Background: Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (Ph-MPN) are chronic hematological disorders characterized by the overproduction of one or more mature myeloid blood cell lineages. Classical Ph-MPN are polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytopenia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Aim: To assess the epidemiological, clinical and diagnostic characteristics of Ph-MPN in Chile. Material and Methods: Retrospective review of medical records of all patients referred as MPN from 2012 to 2017. Patients with (9;21) translocation were excluded. Results: Data of 462 cases with a median age of 69 years from 10 public hospitals was reviewed. ET was the most frequently Ph-MNP found. The incidence of Ph-MPN was 1.5 x 100.000 cases. The JAK2 V617F mutation study was performed in 96% of patients and only 30% had a bone marrow biopsy. Thrombotic events were observed in 29% of patients. Bleeding events were observed in 7%. Five-year overall survival was 87%. Conclusions: ET is the most frequent Ph-MPN. The mean incidence was lower than reported in the literature, in part because of a sub diagnosis.

Abstract: Before her exile in Mexico (1974), for three whole decades, Ida Vitale (Montevideo, 1923) published a small set of poems. Some in magazines or anthologies. The pressure of everyday life (crises of all kinds, the weight of the Cuban Revolution, etc.) fell, at times, on its modality of writing. However, her poems resisted triumphant colloquialism and the identification of facts with words. Vitale dropped several of those pieces, many took them up with a lot of corrections. This work investigates certain cases. Some of them not compiled in any volume yet, even now that, as a result of her multiple awards, there are more extensive editions of her poetic work in verse and prose. About this problems, combining a philological, historical and cultural reading, this article seeks to contribute with new pieces and reading possibilities.

Resumen: Antes de su exilio en México en 1974, durante tres exactas décadas Ida Vitale (Montevideo, 1923) publicó un breve conjunto de poemas. Algunos en revistas o antologías. La presión de lo cotidiano (crisis de toda clase, el peso de la Revolución cubana, etc.) gravitó, a veces, sobre su modalidad de escritura. Sin embargo, sus poemas resistieron al coloquialismo triunfante y la identificación de los hechos con las palabras. Vitale dejó caer varias de esas piezas, muchas las retomó con firmes correcciones. Este trabajo se propone indagar ciertos casos, algunos no compilados en volumen, incluso ahora que, a consecuencia de sus múltiples premios, se cuenta con ediciones más amplias de su obra poética en verso y en prosa. Sobre estas últimas, combinando una lectura filológica, histórica y cultural, se busca contribuir con nuevas piezas y posibilidades de lectura.

Resumo Entre 1863 e 1872, quando tinha uma grande preocupação com a poesia, Machado de Assis tentou aproximar-se dos poetas da América Hispânica, na atividade crítica jornalística. De alguns poetas chegou a receber os livros, mas os que estavam próximos, os diplomatas que viviam no Rio de Janeiro, foram os que receberam mais atenção do crítico. Vivia-se o tempo do Romantismo e apenas um poema foi traduzido pelo jovem Machado. Este artigo se ocupa deste assunto, a partir do conceito de "assincronia complementar", derivado do "anacronismo deliberado", de Borges, e procura examinar o peso que a polêmica entre língua literária americana e língua literária espanhola teve nas ideias estéticas do próprio Machado.

Abstract Between 1863 and 1872, Machado was greatly preoccupied with poetry, and tried to establish relationships with poets from Hispanic America through his work as a critic in the press. He received books directly from some authors, but the poets who were closer, diplomats in Rio de Janeiro, received most of his attention. Romanticism in full-swing, the young Machado translated a few of these poems. This article addresses this subject through the concept of "complementary asynchrony", derived from Borges's idea of "deliberate anachronism," and seeks to examine how the controversy between American and Spanish literary languages came to bear upon Machado's own aesthetic ideas.

