ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to analyze the histomorphology and histopathology of broiler chicken tracheas submitted to different levels of ammonia gas. The experiment was conducted during different seasons in 2019 in the city of Garanhuns, Brazil. Three sheds with rice hull bedding were used: Shed 1, new bedding; Shed 2, reused bedding; Shed 3, reused bedding with an increase in moisture. Twenty-eight birds were housed per shed for a 42-day production cycle. On days D0 (control group), D7, D21, D35 and D42, seven birds per shed were euthanized. Fragments of the trachea were collected and placed into plastic containers with 10% buffered formalin solution (pH 7) for 24 h, subsequently undergoing routine histological processing. The thickness of the tracheal mucosa was measured using digital images, considering ten equidistant points as being separated by 100 µm. Histopathological lesions were analyzed considering distribution and intensity. The birds in Shed 2 (reused bedding) had greater quantity and severity of histopathological lesions, but the differences did not reach statistical significance. Regarding histomorphometry, birds reared in the higher temperature period had thicker tracheal mucosa at the end of the production cycle (D35 and D42) compared to those raised in the cooler temperature period. In conclusion, the difference in bedding did not significantly alter the tracheal mucosa of the birds, whereas temperature exerted an influence on the thickness of the trachea at the end of the production cycle.

ABSTRACT This paper describes the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of an avian encephalomyelitis (AE) outbreak in commercial laying hens in Northeastern Brazil. The disease affected 23,409 layers (from day one until 100 weeks) leading to mortality of 16.5% (5,049/30,600) of the flock. Twenty laying hens were clinically examined, and blood samples were collected and tested by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Five laying hens with neurological signs were necropsied and samples of the brain, cerebellum, spinal cord, sciatic nerve, heart, ceca tonsils, proventriculus and liver were collected, fixed in formalin buffered solution and processed according to routine methods for histological examination. Clinical signs were observed in approximately 60% of the chicken flock and included depression, ataxia, head and neck tremors, head tilt, motor incoordination and corneal opacity and of lens. All laying hens presented seroconversion for AE, with a geometric mean titer (GMT) of 6,854 and CV of 9.6%. At necropsy, there were bilateral opacity of the cornea and lens and the blood vessels of the cerebral cortex were hyperemic. The main microscopic lesions in the central nervous system consisted of red and shrunken neurons in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and spinal cord. Significant areas of gliosis were observed in the cerebral cortex and in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. Hyperplasia of the proventricular lymphoid tissue and the ceca tonsils were observed with different degrees of intensity. In Northeastern Brazil, there haven’t been previous reports of AE in commercial laying hens and this outbreak possibly occurred by inefficient immunization of laying breeders at the genetic supply company.

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar o atendimento das necessidades de saúde na perspectiva de homens usuários do programa de atenção domiciliar Melhor em Casa. Métodos O presente estudo observacional e descritivo, com delineamento qualitativo, foi realizado com homens cadastrados no Programa Melhor em Casa (PMC) no município de Cuité, estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. Foram entrevistados 10 homens dos 19 cadastrados no PMC em Cuité. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se entrevista norteada por um roteiro semiestruturado. Para os dados utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo de categoria temática proposta por Bardin. Resultados Emergiram três categorias temáticas: conhecimento dos homens acerca do problema de saúde que o condicionou à assistência domiciliar; percepção masculina quanto às necessidades de saúde apresentadas no domicílio; e percepção dos homens assistidos sobre as facilidades da assistência domiciliar. Constatou-se que os homens não conheciam aspectos importantes de sua atual condição de saúde, inclusive o motivo que os condicionou à utilização do serviço de saúde. Quanto às facilidades do serviço, foram apontadas a agilidade dos profissionais, a eliminação de grandes filas de espera características dos serviços públicos de saúde e a comodidade do ambiente domiciliar. Conclusões Foi notável a aceitabilidade e a satisfação com a assistência domiciliar por parte dos usuários. Entretanto, constatou-se grande desconhecimento dos entrevistados quanto às suas próprias necessidades no domicílio. Destaca-se a necessidade de novos estudos para ampliar as discussões acerca do cuidado domiciliar.

