Resumo O artigo analisa o grau de implantação das Boas Práticas de Atenção ao Parto e Nascimento conforme preconizado pela Rede Cegonha (RC) a partir da configuração de uma matriz de julgamento para o Brasil e grandes regiões. Foram elegíveis para a avaliação todos os 606 hospitais públicos e mistos das regiões de saúde que dispunham de plano de ação da RC em 2015. Foram utilizados três diferentes métodos de coleta de dados: entrevista pessoal com gestores, profissionais de saúde e puérperas; análise documental; e observação in loco. A matriz foi composta com as cinco diretrizes da RC. Para julgamento da adequação da implantação, foi utilizado como parâmetro: adequado; parcialmente adequado e não adequado. Todas as diretrizes foram avaliadas como parcialmente adequada, exceto a ambiência que foi não adequado. A atenção ao parto e nascimento encontra-se em estágios diferenciados de implantação com variações entre as grandes regiões. As regiões Sul e Sudeste, apresentaram situação privilegiada quanto ao grau de implantação da maioria dos itens analisados. Os resultados evidenciam que a avaliação das ações da RC deve fazer parte do alicerce de informações empregadas no direcionamento de políticas e regulamentação na atenção hospitalar ao parto e nascimento.

Abstract Using a judgment framework, this article analyzes the degree of implementation of the best practices in labor and childbirth care contained in the guidelines of the Rede Cegonha (RC) across Brazil. The study eligibility criteria were public and mixed hospitals located in a health region with a RC action plan in place in 2015, resulting in a total of 606 facilities distributed across the country. Three different data collection methods were used: face-to-face interviews with managers, health professionals and puerperal women; document analysis; and on-site observation. The framework was built around the five guidelines of the Labor and Childbirth component of the RC. Degree of implantation was rated as follows: adequate; partially adequate and inadequate. The performance of maternity facilities was rated as partially adequate for all guidelines except for hospital environment, which was rated as inadequate. A huge variation in degree of implementation was observed across regions, with the South and Southeast being the best-performing regions in most items. The results reinforce the need for an ongoing evaluation of the actions developed by the RC to inform policy-making and the regulation of labor and childbirth care.

Resumo O artigo analisa o grau de implantação das Boas Práticas de Atenção ao Parto e Nascimento conforme preconizado pela Rede Cegonha (RC) a partir da configuração de uma matriz de julgamento para o Brasil e grandes regiões. Foram elegíveis para a avaliação todos os 606 hospitais públicos e mistos das regiões de saúde que dispunham de plano de ação da RC em 2015. Foram utilizados três diferentes métodos de coleta de dados: entrevista pessoal com gestores, profissionais de saúde e puérperas; análise documental; e observação in loco. A matriz foi composta com as cinco diretrizes da RC. Para julgamento da adequação da implantação, foi utilizado como parâmetro: adequado; parcialmente adequado e não adequado. Todas as diretrizes foram avaliadas como parcialmente adequada, exceto a ambiência que foi não adequado. A atenção ao parto e nascimento encontra-se em estágios diferenciados de implantação com variações entre as grandes regiões. As regiões Sul e Sudeste, apresentaram situação privilegiada quanto ao grau de implantação da maioria dos itens analisados. Os resultados evidenciam que a avaliação das ações da RC deve fazer parte do alicerce de informações empregadas no direcionamento de políticas e regulamentação na atenção hospitalar ao parto e nascimento.

Abstract Using a judgment framework, this article analyzes the degree of implementation of the best practices in labor and childbirth care contained in the guidelines of the Rede Cegonha (RC) across Brazil. The study eligibility criteria were public and mixed hospitals located in a health region with a RC action plan in place in 2015, resulting in a total of 606 facilities distributed across the country. Three different data collection methods were used: face-to-face interviews with managers, health professionals and puerperal women; document analysis; and on-site observation. The framework was built around the five guidelines of the Labor and Childbirth component of the RC. Degree of implantation was rated as follows: adequate; partially adequate and inadequate. The performance of maternity facilities was rated as partially adequate for all guidelines except for hospital environment, which was rated as inadequate. A huge variation in degree of implementation was observed across regions, with the South and Southeast being the best-performing regions in most items. The results reinforce the need for an ongoing evaluation of the actions developed by the RC to inform policy-making and the regulation of labor and childbirth care.

