Abstract Objectives: Upper respiratory tract infections in children generally have significant morbidity and mortality. There is little data available about functional immaturity of the immune system and the child’s susceptibility to infections at the beginning of their lives, thus, justifying a more specific immunological analysis. Method: Analysis of hemograms and innate and adaptive immune responses in 95 children between age 1 to 6 years with episodes of recurrent respiratory infections (test group n = 39) and without these episodes (control group n = 56) was carried out. The production of reactive oxygen intermediates by peripheral blood cells stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate was analyzed. Additionally, the number of B lymphocytes, auxiliary T lymphocytes, and cytotoxic cells was determined using flow cytometry. Results: Results from both groups did not show statistically significant differences in red blood cells, total leukocytes count, and the differential neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes count. The analysis of the number of B lymphocytes, auxiliary T lymphocytes (LTCD4), and cytotoxic cells (LTCD8) also did not show any difference between both groups. However, the production of radical oxygen intermediates was significantly reduced in the test group as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: There was no difference in the analysis of hemograms, leukograms, or the number of lymphocytes, LTCD4, LTCD8, or LTCD19. The reduced production of oxygen intermediates in the affected group suggests that these children’s microbicide capacity is compromised, which may be related to their recurrent respiratory infections.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento, as atitudes e as práticas preventivas de acidentes de trânsito entre crianças escolares antes e depois da aplicação de um programa educativo. Métodos: Estudo experimental, com abordagens descritiva e analítica, realizado em duas escolas públicas do nordeste brasileiro. A amostra foi composta de 173 crianças do 3º ao 5º ano do ensino fundamental e aleatorizada em Grupo Experimental (GE), com 90 participantes, e Grupo Controle (GC), com 83 participantes. O programa educativo foi realizado no GE com a utilização do método eduterapêutico (Health Magic Box). Os dados foram obtidos por meio do questionário Conhecimento, Atitudes e Práticas (CAP), aplicado no início da pesquisa, antes de qualquer ação educativa, e após um mês da realização do tratamento experimental. Na análise estatística foi utilizado o teste t de Student pareado para comparação entre os momentos anteriores e posteriores à intervenção no GE e avaliação inicial e final no GC. Resultados: As crianças do GE e GC mostraram-se semelhantes quanto às variáveis sociodemográficas, e não foi observada diferença significativa no nível de conhecimento, atitudes e práticas preventivas de acidentes de trânsito entre os grupos na avaliação inicial. Entretanto, ainda após um mês da realização do experimento, foi evidenciada melhora significativa no conhecimento do GE (p=0,027). As atitudes e práticas preventivas também foram superiores nas crianças do GE, porém sem diferença significativa em relação ao GC (p=0,060 e p=0,282, respectivamente). Conclusões: A intervenção educativa aumentou o nível de conhecimento e manteve as atitudes e práticas preventivas de acidentes de trânsito estabilizadas em estudantes de 3º a 5º ano.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices on traffic accidents in schoolchildren, before and after the implementation of a health education program. Methods: Experimental study carried out in two public schools in Northeastern Brazil. The sample was composed of 173 children from 3rd to 5th grade and was randomized into Experimental Group (EG; n=0) and Control Group (CG; n=8). The educational program was carried out at EG with the use of the educational therapeutic method (Health Magic Box). The data were obtained through the questionnaire Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP), applied at the beginning of the study, before any educational actions, and one month after the experimental treatment. Paired Student’s t-test was used to compare the moments before and after the intervention in the EG and initial and final evaluation in the CG. Results: The children in the EG and CG were similar in relation to sociodemographic variables, and no significant difference was observed in the level of knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices on traffic accidents between the groups in the initial evaluation. One month after the experimental treatment, a significant improvement in knowledge was observed in EG (p=0.027). Preventive attitudes and practices were also higher in children in the EG, but without significant differences in relation to CG (p=0.060 and p=0.282, respectively). Conclusions: The educational intervention increased the level of knowledge and maintained the preventive attitudes and practices on traffic accidents at the same level in 3rd-5th grade students.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar las variables antropométricas y de potencia de miembros inferiores (PMI) en una muestra de jugadores de rugby-7 de diferentes posiciones. Participaron 22 jugadores universitarios clasificados de acuerdo con las posiciones ocupadas en el terreno de juego en back y forward. Para evaluar el porcentaje de grasa, se utilizó el protocolo de 7 pliegues cutáneos de Jackson & Pollock, y para las pruebas de PMI salto vertical (CMJ), salto horizontal y salto triple. Con el afán de comparar las variables del estudio, fue adoptado el test T para muestras pareadas, siendo el p < 0,05. Los resultados indicaron una diferencia significativa entre la masa total (t = , p < 0,01), la masa libre de grasa (p < 0,05), la masa adiposa (p < 0,01) y el CMJ (p < 0,005) entre los grupos. Se observa que las características antropométricas y neuromusculares para los forwards son distintas de las de los backs, debido a la posición de juego, que requiere una configuración morfológica y física distinta.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as variáveis antropométricas e de potência dos membros inferiores (PMI) em uma amostra de jogadores de rúgbi-7 de diferentes posições. Participaram 22 jogadores universitários, classificados de acordo com as posições ocupadas no campo de jogo para adiante e para trás. Para avaliar o percentual de gordura, utilizou-se o protocolo de 7 dobras cutâneas de Jackson & Pollock, e para os testes de PMI salto vertical (CMJ), salto horizontal e salto triplo. Com o objetivo de comparar as variáveis do estudo, o teste T foi adotado para amostras de dupla, sendo p <0,05. Os resultados indicaram uma diferença significativa entre a massa total ( t =, p <0,01), a massa livre de gordura (p <0,05), a massa adiposa (p <0,01) e o CMJ (p < 0,005) entre os grupos. Observa- se que as características antropométricas e neuromusculares para os atacantes são diferentes daquelas das costas, devido à posição de jogo, que requer uma configuração morfológica e física diferente.

