O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros do solo e as características dendrométricas de um Eucalyptus grandis com 30 meses de idade. plantio em área de encosta no município de Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Quatro unidades amostrais foram alocadas aleatoriamente em quatro níveis altitudinais: topo (145 m), 30 m (132 m), 20 m (122 m) e base (105 m). O diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) e a altura de todas as árvores foram medidos em cada unidade amostral. As amostras de solo foram coletadas para determinar os seguintes parâmetros: argila, matéria orgânica, saturação por bases (V), capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC), pH em água, ácido potencial (H+Al), alumínio (Al), fósforo (P), potássio (K), cálcio (Ca), magnésio (Mg) e sódio (Na).A análise estatística indicou que a posição no relevo influenciou apenas CTC, pH, H+Al, K e Na. As maiores médias de CTC (44,88 cmol c dm 3 ) e H+Al (44,97 cmol c dm 3 ) foram observadas no topo. Em contraste, os maiores valores de pH (4,17), K (41,25 mg kg -1 ) e Na (14,75 mg kg -1 ) foram observados na base. Com relação aos parâmetros dendrométricos, apenas a densidade de indivíduos e o diâmetro à do peito foram influenciados pela posição no relevo. A maior densidade foi encontrada na base (2.250 indivíduos), onde foram observados indivíduos com diâmetros menores.Em contraste, os maiores valores de DAP foram observados na profundidade de 30 m (11,36 cm). Os solos neste estudo eram sensíveis e distróficos. Portanto, pequenas variações não têm relevo condicionam a variabilidade dos atributos do solo e o crescimento de E. grandis aos 30 meses de idade.

Abstract This study evaluated the insecticidal activity of crude extracts from Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) seeds on eggs and larvae of A. aegypti, and also verified the phytochemical profile and the presence of lectins in the extract. The 0.15 M NaCl saline solution was used as the extracting substance. For tests with eggs and larvae, the crude extract was used in its raw form (RCE) and boiled at 100º C for 5 min (BCE). Concentrations of 4.68; 9.37; 18.75; 28.13; 37.13 and 46.89 mg/mL, with distilled water as a negative control. Assays were performed in triplicate. The results were subjected to analysis of variance, Tukey's test and Log-Probit analysis to determine LC50 and LC90. BCE showed better results on eggs than RCE, managing to prevent the hatching of larvae in 81.66% ± 10.40 of treated eggs, at a concentration of 46.89 mg/mL. The LC50 and LC90 were set at 35.95 and 52.67 mg/mL, respectively. In tests with larvae, concentrations of 46.89 and 37.13 mg/mL, for RCE and BCE, caused 100% mortality in 24 hours of exposure. Larval mortality at the other concentrations increased with exposure time extending to 48 h. RCE, at 48 h exposure is the most promising extract on larvae (E = 72.77%, LC90 = 10.86 mg/mL). In RCE, the presence of lectins and secondary metabolites: flavonoids, xanthones and phenols, were detected. The results demonstrate the potential of E. contortisiliquum seed extracts with ovicidal and larvicidal action on A. aegypti.

Resumo Esse estudo avaliou a atividade inseticida dos extratos brutos das sementes de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) sobre ovos e larvas do A. aegypti, verificou também o perfil fitoquímico e a presença de lectinas no extrato. A solução salina de NaCl 0,15 M foi utilizada como substância extratora. Para os ensaios com ovos e larvas, o extrato bruto foi utilizado na forma crua (RCE) e fervida a 100º C por 5 min (BCE). Foram testadas as concentrações de 4,68; 9,37; 18,75; 28,13; 37,13 e 46,89 mg/mL, tendo a água destilada como controle negativo. Os ensaios foram realizados em triplicada. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância, Teste de Tukey e análise Log-Probit para determinar CL50 e 90. O BCE apresentou melhores resultados sobre os ovos do que o RCE, conseguindo impedir a eclosão das larvas de 81,66% ± 10,40 dos ovos tratados, na concentração de 46,89 mg/mL. As respectivas CL50 e 90, foram definidas em 35,95 e 52,67 mg/mL, respectivamente. Nos testes com larvas, as concentrações de 46,89 e 37,13 mg/mL, para RCE e BCE, causaram 100% de mortalidade em 24 horas de exposição. A mortalidade larval nas demais concentrações aumentou com o tempo de exposição estendendo-se para 48 h. RCE, com 48 h de exposição é o extrato mais promissor sobre as larvas (E = 72,77%, CL90 = 10,86 mg/mL). Em RCE, a presença de lectinas e os metabólitos secundários: flavonoides, xantonas e fenóis, foram detectadas. Os resultados demonstram o potencial dos extratos das sementes de E. contortisiliquum com ação ovicida e larvicida sobre o A. aegypti.

