verde total (g planta-1) e matéria seca total (g planta-1), produtividade de grãos (g planta-1), além do teor de proteína (%) e de óleo (%) dos grãos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, sendo o efeito dos tratamentos estudado por meio de análise de regressão. Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos para as variáveis analisadas, exceto para a altura das plantas e teor de proteína dos grãos, pelo teste F a 5% de probabilidade. O fator de resposta ky, indicador da sensibilidade da cultura ao déficit hídrico, foi menor que um para todos os parâmetros estudados. A produtividade de grãos apresentou a maior sensibilidade ao déficit hídrico.

Effects of different levels of water deficit applied during rapeseed crop development were assessed in a trial with metallic pots in greenhouse at the Department of Agricultural Engineering of Kassel University, Witzenhausen, Germany. A randomized block design was used with one cultivar (Ability Summer Rape) and three levels of water deficit (0, 30, and 60% of evapotranspiration) in three treatments and 20 replicates. Irrigation management was carried out through daily water balance, where ET = I - D; ET: evapotranspiration; I: irrigation; and D: drainage. The following evaluations were carried out weekly: stem diameter (mm); plant height (cm); number of leaves; number of branches and number of pods. At the end of the experiment, assessed total green matter (g plant-1), total dry matter (g plant-1), grain yield (g plant-1), grain protein content (%) and grain oil content (%) were also assessed. Data were submitted to variance analysis and the effect of the treatments was assessed by regression analysis. Results showed significant differences between the treatments in all analysed variables except for plant height and grain protein content, by test F at 5% probability. Factor of response ky, indicator of crop sensitivity to water deficit, was lower than one for all assessed variables. Grain yield showed the highest sensitivity to water deficit.

In the Coastal Cordillera of central Chile a coherently preserved architecture of a late Paleozoic accretionary prism is exposed at 36°-35°S in cióse spatial association with a neighbouring área at 34°-35°S, where it is strongly modified by post-accretional processes. Syn- and post-accretional struetures can be distinguished relatively easily in this región studying the deviations from the original architecture. South of 35°S a transitional contact between two major units is observed, which reflects a continuous change of the mode of accretion in the accretionary wedge before -305 Ma: the structurally overlying metagreywacke of the Eastern Series exhibits struetures typical of frontal accretion, Le., subvertical chevron folds of bedding planes with an axial-plane foliation Sr With increasing finite strain structurally downwards, open F2 folds develop associated with a S2-foliation which becomes gradually flattened as it rotates into a subhorizontal orientation. S2 is the penetrative transposition foliation in the structurally underlying Western Series. It affeets the continent-derived metagreywacke series as well as metabasite intercalations of oceanic origin and was formed during basal accretion. This principal evolution of the accretionary system places firm constraints on the original architecture also in regions where it was destructed after accretion. Accretion ceased at -225 Ma, when a major tectonic change from a convergent to an extensional/strike-slip regime oceurred. Although the development of the margin in central Chile is largely characterized by extensión during Mesozoic and Cenozoic times, two pronounced episodes involving shortening of the forearc particularly affected the Western Series north of 35°S: 1. Expressions of strike-slip activity during Jurassic times involve local steepening of the originally flat S2-foliation planes, local rotation of the stretching lineation L2 into the N-S direction, tight upright folding of the S2 foliation and refolding about steep axes with associated vertical cataclastic left-lateral shear zones. 2. The left-lateral reverse Pichilemu-Vichuquén fault at the boundary between both units is a prominent brittle structure that formed at -100 Ma concomitant with basin closure and acceleration of exhumation rates in the forearc. Similar contractional struetures oceur along the coast further north, where both units partly disappeared by subduction erosión most likely during these deformation episodes. The transition between nearly unaffected accretion systems in the south and disrupted and partly subducted ones in the north oceurs at 35°S.

En la Cordillera de la Costa de Chile, de 36° a 35°S, se encuentra expuesta la arquitectura coherentemente preservada de un prisma de acreción del Paleozoico tardío, en cercana vecindad a un área entre los 34° y 35°S, donde el mismo está fuertemente modificado por procesos postacrecionales. Estudiando las desviaciones de la arquitectura original, en esta región pueden ser perfectamente distinguidas estructuras sin- y post acrecionales. Al sur de los 35° se observa un contacto transicional entre dos unidades mayores, el cual refleja un cambio continuo en el modo de acreción de la cuña acrecional antes de -305 Ma: las metagrauvacas estructuralmente suprayacentes de las series orientales muestran estructuras típicas de una acreción frontal, pliegues chevron subverticales de planos de estratificación con una foliación de plano axial S . Con el aumento de la deformación finita hacia su base, se desarrollan pliegues abiertos F2 asociados con una foliación S , la cual se va tornando cada vez más achatada y subhorizontal. En las series occidentales estructuralmente subyacentes, S2 es la foliación de transposición penetrativa que afecta a las metagrauvacas derivadas de un continente e intercalaciones de metabasitas de origen oceánico. Las estructuras fueron formadas durante acreción basal. Esta evolución principal del sistema acrecionario pone firmes restricciones sobre la arquitectura original, también en regiones donde éste fue destruido luego de la acreción. La acreción finalizó cerca de los 225 Ma, cuando ocurrió un cambio mayor en las condiciones geodinámicas hacia un régimen ex-tensional. Aunque el desarrollo del margen en el centro de Chile está ampliamente caracterizado por extensión durante el Mesozoico y Cenozoico, dos episodios pronunciados que involucran acortamiento del antearco afectaron las series orientales al norte de 35°S: 1. Las expresiones de actividad de deslizamiento de rumbo durante el Jurásico son planos empinados de foliación penetrativa S2, rotación local de la lineación de estiramiento L2 a una dirección norte-sur, ple-gamiento apretado vertical de la foliación principal y replegamiento alrededor de ejes empinados, con zonas de cizalla verticales, semifrágiles y sinistrales asociadas. 2. La falla inversa Pichilemu-Vichuquén, levemente sinistral, en el límite entre ambas unidades, es una prominente estructura frágil formada hace cerca de 100 Ma, concomitante con el cierre de cuencas y aceleración de la exhumación en el antearco. Estructuras compresivas similares ocurren a lo largo de la costa hacia el norte, donde ambas unidades desaparecieron parcialmente por subducción, probablemente durante estos eventos de deformación. La transición entre sistemas acrecionales casi sin afectar y sistemas afectados, parcialmente subductados al norte, ocurre a los 35°S.