Background The treatment of choice of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) is an induction with proteasome inhibitors followed autologous stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Since 2013, the treatment of these patients in the public system is based on CTD (cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone). Aim To evaluate the response rates achieved with CTD, and the results of HSCT in patients with NDMM in the public setting. Material and Methods Data from patients considered as candidates for HSCT from different centers of the National Adult Antineoplastic Drug Program (PANDA, for its acronym in Spanish), diagnosed between 2013 and 2017, was analyzed. The response to treatment of first and second lines of treatment was evaluated, in addition to the results of HSCT. An optimal Response was defined as the sum of strict complete remission, complete remission and very good partial response (sCR, CR and VGPR). Results One hundred and seventy-seven patients were analyzed, 54% women, and 53% with IgG multiple myeloma. Information about the international staging system was retrieved in 127 patients (71%). Seventeen percent were ISS I, 22% in ISS II and 32% ISS III. CTD was used as first treatment in 106 patients (60%), and cyclophosphamide, bortezomib and dexamethasone (CyBorD) in 13 (7%). As first line, CTD had an overall response of 50.9%, and CyBorD of 76.9%. Thirty patients were treated with bortezomib as second line treatment. Forty patients (22%) underwent HSCT. The 5-year Overall Survival (OS) in transplanted patients and non-transplanted patients was 100 and 62% respectively (p < 0.01). Conclusions The response rate achieved by CTD in these patients is suboptimal. The response to CyBorD was better.

Resumo No final dos anos 1990, a pesquisa de Jean-Jacques Lefrère sobre Isidore Ducasse, sua família, seus supostos amigos e seu tempo permitiram uma renovada aproximação de algumas figuras que, até então - apesar dos esforços dos irmãos Guillot Muñoz e de Pichon-Riviére -, eram silhuetas escuras, contornos imprecisos. Este trabalho anotará algumas hipóteses sobre como poderiam ter sido os últimos dias de François Ducasse, o idoso diplomata aposentado que sobreviveu a seu filho quase 20 anos, e como poderia ter sido o pequeno círculo no qual ele se movimentava. Para a elaboração deste trabalho foi fundamental uma documentação ainda inexplorada - tanto quanto sabemos -, que parcialmente se anexa ao fim do artigo. Após esses passos perdidos na sua longa residência final no Hotel des Pyramides, de Montevidéu, onde morreu em 18 de novembro de 1889, ainda fica o espectro de Lautréamont.

Abstract At the end of the nineties, Jean-Jacques Lefrère's research on Isidore Ducasse, his family, his alleged friends and his time allowed him to get close to some figures with imprecise contours. This investigation reinforced the works of Gervasio and Álvaro Guillot Muñoz and of the Pichon-Riviére, mainly. Now, this text will propose some hypotheses about the last days of François Ducasse, the retired old diplomat who survived his son Isidore almost twenty years, and how could it be the litle medium in wich he moved. For the preparation of the work it has been fundamental a documentation still unexplored -as far as we know-, partially annexeted to the end of the article. The spectrum of Lautréamont can be stay after the lost steps of François Ducasse in his long final residence in the Hotel des Pyramides, in Montevideo, where he died on November 18, 1889.

Resumen A fines de la década del noventa, la investigación de Jean-Jacques Lefrère sobre Isidore Ducasse, su familia, sus presuntos amigos y su tiempo permitió acercarse a algunas figuras que, hasta entonces -y a pesar del esfuerzo pionero de los Guillot Muñoz y de Pichon-Riviére-, eran oscuras siluetas o contornos imprecisos. Este trabajo propondrá algunas hipótesis sobre cómo pudieron ser los últimos días del anciano y retirado diplomático François Ducasse, quien sobrevivió a su hijo casi veinte años, y cómo pudo ser el reducido ambiente en que se movía. Para eso ha sido fundamental una documentación aún inexplorada -hasta donde sabemos-, que se anexa parcialmente al final del artículo. Tras sus pasos perdidos en su larga residencia final en el Hotel des Pyramides, donde murió el 18 de noviembre de 1889, se atisba el espectro de Lautréamont.