SUMMARY: Mesenchymal stem cells are characterized by in vitro high proliferation and multilineage potential maintenance. This study aimed to isolate and characterize equine YS mesenchymal stem cells and compare these with amniotic membranes. The yolk sac (YS) and amniotic membranes (AM) were obtained from 20 pregnant mares with gestational age around 30 days. Cells were cultured in α-MEM supplemented with 15 % FBS, 1 % antibiotic solution, 1 % L-glutamine and 1 % nonessential amino acids. To cell characterization we used cytogenetic analysis, fibroblast colony-forming unit assays, cell growth curves, immunophenotyping, flow cytometry, differentiation assays and teratoma formation. Results: Both cell sources presented fibroblastoid and epithelioid-like format. The YS cells have lower colony formation potential then AM ones, 3 versus 8 colonies per 103 plated cells. However, YS cells grew progressively while AM cells showed steady. Both, the YS and amnion cells immunolabeled for Oct-4, Nanog, SSEA-3, cytokeratin 18, PCNA, and vimentin. In addition, presented mesenchymal, hematopoietic, endothelial and pluripotency markers in flow cytometry. Discussion: Both cell sources presented high plasticity and differed into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages, and no tumor formation in nude mice was observed. The results suggest that horse YS may be useful for cell therapy such as amnion-derived cells.

RESUMEN: Las células madre mesenquimales se caracterizan por una alta proliferación in vitro y un mantenimiento potencial de múltiples líneas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo aislar y caracterizar las células madre mesenquimales del saco vitelino equinas y compararlas con las membranas amnióticas. Se obtuvo el saco vitelino (SV) y las membranas amnióticas (MA) de 20 yeguas preñadas con edad gestacional de aproximadamente 30 días. Las células se cultivaron en α -MEM suplementado con 15 % de FBS, 1 % de solución antibiótica, 1 % de L-glutamina y 1 % de aminoácidos no esenciales. Para la caracterización celular utilizamos análisis citogenéticos, ensayos de unidades de colonias de fibroblastos, curvas de crecimiento celular, inmunofenotipaje, citometría de flujo, ensayos de diferenciación y formación de teratomas. Ambas fuentes celulares presentaron formato fibroblastoideo y epitelioide. Las células SV tienen un potencial de formación de colonias más bajo que las de MA, 3 versus 8 colonias por 103 células en placa. Sin embargo, las células SV crecieron progresivamente mientras que las células MA se mostraron estables. Tanto las células YS como las células amnios están inmunomarcadas para Oct-4, Nanog, SSEA-3, citoqueratina 18, PCNA y vimentina. Además, presentó marcadores mesenquimales, hematopoyéticos, endoteliales y pluripotenciales en citometría de flujo. Ambas fuentes celulares presentaron alta plasticidad y diferían en linajes osteogénicos, adipogénicos y condrogénicos, y no se observó formación de tumores en ratones. Los resultados sugieren que el SV de caballo puede ser útil para la terapia celular, como las células derivadas de amnios.

Abstract Objective: to describe the characteristics of food consumption and energy intake of women with central obesity of socioeconomic classes A/B vs C/D/E. Methodology: a cross-sectional study in which a structured questionnaire was answered containing data on socioeconomics and physical activities. Weight and waist circumference (WC) were measured and the 24-hour recall was assessed (24hR) in relation to food consumption. Biochemical exams were analyzed. The dietary analysis was performed on the Nutwin software and statistical analysis on the SPSS 23.0. Results: there were 89 women assessed in each group and no significant differences were observed in relation to age, with averages of 51.2 ± 12.2 years vs 49 ± 14.4 years for classes C/D/E vs A/B, respectively. A sedentary lifestyle was predominant for class C/D/E 82 (92.13%) vs 22 (24.71%) (p < 0.001).Significant differences were observed between the groups for variables of hypertriglyceridemia (p < 0.001), predominant in the C/D/E socioeconomic group, and HDL-C (p < 0.001), predominant in the A/B socioeconomic group. Total energy consumption of women from class C/D/E vs A/B presented mean values of 1,528.72 kcal (1,128.8-1,697.3) vs 2,267.48 kcal (1,670.3-2,625.84), respectively. Significant differences were observed in the consumption of fiber between groups C/D/E vs A/B (p < 0.001), with less consumption in class C/D/E. With reference to income and schooling levels, we observed heterogeneity in the results and emphasize the marked contrast between low and high income that could influence the choice of food, contributing in the lower income to monotonous diets, less energy consumption and, furthermore, low quality in the ingested food. Conclusion: in this study, all of the women presented metabolic profiles in different manners among the groups and, also, women of class C/D/E, who presented insufficient fiber consumption, directly contributing to this condition of obesity, also presented worse lipid (total cholesterol and triglycerides) and glycemic profiles.

