ABSTRACT Vegetation indices are widely used to monitor crop development and generally used as input data in models to forecast yield. The first step of this study consisted of using monthly Maximum Value Composites to create correlation maps using Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor mounted on Terra satellite and historical yield during the soybean crop cycle in Paraná State, Brazil, from 2000/2001 to 2010/2011. We compared the ability of forecasting crop yield based on correlation maps and crop specific masks. We ran a preliminary regression model to test its ability on yield estimation for four municipalities during the soybean growing season. A regression model was developed for both methodologies to forecast soybean crop yield using leave-one-out cross validation. The Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) values in the implementation of the model ranged from 0.037 t ha−1 to 0.19 t ha−1 using correlation maps, while for crop specific masks, it varied from 0.21 t ha−1 to 0.35 t ha−1. The model was able to explain 96 % to 98 % of the variance in estimated yield from correlation maps, while it was able to explain only 2 % to 67 % for crop specific mask approach. The results showed that the correlation maps could be used to predict crop yield more effectively than crop specific masks. In addition, this method can provide an indication of soybean yield prior to harvesting.

Relato de um caso raro de osteocondroma patelar. Homem de 60 anos apresentou tumor na patela esquerda que tem se desenvolvido por 10 anos, fato raro, considerando-se a idade do paciente e o local de surgimento do tumor. Dor leve e a presença da massa compunham o quadro clínico, sem limitação da flexoextensão ou déficit neurovascular. O tumor apresentava 8 cm longitudinal x 6 cm transversal x 3 cm anteroposterior, endurecido, aderido ao plano ósseo patelar. Nas radiografias e tomografias observamos áreas mais densas correspondentes de osso e outras menos densas, que podem corresponder à cartilagem, de crescimento lento, e irregularidades na superfície articular patelofemoral. Foi feita ressecção simples do tumor e o anatomopatológico confirmou osteocondroma da patela. Osteocondroma, ou exostose osteocartilaginosa, abrange uma grande parte dos tumores ósseos benignos. Ele resulta de alterações celulares que desencadeiam a produção desregulada de osso esponjoso. Seu tratamento é feito basicamente pela retirada cirúrgica da massa tumoral. Não é essencial, mas recomendada para evitar lesões por contiguidade e risco de malignização.

The aim was to report on a rare case of patellar osteochondroma. A 60-year-old man presented a tumor on his left patella that had developed over a 10-year period, which is a rare occurrence, considering the patient's age and the site at which the tumor appeared. The clinical condition comprised mild pain and the presence of a mass, without limitation of flexion-extension or any neurovascular deficit. The tumor dimensions were 8 cm longitudinally × 6 cm transversally × 3 cm anteroposteriorly. It was hardened and was adhering to the patellar bone plane. On radiographs and tomographic scans, we observed areas of greater density corresponding to bone and other less dense areas that could correspond to slow-growing cartilage, with irregularities on the patellofemoral joint surface. Simple resection of the tumor was performed, and the anatomopathological examination confirmed that it was a patellar osteochondroma. Osteochondroma, or osteocartilaginous exostosis, includes a large proportion of the benign bone tumors. It results from cell alterations that trigger unregulated production of spongy bone. It is basically treated by means of surgical removal of the tumor mass. This is not essential, but is recommended in order to avoid lesions caused by contiguity and the risk of malignant transformation.