Resumo: A existência mesma dos impressos depende da vida e da obra dos livreiros, impressores e editores. Nas primeiras três décadas do século XX, em Montevidéu, graças á combinação de vários fatores, alguns destes agentes fizeram sua contribuição para afirmar uma cultura letrada débil e bamboleante. Dentre eles, figura fundamental foi o italiano Orsini Bertani (1869-1939), quem de notório anarquista no seu país de origem, na França, Inglaterra e Argentina tornou-se sossegado, fraterno e decisivo empresário cultural na capital uruguaia. Perguntar-se sobre seus dias e tarefas ajuda á sua comprensão e a comprender a cultura da sua época.

Abstract: The existence of the printed matter depends on the life and work of booksellers, printers and editors. In the first decades of the 20th century, in Montevideo, thanks to a combination of several factors, some of those agents contributed to assert a literacy culture weak and wobbly. Among them, crucial figure was the italian Orsini Bertani (1869-1939) that active anarchist in their country of origin, in France, England and Argentina became a calm, fraternal and decisive cultural entrepreneur in the Uruguayan capital. Wonder about his days and chores helps to understand him and understand the culture of his time.

Resumen: La existencia de los impresos depende de la vida y la obra de libreros, impresores y editores. En las primeras tres décadas del siglo XX, en Montevideo, gracias a una combinación de varios factores, algunos de esos agentes contribuyeron a afirmar una cultura letrada débil y tambaleante. Entre ellos, figura crucial fue el italiano Orsini Bertani (1869-1939), que de activo anarquista en su país de origen, en Francia, Inglaterra y Argentina se volvió sosegado, fraterno y decisivo empresario cultural en la capital uruguaya. Interrogarse sobre sus días y quehaceres ayuda a comprenderlo y comprender la cultura de su época.

Abstract: After having served as the main conduct for the transmission of thought and the circulation of literary texts during all the modern age, magazines are being threatened by the Internet empire. This article checks some moments in which text production, authors, cultural assets and readers are built up from journalism and the cultural (mostly literary) magazine, out of several Latin American examples, so as to make some propositions concerning the possibilities of the present.

Resumen: Después de servir como conducto principal para la trasmisión del pensamiento y para la circulación de los textos literarios durante toda la edad moderna, las revistas están amenazadas por el imperio de Internet. Este artículo revisa algunos momentos en que la producción textual, los autores, los bienes culturales y los lectores se traman desde el periodismo y la revista cultural (sobre todo literaria), a partir de varios ejemplos latinoamericanos, para concluir en algunas propuestas sobre las actuales posibilidades.

Abstract The paper examines and compares the presence of nostalgic references between militants of government-supporting organizations in Brazil and Argentina since the inauguration of Lula and Kirchner. As part of a wider research on grassroots activism within governments' political bases in both countries, the phenomenon of nostalgia observed in this study is interpreted as one of the two faces of the impact that political scenes of intense fluctuation in identities and volatility in electoral behavior have had over active militant groups: on one hand, an adaptation to those conditions of political life – through the transformation of the militant bonds and of the organizational formats of activism – and, on the other, a parallel phenomenon, which this paper specifically addresses of nostalgic appeals, referred to a past of rooted political identities and parties (or the interviewees' own party) with an intense everyday life and a strong bond with voters. The paper adopts a qualitative methodological perspective, taking into consideration the actors' own interpretations and conceptions and analyzing semi-structured interviews conducted in four districts: the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil, and the city of Buenos Aires and some of its suburban areas, with special focus in La Matanza, in Argentina (56 with government-supporting militants since 2013, and other of 74 interviews conducted for a previous research between 2005 and 2010 in the same locations). Through the association or clustering of different categories created during coding, we have identified two dimensions of nostalgia: first, references to a typical “past militant”; and, second, references to the context or exterior conditions in which political militants campaigned or acted. Findings from that qualitative analysis show an effective weight of those nostalgic references. It should be noted, however, that their presence is not homogeneous in both cases, or between the different organizations – it predominates among PT activists in Brazil and within the Peronist Party's (PJ) territorial networks in Argentina, but it fades when it comes to the new organizations that proliferated from outside the PJ in the past decade – or even between different generations of activists. Moreover, although the two dimensions of nostalgia mentioned before are frequent in the Brazilian actors' accounts, it is only the second dimension that prevails among the Argentine interviewees. The paper seeks to contribute to the academic debate on activism and political commitment today. Also, even in agreement with literature that suggests the weakening of structural and psychological links between parties and citizens, we argue the relevance of studying political militancy, which paradoxically has survived in those contexts of fluctuation.