Resumen Objetivo: describir las características del consumo alimentario e ingestión energética de mujeres con obesidad central de clase socioeconómica A/B vs C/D/E. Metodología: estudio transversal en el que respondieron a un cuestionario estructurado que contenía datos socioeconómicos y actividad física. Se evaluaron el peso, circunferencia de la cintura (CC) y se hizo un recordatorio de 24 horas (R24h) en relación al consumo alimentario y los exámenes bioquímicos. Los análisis dietéticos se realizaron en el software Nutwin y los análisis estadísticos en el SPSS 23.0. Resultados: se valoraron 89 mujeres en cada grupo y no se observó diferencia significativa para la edad, con una media de 51,2 ± 12,2 años frente a 49 ± 14,4 años clase C/D/E vs A/B, respectivamente. El sedentarismo fue predominante en la clase C/D/E 82 (92,13%) vs 22 (24,71%), (p < 0,001). Se observaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos para las variables de hipertrigliceridemia (p < 0,001), predominantes en el grupo de clase socioeconómico C/D/E y HDL-C (p < 0,001), predominante en el grupo de clase socioeconómico A/B. El consumo energético total de las mujeres de clase C/D/E vs A / B, presentó medianas de 1528,72 kcal (1128,8-1697,3) frente a 2267,48 kcal (1670,3-2625,84), respectivamente. Se observó una diferencia significativa del consumo de fibra entre los grupos C/D/E vs A/B (p < 0,001), siendo el consumo menor en la clase C / D / E. En lo que se refiere a la renta y escolaridad, observamos la heterogeneidad de los resultados y destacamos el marcado contraste entre la baja y elevada renta lo que podría influir en la elección de los alimentos, contribuyendo en la menor renta para la monotonía alimentaria, menor consumo energético y, además, baja calidad de los alimentos ingeridos. Conclusión: en este estudio, todas las mujeres presentaron perfiles metabólicos de maneras distintas entre los grupos. Las mujeres de la clase C/D/E, presentaron consumo insuficiente de fibra, lo que ciertamente contribuyó al cuadro de obesidad encontrado y paralelamente presentan peor perfil lipídico (colesterol total y triglicéridos) y glucémico.

Maternal smoking is a risk factor for progeny obesity. We have previously shown, in a rat model of neonatal tobacco smoke exposure, a mild increase in food intake and a considerable increase in visceral adiposity in the adult offspring. Males also had secondary hyperthyroidism, while females had only higher T4. Since brown adipose tissue (BAT) hypofunction is related to obesity, here we tested the hypothesis that higher levels of thyroid hormones are not functional in BAT, suggesting a lower metabolic rate. We evaluated autonomic nerve activity in BAT and its function in adult rats that were exposed to tobacco smoke during lactation. At birth, litters were adjusted to 3 male and 3 female pups/litter. From postnatal day (PND) 3 to 21, Wistar lactating rats and their pups were divided into SE group, smoke-exposed in a cigarette smoking machine (4 times/day) and C group, exposed to filtered air. Offspring were sacrificed at PND180. Adult SE rats of both genders had lower interscapular BAT autonomic nervous system activity, with higher BAT mass but no change in morphology. BAT UCP1 and CPT1a protein levels were decreased in the SE groups of both genders. Male SE rats had lower β3-AR, TRα1, and TRβ1 expression while females showed lower PGC1α expression. BAT Dio2 mRNA and hypothalamic POMC and MC4R levels were similar between groups. Hypothalamic pAMPK level was higher in SE males and lower in SE females. Thus, neonatal cigarette smoke exposure induces lower BAT thermogenic capacity, which can be obesogenic at adulthood.