Abstract The present work aims to study the nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete structures via Refined Plastic Hinge Method (RPHM). Pseudo-springs are used at the finite element ends, where the gradual loss of stiffness is determined by the combination of the normal force and bending moment (NM) in the cross section. The limiting of the uncracked, elastic and plastic regimes is done in the NM diagram. The concrete cracking is explicitly simulated with two approaches to calculate the effective moment of inertia of the cross section. The displacement-based formulation is referenced to the co-rotational system and coupled with continuation strategies to allow to overcome the possible critical points in the equilibrium paths. For validation of the numerical simulations, the results found with the proposed formulation are confronted with experimental and numerical data present in literature.

ABSTRACTSalmonellosis is an infection caused by specific or non specific serotypes of theSalmonella genus, responsible for losses in the poultry industry. Fowl typhoid, caused by S. Gallinarum (SG) is important because it causes elevated mortality in adult birds, leading to economic losses in the poultry industry. This study aimed at quantifying the number of viable SG cells in the liver, spleen, lung, cecum, and reproductive tract (ovary and testicles) of experimentally inoculated Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix), as well as SG shedding in their feces. One hundred and two Japanese quails, with four months of age at the beginning of the experiment, were used. The birds were inoculated with three bacterial cultures containing different concentrations (6x104CFU/0.1mL, 2x105 CFU/0.4mL, or 5x106CFU/0.2mL) of SG resistant to nalidixic acid. On days 1, 4, 7, and 14 after the inoculation (dpi) individual cloacal swabs were collected from six birds per group, which were subsequently sacrificed for organ sampling. The swab samples were streaked directly on plates containing brilliant green agar and nalidixic acid (VBNal). Samples that were negative after 24h, were streaked again. The collected organs were individually macerated and transferred to buffered peptone water at 0.1%. The solutions were immediately diluted serially for CFU counting in VBNal. SG was successfully recovered from one quail, which was inoculated with 2x105 CFU/0.4mL, and from five quails of the group inoculated with 5x106CFU/0.2mL inoculum. All of the analyzed cloacal swab samples were negative. Therefore, this study demonstrated it was difficult to isolate SG from the analyzed organs and that it was not possible to recover thepathogen in the cloacal swabs collected from inoculated quails. These results may be explained by the absence of flagella in SG, inducing weak intestinal immune response in the beginning of the infection and preventing its isolation in cloacal swab samples. The low positivity rate of the analyzed organs may be due to the immune status of the euthanized birds, since the SG dissemination in the animal organism occurs mostly close to death, which was observed in the birds found dead during the experiment.

This study aimed at evaluating bacterial shedding, as detected in swabs, feces, and eggs of quails submitted to forced molting by feed fasting and experimentally infected with a Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) strain. In the experiment, 84 40-week-old Italian female quails were distributed in the following groups: FI (quails induced to molt by fasting and inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis - SE); CI (quails fed with a laying diet and inoculated with SE); FNI (quails induced to molt by fasting and not inoculated with SE); and CNI (quails fed with a laying feed and not inoculated with SE). Feces, cloacal swabs, and eggs were collected on day 1, 3, 7 and 14 post-inoculation (dpi) and submitted to bacteriological analyses. All samples obtained from cloacal swabs were negative for SE. None of the quails of the non-inoculated groups (FNI and CNI) were positive for SE in the fecal samples. Among the inoculated quails, the FI group presented significantly higher (p< 0.05) SE shedding in the feces on 1 dpi than the CI group. On 4 dpi, no significant difference was observed (p< 0.05) in SE shedding between the inoculated quail groups. On 7 dpi, only the FI group shed SE in the feces, whereas on 14 dpi, none of the groups shed SE. According to the results, we concluded that quails submitted to molting by fasting have higher possibility of shedding SE in the feces.