Resumen El artículo examina de modo comparativo la presencia de referencias nostálgicas entre militantes de organizaciones y espacios políticos que forman parte de las bases de sustentación de los gobiernos argentinos y brasileros desde 2003. Como parte de una investigación más amplia sobre la militancia oficialista, el fenómeno de nostalgia abordado en este trabajo es interpretado como una de las dos caras del impacto que escenarios político-electorales de intensa fluctuación en las identidades políticas y de volatilidad en el comportamiento electoral han tenido sobre las prácticas y concepciones de la militancia activa: por un lado, una adaptación a esas condiciones de la vida política – a través de la transformación del vínculo militante y de los formatos que asume esa militancia oficialista – y, por otro, un fenómeno paralelo – al que se dedica específicamente este artículo – de apelaciones nostálgicas referidas a un pasado de identidades políticas arraigadas y de partidos (o del propio partido) con una intensa vida orgánica y un fuerte lazo con el electorado. El trabajo adopta una perspectiva metodológica cualitativa, recuperando las interpretaciones de los propios actores a través del análisis de las entrevistas semi-estructuradas realizadas en cuatro distritos: las ciudades de San Pablo y Río de Janeiro, en Brasil; y la ciudad de Buenos Aires y algunos distritos del conurbano bonaerense – con especial foco en La Matanza – en Argentina (56 entrevistas desde 2013, y la consulta selectiva de otras 74 realizadas entre 2005 y 2010 para una investigación previa). A partir del agrupamiento de distintas categorías creadas en el proceso de codificación de las entrevistas se han identificado dos dimensiones de esa nostalgia: las apelaciones al perfil del militante del pasado, por un lado, y la referencia al contexto o condiciones en las que se militaba, por otro. El análisis cualitativo permite confirmar el peso de las referencias nostálgicas en los testimonios. Cabe destacar, de todos modos, que la presencia de esa nostalgia no es homogénea en ambos casos nacionales, ni entre distintas organizaciones (predominando entre los militantes del PT en Brasil y al interior de las redes del PJ argentino y, diluyéndose, en cambio, en las nuevas organizaciones nacidas por fuera del PJ durante el período kirchnerista), ni tampoco entre distintas generaciones de militantes. Asimismo, aunque las dos dimensiones de nostalgia mencionadas aparecen con fuerza en los testimonios brasileros, es la segunda dimensión la que predomina entre los argentinos. El artículo procura contribuir al debate sobre la militancia y el vínculo político en la actualidad. Asimismo, postula – aun inscribiéndose en la literatura que plantea el debilitamiento de los vínculos estructurales y psicológicos entre los partidos y los ciudadanos – la pertinencia de estudiar la militancia política activa, la cual paradójicamente ha persistido en esos contextos de fluctuación.

Resumo As diferentes formas de consagração tem sérias dificuldades com textos de autores anônimos ou sem trajetória, textos que provém da oralidade e tentam alcançar certo tipo de público por precárias vias editoriais. Este artigo indaga diferentes variantes do problema. Em primeiro lugar, o do payador, isto é o intérprete que por volta de 1885, em sua fase de consagração na Argentina e no Uruguai, procurou fugir da oralidade para alcançar o status do poeta, o mesmo que lhe era negado pelos praticantes desse discurso desde a escrita. No segundo lugar, é possível achar dois tipos de praticantes da modesta folha ou o jornalismo ocasional que tento chegar a um público escassamente letrado de poucas letras com a finalidade de politizá-lo. Nessa fronteira se pesquisam alguns problemas que atingem o sempre esquivo conceito do “popular” (que, pelo mesmo, se coloca neste artigo sempre entre aspas), entre a oralidade e a escrita.