Alkyl polyglycosides (APGs) are new biodegradable surfactants, non-toxic, synthesized from abundant renewable sources, potentially more appropriate than anionic surfactants. A range of glycosides denoted APG-Cy was synthesized by the Köenig-Knorr reaction using C10, C16 and C18 alcohols and derived from the degradation of amylose from English potato. The molecular structures of the glycosides were characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H and 13C NMR) together with Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). The study by NMR allowed the junctions between hydrophilic head groups and hydrophobic tail-groups to be characterized in detail. Conformation of the glycosidic units is 4C1 type with a b anomeric configuration. The formation of glycosides with five glucose rings linked to the alkyl chain was confirmed by 1H NMR and GPC. Liquid crystals identified by the presence of double melting points were observed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showing thermotropic properties. The surface tension (γ) and critical micelle concentration (cmc) were determined by du Noüy method, noting that increasing the length of alkyl chain led to the expected reduction in the cmc. The energies of adsorption and micellization processes calculated from isotherms γ versus ln c (g.dm-3) indicate cooperativeness of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups.

ABSTRACT Mining activities generally affect soil quality, degrading it and creating the need for consistent environmental recovery efforts. This study evaluates the influence of monospecific and mixed stands of Sesbania virgata (S) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis (E) on the chemical properties and microbial activity of the soil in a degraded area by clay extraction in the northern part of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Four treatments (100S:100 % Sesbania , 100E: 00 % Eucalyptus , 50S:50E: 50 % Sesbania + 50 % Eucalyptus , and DASV: a degraded area with spontaneous vegetation) were established according to a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Samples were collected in the 0.00-0.10 m layer in the rainy season (March) and the dry season (September). The properties evaluated were pH in water; contents of P, K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Al 3+ , H+Al, N, and C; C/N ratio; total microbial activity (soil respiration - CO 2 emission); and total enzymatic activity (fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis). The reforestation of degraded areas by clay mining with the species S. virgata and E. camaldulensis either in monospecific or mixed stands increased the nutrient contents, C levels, and total microbial activity in the soil. It was possible to separate the planting systems (100S, 100E, 50S:50E) and the DASV using principal component analysis. In both seasons, soil C contents, chemical properties, and biological variables improved in the planted areas, in contrast with the DASV. The revegetation of degraded areas by mining improved the chemical and biological properties of the soil, leading to higher soil quality in revegetated areas compared to degraded areas with natural vegetation.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that primarily affects the intestines, resulting in breakage of the intestinal barrier, pathological inflammation and nutritional disorders that encompass from trace elements deficiency to severe malnutrition. Nutritional interventions either alone or associated to drug therapy may be effective to achieve and maintain inflammation remission. Objective: To evaluate usual food intake as quantitative and qualitatively, in CD patients; and describe the effect of a supplement containing whey proteins and TGF- on their body composition. Patients and methods: Dietary intake was assessed considering 42 consecutive patients, followed in a tertiary center, and by using the 3-day food recall and food intake frequency questionnaire. Body composition was assessed previously and 8 weeks after supplementation with a diet containing whey proteins and TGF-β (N = 22). Results and discussion: Considering carbohydrates and lipids, most patients had adequate dietary intake according recommendations. Protein, saturated fat, B12 vitamin and zinc intakes were higher than the recommended values. The dietary fiber, A, D, C and E vitamins, calcium, iron, folate, potassium and sodium intakes did not reach the recommended requirements in most patients. Patients supplemented with the whey protein and TGF-β dietary presented a positive increment in their lean body mass, when compared to non-supplemented group. Conclusion: CD patients require nutritional orientation. Whey protein intake resulted in significant differences, such as improvement in Lean Body Mass and reduction in Fat percentage.