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the perception of male users of a home care service (Programa Melhor em Casa, PMC) provided by the Unified Health System (SUS) in Brazil regarding the fulfilment of their health needs. Method The present observational and descriptive study, with qualitative design, was performed with men registered with PMC in Cuité, a municipality located in the state of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. Ten of 19 men registered with PMC in Cuité were interviewed. Data collection was based on a semi-structured interview with participants. Results were analyzed using Bardin's content analysis of thematic categories. Results Three thematic categories were identified: knowledge of participants regarding the health problem for which they were receiving home care; masculine perception regarding the health needs in the home; and perception of participants regarding the advantages of home care. The results showed that the men interviewed were unaware of many important aspects of their health condition, such as the reason for their inclusion in a home care program. Regarding the advantages of PMC, participants mentioned the quick response by health care workers, the avoidance of long waiting lines that are usual in public health care services, and the comfort of the home. Conclusions The acceptance and satisfaction of users with PMC was remarkable. However, a high level of unawareness regarding the participants' own health needs was observed. Additional studies are required to broaden the discussion regarding home care.

RESUMEN Objetivo Verificar la atención de las necesidades de salud desde la perspectiva de los hombres usuarios del Programa Mejor en Casa, que presta atención domiciliaria. Métodos El presente estudio observacional y descriptivo, con delineamiento cualitativo, se realizó con hombres registrados en el Programa Mejor en Casa (PMC) en el municipio de Cuité, estado de Paraíba, nordeste de Brasil. Se entrevistaron 10 de los 19 hombres registrados en el PMC en Cuité. Los datos se recopilaron por medio de una entrevista orientada por una guía semiestructurada y se examinaron con el análisis de contenido por categoría temática propuesto por Bardin. Resultados Surgieron tres categorías temáticas, a saber: el conocimiento de los hombres acerca del problema de salud que dio origen a la atención domiciliaria, la percepción masculina de las necesidades de salud que se presentaron en el hogar y la percepción de los hombres que recibieron asistencia con respecto a las facilidades del servicio de atención domiciliaria. Se constató que los hombres desconocían varios aspectos importantes de su estado de salud en el momento del estudio, incluso el motivo que los llevó a utilizar el servicio de salud. En cuanto a las facilidades del servicio, se señalaron la agilidad de los profesionales, la eliminación de las largas filas de espera características de los servicios públicos de salud y la comodidad del entorno del hogar. Conclusiones Los usuarios demostraron un alto grado de aceptación de la atención domiciliaria y de satisfacción con ella. Sin embargo, se comprobó que desconocían en gran medida sus propias necesidades en el hogar. Se destaca la necesidad de realizar nuevos estudios para ampliar las deliberaciones sobre el cuidado domiciliario.

Resumo Fundamentos: Pacientes coronariopatas portadores de disfunção ventricular esquerda apresentam maior mortalidade e por isso são os maiores beneficiados de procedimento de revascularização miocárdica. Estudo anterior demonstrou que a fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) é um determinante negativo para realização de cateterismo cardíaco (CAT) após a realização de cintilografia miocárdica de perfusão (CMP). Objetivo: Determinar os fatores clínicos e cintilográficos associados à indicação de cateterismo cardíaco em pacientes submetidos a CMP. População: Pacientes consecutivamente submetidos a CMP no período de março de 2008 a dezembro de 2012. Metodologia: Todos os pacientes submetidos a CMP durante o estudo foram cadastrados num banco de dados, onde foram registrados os dados epidemiológicos, clínicos e cintilográficos (escores de perfusão e FEVE). Pacientes ou seus médicos assistentes foram contatados semestralmente por telefone para acompanhamento. Para análise estatística, foram realizadas análise univariada e selecionadas as variáveis para a inclusão em um modelo de regressão logística. Resultados: Foram submetidos a CMP 5536 pacientes, dos quais 643 realizaram CAT após o exame. Este grupo apresenta maior prevalência do sexo masculino, hipertensos, dislipidêmicos e revascularizados previamente. Os pacientes submetidos ao CAT têm angina com mais frequência, escores de isquemia mais extensos e menor FEVE. Apenas a presença de angina (IC 95% 1,2 - 1,7; p < 0,001) e a extensão de isquemia (IC 95% 1,2 - 1,3; p < 0,001) se mostraram variáveis independentes para indicação de CAT. Conclusão: A presença de angina e a extensão de isquemia foram os principais preditores para indicação de CAT pós-CMP enquanto a FEVE menor não foi um preditor independente.