Abstract When discussing different ways of achieving literary success, anomymous texts and obscure authors who come from orality and try to reach their audiences through precarious publishing houses face serious difficulties. Firstly, we have payadores, who around 1885, as they were entering their heyday in Argentina and Uruguay, tried to get out of orality and reach the status of poet denied to them from those who were established as practitioners of the poetic discourse in written form. Secondly, we have two different kinds of practitioners of the humble flier or occasional journalism. These media tried to reach a scarcely literatized audience in order to gain political influence over it. Moving on this porous border explore some topics between orality and literacy are explored, topics crossed by the elusive concept of the “popular” (always enclosed in quotation marks here for that reason).

Resumen Las diferentes formas de consagración se enfrentan con serias dificultades ante textos de autores anónimos o sin trayectoria alguna, que vienen de la oralidad y pretenden llegar a cierto tipo de público por vías editoriales precarias. Este artículo indaga dos modulaciones de este problema. En primer lugar, el del payador, que hacia 1885, en su fase consagratoria en Argentina y Uruguay, buscó salir de la oralidad y alcanzar el estatus de poeta que le negaron quienes practicaban este discurso desde la escritura. En segundo término, se observan dos tipos de cultores de la modesta hoja volante o el periodismo de ocasión que quiso llegar a un público de pocas letras para politizarlo. En esa frontera porosa se exploran algunos problemas que atraviesan el siempre esquivo concepto de lo “popular” (que, por lo mismo, se cita siempre entre comillas), entre la oralidad y la escritura.

Introduction. In developed countries, public campaigns promoting recommendations on safe infant sleep increased adherence to the supine sleeping position to more than 70% and, at the same time, reduced the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome by 53%. Objective. To determine the impact, at 60 days of life, of an educational intervention conducted in maternity centers aimed at improving adherence to the recommendations on safe infant sleep. Population, material and methods. Intervention study with historical control conducted between February 1st and September 30th of 2014 at the Maternity Center of Hospital Meisner and Hospital Universitario Austral. The intervention was called "crib card" and consisted in training health care team members and providing families with information on safe infant sleep by means of lessons, written material and using stickers on cribs. Results. Five hundred and fifty newborn infants were included. After the intervention, a 35% increase in the supine sleeping position (p < 0.0001) was observed; exclusive breastfeeding increased by 11% (p= 0.01); and co-sleeping decreased from 31% to 18% (p < 0.0005). No differences were observed in relation to bedroom sharing, living with tobacco users, or pacifier use at 60 days of life. Conclusions. The educational intervention was useful to improve adherence to the recommendations on safe sleep at 60 days of life: using the supine position and breastfeeding improved, and the rate of co-sleeping decreased. No changes were observed in the number of household members who smoke, bedroom sharing, and pacifier use.

Introducción. Las campanas públicas en países desarrollados con recomendaciones para el sueño seguro del lactante lograron aumentar la adherencia a la posición supina para dormir a más del 70% y generaron, simultáneamente, una reducción del 53% en la incidencia del síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante. Objetivo. Valorar el impacto a los 60 días de vida de una intervención educativa realizada en las maternidades para mejorar la adherencia a las recomendaciones sobre sueño seguro del lactante. Población, material y métodos. Estudio de intervención con control histórico entre el 1/2 y el 30/9 de 2014, realizado en la Maternidad Meisner y el Hospital Universitario Austral. Dicha intervención se denominó "tapeta cuna" y consistió en capacitar al equipo de salud y brindar información a las familias sobre sueño seguro a través de clases, adhesivos en las cunas y material escrito. Resultados. Fueron incluidos 550recién nacidos. Se observó un incremento del 35% en la posición supina al dormir tras la intervención (p < 0,0001); la lactancia materna exclusiva se incrementó un 11% (p= 0,01); se redujo el colecho de un 31% a un 18% (p < 0,0005). No se encontraron diferencias en la cohabitación, entre convivientes fumadores ni en la utilización del chupete a los 60 días. Conclusiones. La intervención educativa resultó útil para mejorar la adherencia a las recomendaciones sobre sueño seguro a los 60 días de vida: se evidenció una mejora en la posición supina, la lactancia materna y la reducción del colecho. No existieron cambios en la proporción de convivientes fumadores, la cohabitación y el uso del chupete.