La enfermedad de Crohn (EC) es un desorden inflamatorio crónico, que afecta principalmente el intestino, resultando en el rompimiento de la barrera intestinal, inflamación patológica y disturbios nutricionales que pueden variar de la deficiencia de oligoelementos a la desnutrición grave. Intervenciones nutricionales pueden ser eficaces para alcanzar y mantener la remisión del proceso inflamatorio, aisladamente, o en combinación con terapia farmacológica. Objetivo: Evaluar el consumo alimentario cuantitativo y cualitativo en pacientes con EC y el efecto de la suplementación nutricional con dieta conteniendo proteínas del suero de leche y TGF-β en la composición corporal de los pacientes. Pacientes y métodos: La ingestión alimentaria fue evaluada en 42 pacientes, aplicando el registro alimentario de 3 días y el cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria. La composición corporal fue evaluada en esos pacientes, siendo que 22 recibieron la dieta conteniendo proteínas del suero de leche y TGF-β y 20 pacientes no fueron suplementados (grupo control). Resultados y discusión: La mayoría de los pacientes presentó ingestión alimentaria adecuada de carbohidratos y lípidos. El consumo de proteína, grasa saturada, vitamina B12 y zinc fue superior a los valores recomendados. El consumo de fibras alimentarias, vitamina A, D, C, y E, calcio, hierro, folato, potasio y sodio no satisfizo las necesidades recomendadas en la mayoría de los pacientes. Hubo un aumento de la masa magra de los pacientes suplementados con la proteína del suero de leche y TGF-β Conclusión: El grupo de pacientes con enfermedad de Crohn presentó, en su mayoría, un consumo adecuado de carbohidratos y lípidos, y el consumo de proteína fue superior al recomendado en más de la mitad de los pacientes. Se encontró una ingesta inadecuada de vitaminas A, C, D y E, fibras, calcio, folato, hiero y zinc. La ingestión de proteína del suero de leche mejoró la composición corporal de los pacientes.

This paper describes the development of Hg0.8Re0.2Ba2Ca2Cu 3O8.8 thick film prepared with a precursor Ba2Ca2Cu3O5+d thick film, which was layered by Laser Ablation technique on PrBa2Cu3O7 substrate. The precursor thick film was thermally treated under mercury atmosphere using an encapsulate quartz tube technique. DC critical current measurements below T C determined the thick film superconductor current critical density as a function of temperature. The general behavior of the critical current density as a function of temperature confirms that the (Hg,Re)-1223 thick film has junctions type classified as superconducting-insulate-superconducting (SIS). After the critical current test the superconductor thick film has not shown any degradation or stoichiometry loss and its critical temperature has not changed after the test. Taken into account the critical current value of thick film as compared with the bulk sample, it was suggested that the procedure described here can be applied to build most electronic-type applications based on (Hg,Re)-1223 ceramic thick film.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a incidência e as características das lesões tipo SCIWORA nos indivíduos até os 16 anos, da área de um hospital central entre 1989 e 2009, após traumatismo cervical. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de consulta processual. RESULTADOS: Nove (10,5%) de 86 crianças apresentavam achados clínicos e radiológicos compatíveis com o diagnóstico de SCIWORA. A média de idades foi de 10,7 anos. A causa mais frequente foi o acidente de trânsito. Seis indivíduos eram classificáveis como Frankel D. Os restantes três casos eram Frankel C. Em três doentes a RMN mostrou imagem de lesão. Sete efetuaram metilprednisolona endovenosa e todos mantiveram imobilização com colar cervical até a primeira consulta de seguimento, às 2 semanas. Na alta, os seis doentes que apresentavam Frankel D à entrada melhoraram para um grau E. Dos doentes com Frankel C à entrada, um melhorou até Frankel D e os restantes dois mantiveram-se inalterados em Frankel C. CONCLUSÃO: Em um hospital de referência traumatológica, SCIWORA representa cerca de 10% das lesões cervicais pediátricas. Os défices neurológicos à entrada e a RMN têm valor prognóstico de recuperação. A corticoterapia em dose elevada não está formalmente indicada e não é consensual o tempo de utilização de imobilização ou a sua indicação em todos os SCIWORA.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence and characteristics of SCIWORA in individuals under 16 years, from the area of a Level 1 Trauma Center between 1989 and 2009 after cervical trauma. METHODS: Retrospective study of clinical charts consultation. RESULTS: nine (10.5%) of 86 children had clinical features compatible with the radiological diagnosis of SCIWORA. The mean age was 10.7 years. The most frequent cause was traffic accident. Six individuals were classified as Frankel D. The remaining three cases were Frankel C. In three patients the MRI showed an image of lesion. Seven had intravenous methylprednisolone done and all remained with cervical collar immobilization until the first follow-up visit at 2 weeks. At discharge six patients who had Frankel D at entrance improved to a grade E. Of the patients with Frankel C at entry, one improved to Frankel D and the other two remained unchanged in Frankel C. CONCLUSION: In a level 1 Trauma Center SCIWORA represents nearly 10% of all spine injuries. neurological deficits at entry and MRI have prognostic value for recovery. High dosage corticosteroids is not formally indicated and there is no consensus as to how long cervical immobilization should be prescribed or its indication at all in SCIWORA patients.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la incidencia y las características de las lesiones tipo SCIWORA en los individuos de hasta 16 años de edad, del área de un hospital central, entre 1989 y 2009, después de traumatismo cervical. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de consulta procesal. RESULTADOS: nueve (10,5%) de 86 niños presentaban hallazgos clínicos y radiológicos compatibles con el diagnóstico de SCIWORA. El promedio de edades fue 10,7 años. La causa más frecuente fue el accidente de tránsito. Seis individuos eran clasificables como Frankel D. Los restantes tres casos eran Frankel C. En tres pacientes, la RMn mostró imagen de lesión. Siete recibieron metilprednisolona endovenosa y todos mantuvieron inmovilización con collar cervical hasta la primera consulta de seguimiento, después de 2 semanas. En la alta, los seis pacientes, que presentaban Frankel D a la entrada, mejoraron para un grado E. De los pacientes con Frankel C a la entrada, uno mejoró hasta Frankel D y los otros dos se mantuvieron, sin alteraciones, en Frankel C. Conclusión: En un hospital de referencia traumatológica, SCIWORA representa cerca de 10% de las lesiones cervicales pediátricas. Los déficits neurológicos a la entrada y a RMn tienen valor de pronóstico de recuperación. La corticoterapia en dosis alta no está indicada formalmente y no es consensual el tiempo de utilización de inmovilización o su indicación en todos los SCIWORA.