Abstract Background: Patients with coronary artery disease with left ventricular dysfunction present higher mortality and are the major beneficiaries of a myocardial revascularization procedure. A previous study showed that left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a negative determinant for cardiac catheterization (CAT) after myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS). Objective: To determine clinical and scintigraphic factors associated with cardiac catheterization (CAT) indication in patients undergoing myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS).Population: Patients consecutively submitted to PMC in the period from March 2008 to December 2012. Methods: All patients undergoing MPS during the study were recorded in a data bank, where epidemiological, clinical and scintigraphic data (perfusion scores and LVEF) were recorded. Patients or their attending physicians were contacted by phone semiannually for follow-up. For statistical analysis, univariate analyzes were performed and variables were selected for inclusion in a logistic regression model. Results: 5536 patients were submitted to MPS, of which 643 performed CAT after the examination. This group presents a higher prevalence of males, hypertensive, dyslipidemic and previously revascularized. Patients undergoing CAT have angina more frequently, more extensive ischemia scores and lower LVEF. Only presence of angina (IC 95% 1.2 - 1.7, p < 0.001) and extent of ischemia (95% CI 1.2 - 1.3, p < 0.001) were independent variables for CAT indication. Conclusion: The presence of angina and the extent of ischemia were the main predictors for CAT post-MPS indication while lower LVEF was not an independent predictor.

Resumo Fundamentos: O treinamento de força (TF) tem sido recomendado como tratamento não farmacológico para hipertensão arterial moderada. Apesar do papel importante que a intensidade do exercício desempenha sobre a prescrição do treinamento, ainda não há nenhum dado avaliando os efeitos da intensidade do TF sobre a hipertensão arterial grave (HAG). Objetivo: Este estudo analisou os efeitos de dois protocolos do TF(subida em escada vertical), realizados com diferentes sobrecargas do peso máximo carregado (PMC), sobre a pressão arterial (PA) e a força muscular de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) com HAG. Métodos: Quinze SHR machos (206 ± 10 mmHg de PA sistólica (PAS)) e cinco ratos Wistar Kyoto (WKY; 119 ± 10 mmHg de PAS) foram divididos em 4grupos:sedentários: (SED-WKY) e SHR (SED-SHR); treinados: TF1-SHR conforme o peso corporal (~40% do PMC); e TF2-SHR conforme o teste de PMC (~70% do PMC). Foram coletadas medidas de PAS e a frequência cardíaca (FC) semanalmente usando o método de pressão arterial caudal. A progressão da força muscular foi determinada a cada 15 dias. O TF consistiu de 3 sessões semanais em dias não consecutivos durante 12 semanas. Resultados: Os dois protocolos de TF preveniram o aumento da PAS(respectivamente, delta - 5 e -7 mmHg; p > 0, 05), enquanto que a PAS do grupo SED-SHR aumentou em 19 mmHg (p < 0, 05). Houve queda na FC apenas para o grupo TF1 (p < 0, 05). Foi observado um aumento mas significativo de força no grupo do protocolo TF2 (140%; p < 0, 05) em comparação com o TF1 (11%; p>0, 05). Conclusões: Nossos dados indicam que ambos os protocolos de TF foram efetivos na prevenção da elevação crônica da PAS na HAG. Além disso, sobrecargas maiores de TF induziram a um maior aumento de força muscular.

Abstract Background: Resistance training (RT) has been recommended as a non-pharmacological treatment for moderate hypertension. In spite of the important role of exercise intensity on training prescription, there is still no data regarding the effects of RT intensity on severe hypertension (SH). Objective: This study examined the effects of two RT protocols (vertical ladder climbing), performed at different overloads of maximal weight carried (MWC), on blood pressure (BP) and muscle strength of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with SH. Methods: Fifteen male SHR ENT#091;206 ± 10 mmHg of systolic BP (SBP)ENT#093; and five Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY; 119 ± 10 mmHg of SBP) were divided into 4 groups: sedentary (SED-WKY) and SHR (SED-SHR); RT1-SHR training relative to body weight (~40% of MWC); and RT2-SHR training relative to MWC test (~70% of MWC). Systolic BP and heart rate (HR) were measured weekly using the tail-cuff method. The progression of muscle strength was determined once every fifteen days. The RT consisted of 3 weekly sessions on non-consecutive days for 12-weeks. Results: Both RT protocols prevented the increase in SBP (delta - 5 and -7 mmHg, respectively; p > 0.05), whereas SBP of the SED-SHR group increased by 19 mmHg (p < 0.05). There was a decrease in HR only for the RT1 group (p < 0.05). There was a higher increase in strength in the RT2 (140%; p < 0.05) group as compared with RT1 (11%; p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our data indicated that both RT protocols were effective in preventing chronic elevation of SBP in SH. Additionally, a higher RT overload induced a greater increase in muscle strength.