Introduction: Recommendations for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) are available, although it is uncertain the degree of adherence to these measures. The aim of the study is to assess the adherence to recommendations to reduce the risk of SIDS, seeking factors associated to the noncompliance with these recommendations. Patients and Method: 468 infants were enrolled in two maternity hospitals, one public and one private. Postpartum and 4-month assessments were performed. A questionnaire was used adapting a model validated by the International Child Care Practices Study. Results: Adherence to obstetric recommendations was higher (75.4%) than to pediatric recommendations (53.3%). Regarding pediatric recommendations, a compliance decrease was detected after 4 months. Follow-ups showed decrease in breastfeeding (p < 0.001 84.9% vs 48.6%) and supine position (61.2% vs 21.2%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The decreased adherence to recommendations for SIDS prevention was mainly observed in younger and less educated women, who were not in a relationship and living in poor housing quality and crowded environments.

Introducción: Existen recomendaciones preventivas en el Sindrome de Muerte Súbita del lactante (SMSL), aunque es incierto el grado de adherencia a dichas medidas. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la adherencia a las recomendaciones para disminuir el riesgo de SMSL, buscando factores asociados al no cumplimiento de dichas recomendaciones. Pacientes y Método: Se incluyeron 468 recién nacidos de dos maternidades, pública y privada. Se efectuó una evaluación posparto y a los 4 meses de la adherencia a las recomendaciones. Se utilizó un cuestionario adaptando un modelo de encuesta validado por el International Child Care Practices Study Resultados: La adherencia a las recomendaciones obstétricas fue mayor (75,4%) que a las recomendaciones pediátricas (53,3%). A su vez en las recomendaciones pediátricas se evidenció una caída del cumplimiento de las recomendaciones a los 4 meses. Al seguimiento se observó reducción de lactancia (84,9% vs 48,6%; p < 0,001) y de posición supina (61,2% vs 21,2%; p < 0,001). Conclusiones: La disminución de la adherencia a las recomendaciones para la prevención del SMSL se observó principalmente en las mujeres de menor edad y menor nivel educativo, no estar en pareja, mala calidad habitacional y presencia de numerosos convivientes.

Um homem jovem, de uma família da classe média, converte-se em intelectual. Esse homem ocupa um espaço central na cultura literária do seu país (Uruguai) e, aos poucos, na América Latina. Mas, ele carrega consigo um drama pessoal, uma marca de origem, que sempre procura encobrir e que, no entanto, sua própria escrita acaba por desvendar. Este artigo explora a(s) história(s) e os caminhos de Emir Rodríguez Monegal (1921-1985), um dos principais especialistas em literatura latino-americana no século XX. Em especial, Monegal foi um leitor privilegiado, desde os anos 1940, da obra de Jorge Luis Borges, cuja escrita foi fundamental, também, para que o crítico pudesse compreender-se a si mesmo.

A young man from a middle-class family, becomes an intellectual. This man occupies a central place in the literary culture of his country (Uruguay) and, gradually, in Latin America. But he carries with him a personal drama, a mark of origin, who always tries to hide and that, however, his own writing reveals. This article explores the history (or the stories) and paths of Emir Rodríguez Monegal (1921-1985), a leading expert on Latin American literature in the twentieth century. In particular, Monegal was a privileged reader, since the 40's, of Jorge Luis Borges works, whose writing was crucial to the self-understanding of Monegal's own personality.