The purpose of this work was to study the morphology and morphometry of the mental foramen (MF), as well as to evaluate its morphological configuration; in addition to taking measures of its localization using as a parameter the distances of the foramen to the inferior border of the mandible and at the alveolar ridge. 80 dry mandibles were analyzed using the test of Qui-square and T test, with 5% of significance. Its average distance, on the right side, at the inferior edge of the mandible (IEM) was of 12.96(±1 .57) mm and of the alveolar ridge (AR) was of 12.82(±3.4) mm. On the left side it was found distant of IEM 12.96(±1.32) mm and of the AR 12.82(± 3.22)mm. The largest horizontal diameter found was of 3.32 (± 0.91) mm to the right and 3.25 (± 0.86) mm to the left side while the largest vertical diameter was of 2.38 (± 0.63) mm on the right and of 2.39 (± 0.58) mm on the left side. It was predominantly found in the oval form, on the right side, of which 98.3% presented as a larger diameter the horizontal (type I). On the left side, all the oval foramens were classified as of type I. 76 (95%) appeared single on both sides. As to the localization related to the mandibular dentition, it was localized in similar statistic proportions between the 1st and 2nd premolars and above the 2nd premolar, in 45.17% of the mandibles, on the right side. On the left side it was predominantly found between the 1st and 2nd premolars 48.48% of the mandibles. The study of the MF is of vital importance to the acupuncture practice, as well as to modern surgical procedures, like anesthesia, requiring a detailed and precise study of the morphology and morphometry of the area.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la morfología y morfometría del foramen mentoniano (FM), así como evaluar su configuración morfológica; tomar las medidas de su localization usando como parámetro la distancia del foramen hacia el borde inferior de la mandíbula y el reborde alveolar. 80 mandíbulas secas se analizaron mediante la prueba de Chi-cuadrado y prueba t, con un 5% de significancia. Su distancia media, en el lado derecho, hasta el borde inferior de la mandíbula (BIM) fue de 12,96 (± 1,57) mm y del reborde alveolar (RA) fue de 12,82 (± 3,4) mm. En el lado izquierdo se encuentro una distancia del BIM de 12,96 (± 1,32) mm y del RA de 12,82 (± 3,22) mm. El mayor diámetro horizontal encontrado fue de 3,32 (± 0,91) mm a la derecha y 3,25 (± 0,86) mm a la izquierda, mientras que el mayor diámetro vertical fue de 2,38 (± 0,63) mm a la derecha y de 2,39 (± 0,58) mm en el lado izquierdo. Se encuentra principalmente en forma oval en el lado derecho, de los cuales 98,3% presenta un diámetro mayor horizontal (tipo I). En el lado izquierdo, todos los forámenes ovales fueron clasificados como de tipo I. 76 (95%) aparecieron solamente en ambos lados. En cuanto a la localization en relación con la dentición mandibular, fue localizado en la misma proporción estadística entre el 1er y 2d° premolar y por encima del 2ª premolar en el 45,17% de las mandíbulas en el lado derecho. En el lado izquierdo se encuentran principalmente entre los l ros y 2ros premolares en el 48,48% de las mandíbulas. El estudio del FM, es de vital importancia para la práctica de la acupuntura, así como para los modernos procedimientos quirúrgicos, como la anestesia, que requieren un estudio detallado y preciso de la morfología y morfometría de la zona.

A pigmentação de olhos pretos (forma selvagem) e vermelhos (forma mutante) de Triatoma infestans foi estudada por espectrofotometria e comparada à de olhos vermelhos (selvagem) e brancos (mutante) de Drosophila melanogaster. Os perfis do espectro de absorção dos pigmentos de olho preto e vermelho de T. infestans foram semelhantes entre si e ao dos olhos de tipo selvagem de D. melanogaster. A similaridade com a forma selvagem de D. melanogaster indicou que ambos os tipos de olho de T. infestans continham omocromos do tipo xantomatina, o que foi confirmado por cromatografia ascendente em papel. Não foram detectadas pteridinas, melaninas e ominas como pigmentos de olho em T. infestans. A diferença na cor de olho em T. infestans foi considerada uma função da concentração de xantomatina, sendo menor o conteúdo de omocromo nos olhos vermelhos, embora isso provavelmente não afete a acuidade visual do inseto. Esses resultados estão de acordo com dados de outros autores quanto a semelhanças envolvendo outras características entre espécimes de olho preto e vermelho de T. infestans.

The pigmentation of black (wild) and red (mutant) eyes of Triatoma infestans was studied spectrophotometrically and compared with red-eyed (wild) and white-eyed (mutant) forms of Drosophila melanogaster. The spectral absorption profiles of the black and red eye pigments of T. infestans were similar to each other and to that of the wild-type eyes of D. melanogaster. The similarity to the wild form of D. melanogaster indicated that both eye forms of T. infestans contained ommochromes of the xanthommatin type, a finding confirmed by ascending paper chromatography. Pteridines, melanins, and ommins were not detected as eye pigments in T. infestans. The eye color difference in T. infestans was assumed to be a function of the xanthommatin concentration, with a smaller content of ommochrome in red eyes, although this probably did not affect the insect's visual acuity. These data support other findings regarding the similarities between black- and red-eyed specimens of T. infestans for other characteristics.

compostos M-2-MeO-Bz foram sintetizados no estado sólido, onde M representa os íons bivalentes Mn, Co, Ni, Cu e Zn e 2-MeO-Bz é o anion 2-metoxibenzoato. Esses compostos foram caracterizados e estudados, utilizando-se técnicas de difração de raios X pelo método do pó, espectroscopia na região do infravermelho, complexometria e analise térmica diferencial simultânea (TG-DTA), thermogravimetry, derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) e calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC). Os resultados permitiram obter informações com respeito a estequiometria, desidratação, estabilidade térmica e decomposição térmica.

Solid-state M-2-MeO-Bz compounds, where M stands for bivalent Mn, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn and 2-MeO-Bz is 2-methoxybenzoate, have been synthesized. Simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), thermogravimetry, derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy and complexometry were used to characterize and to study the thermal behaviour of these compounds. The results led to have information about the composition, dehydration, thermal stability and thermal decomposition of the isolated compounds.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da qualidade nutricional e orgânica sobre a atividade C e N da biomassa microbiana em diferentes estruturas da serapilheira de uma mata atlântica montana no entorno do Parque Estadual do Desengano-RJ. As amostras de serapilheira foram coletadas em setembro de 1999. Realizou-se a separação das estruturas em: folhas, galhos e raízes superficiais; mistura de material mais fragmentado (estrutura F) e matéria orgânica menor que 2 mm (estrutura H). A qualidade nutricional e orgânica da serapilheira influenciou a atividade da biomassa microbiana. Das estruturas, as folhas apresentaram uma biomassa microbiana mais eficiente na imobilização de C e N. O qCO2 foi um indicador de condições de estresse, presença de celulose e polifenol, para a biomassa microbiana nas diferentes estruturas. Utilizando a técnica de agrupamento de Tocher, observou-se a formação de três grupos distintos. Um constituído pelas raízes superficiais e estrutura H; o segundo pelas folhas e o terceiro grupo pela estrutura F. Por meio da contribuição relativa dos caracteres para a divergência entre as estruturas, a variável que mais contribuiu foi a relação polifenol: N, seguida do carbono da biomassa microbiana, polifenol, celusose e relação lignina: N.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the organic and nutritional quality on the activity and C and N contents of the microbial biomass in different structures of litter from a Mountain Atlantic Forest from around the Desengano State Park-RJ, Brazil. Litter samples were collected in September 1999. The litter structures were leaves, branches, and superficial roots; fine debris (F structure); and organic matter smaller than 2 mm (H structure). The nutritional and organic litter quality influenced the activity of the microbial biomass. The leaves had the most efficient microbial biomass in the immobilization of C and N. The qCO2 (metabolic quotient) was an indicator for the stress condition and presence of cellulose and polyphenol for the microbial biomass in the different structures. The formation of three distinct groups was observed by the Tocher group technique. The first group consisted of superficial roots and H strucuture; the second comprised leaves and the third group consisted of F strucuture. Through the relative contribution of the characters to the divergence between components, the variable that most contributed was polifenol: N ratio, followed by carbon microbial biomass, polifenol, cellulose and lignin: N ratio.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi relacionar o acúmulo de serapilheira com sua composição química e desta com as características físicas e químicas do solo, em plantios puros e misto de espécies florestais nativas. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em solos de tabuleiro do sudeste da Bahia, Brasil, no período de agosto de 1994 a novembro de 1996, em plantios, com 22 anos de idade, de pau-roxo (Peltogyne angustiflora), putumuju (Centrolobium robustum), arapati (Arapatiella psilophylla), arapaçu (Sclerolobium chrysophyllum), claraíba (Cordia trichotoma) e óleo-comumbá (Macrolobium latifolium ). Foram utilizadas uma floresta secundária, praticamente em estado clímax, e uma capoeira, de 40 anos de idade. O solo na camada de 0-5 cm estava mais bem estruturado no plantio misto do que sob as outras coberturas vegetais. A estruturação dessa camada foi positivamente relacionada com o acúmulo de C orgânico no solo e de serapilheira sobre este. O nível de fertilidade do solo (0-10 cm) sob as espécies implantadas nos sistemas puros e misto foi superior ao da capoeira e da floresta natural. A fitomassa e a qualidade nutricional da serapilheira revelaram a capacidade diferenciada das coberturas florestais para absorver e reciclar nutrientes; o plantio misto representou uma situação intermediária em relação ao sistema de plantios puros. A quantidade de serapilheira acumulada dependeu da sua composição química. Segundo resultados deste trabalho, a estruturação e o nível de fertilidade do solo distinguiram-se de acordo com as coberturas florestais, em razão da quantidade, da composição química e da taxa de decomposição da serapilheira. As espécies claraíba, arapaçu e pau-roxo revelaram-se promissoras em melhorar a fertilidade do solo. Contudo, o plantio misto mostrou ser o sistema florestal mais adequado, por proporcionar simultaneamente melhor estruturação, maior quantidade de C orgânico, maiores níveis de nutrientes do solo e, conseqüentemente, maior eficiência da ciclagem de nutrientes.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relation between the chemical composition of litter accumulation and its effect on the physics and fertility of soil in two plantation systems of native forest species. The plantation systems consisted of 22 year-old mixed stand and pure stands of six hardwood species (Peltogyne angustiflora, Centrolobium robustum, Arapatiella psilophylla, Sclerolobium chrysophyllum, Cordia trichotoma, Macrolobium latifolium) native to the southeastern region of Bahia, Brazil, evaluated from August 1994 through November 1996. As a reference for the characteristic analyzed, the study included a secondary forest near climax, and a 40 year-old naturally regenerated forest. The soil of the 0-5 cm upper layer was better structured in the mixed stand than in the other forest systems. This layer's soil structure was positively influenced by litter mass and organic carbon. Soil fertility (0-10 cm upper layer) was higher in the planted stands than in the regenerating and secondary forests. The litter mass and its nutritional quality revealed differences in the capacity the various types of forest had in nutrient uptak and cycling. The mixed stand had an intermediate position in relation to the pure and natural forest stands. The litter decay rate was regulated by its quality. The results of this study indicate that the soil structure and fertility level under forest could be affected by litter nutritional quality and its decay rate. The mixed stand of forests species seemed to be the best plantation system, as it increases soil organic matter and fertility level and improve soil structure.