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare the anthropometric and lower limb power (PMI) variables in a sample of rugby-7 players holding different positions. Twenty-two rugby-7 college players participated; according to the positions occupied on the playing field, they were classified in back and forward. The protocol of seven skin folds of Jackson & Pollock was used to evaluate the percentage of fat; and for the PMI tests vertical jump (CMJ), horizontal jump and triple jump. The T-test for paired samples was adopted, being p < 0.05, to compare the study variables. The results indicated a significant difference between the total mass (p < 0,01), the fat-free mass (p < 0,05), the fat mass (p < 0,01), and the CMJ (p < 0,005) between the groups. It is observed that the anthropometric demands for the forwards are different from the backs, due to the characteristic of the game position, which requires a different physical and morphological configuration.

RESUMO A região do Parque Estadual do Espinilho, inserida nos domínios fitogeográficos da Savana Estépica Parque, ainda é pouco estudada, apesar de ser destaque na flora sulina. Características como denso estrato herbáceo e árvores isoladas configuram-na como propícia à pecuária. Objetivou-se analisar alterações florísticas e edáficas impostas pelo pastejo em duas áreas do Parque, a primeira sob pastejo e a segunda protegida por cinco anos. Foram avaliadas propriedades físicas do solo e biomassa aérea do estrato herbáceo, visando investigar relações com as principais espécies arbóreas regenerantes. Foi instalada uma unidade amostral de 2ha em ambas as áreas, compostas por 200 subunidades cada. O inventário do estrato regenerante, as coletas para análises de solo, biomassa aérea do estrato herbáceo e testes de resistência do solo à penetração foram realizados em 50 subunidades. Os resultados avaliados pelo teste t de Student demonstram que há variações entre florística e fatores ambientais aferidos entre as duas áreas. A abundância das espécies P. affinis e V. caven e as variáveis resistência do solo à penetração, densidade do solo, umidade gravimétrica e biomassa aérea do estrato herbáceo diferem significativamente. A análise exploratória de ordenação (PCoA) permite inferir que variáveis densidade do solo, resistência à penetração e abundância de espécies de V. caven apresentam maiores valores em área com pastejo, e umidade gravimétrica, biomassa aérea e abundância de P. affinis são maiores em área protegida, configurando significativas mudanças ao longo de apenas cinco anos de exclusão.

ABSTRACT Despite being prominent in flora, the region of the Parque Estadual do Espinilho located in the Pampas of southern Brazil, where dense herbaceous stratum and isolated trees make this region suitable for livestock farming, has received little attention. The objective of the study was to analyze floristic and edaphic changes imposed by livestock farming in two areas of the park, the first under livestock grazing and the second protected from grazing (livestock-excluded) for five years. We evaluated soil physical properties of and the herbaceous aboveground biomass in order to investigate relationships with key regenerating tree species. A sampling unit of 2ha was installed in both areas, each composed of 200 subunits. Inventory of regenerating trees and herbaceous aboveground biomass, soil sampling, and soil penetration resistance tests were done in 50 subunits. The results, which were evaluated by Student’s t-test, exhibited variations between the two areas in regards to floristic and environmental factors. The abundance of the P. affinis and V. caven species and the variables of soil penetration resistance, soil bulk density, gravimetric moisture and herbaceous aboveground biomass differ significantly between the two areas. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) allows to infer that variables such as soil bulk density, penetration resistance and the abundance of V. caven species exhibit higher values in the area under gazing, while gravimetric moisture, aboveground biomass and abundance of P. affinis are higher in the area under livestock-excluded, showing that significant changes occur over just five years of livestock-excluded from the area.

The karyotype of the big-headed Amazon River turtle, Peltocephalus dumerilianus, is characterized based on a sample of seven juveniles from Reserva Biológica do Rio Trombetas, Pará State, Brazil (1°30' S, 56°34' W). Here we present the first results on GTG and CBG-banding patterns, Ag-NOR staining and FISH, with telomeric and 45S rDNA sequences as probes. A cytogenetic comparison with related Podocnemidae is also provided.

Kerion Celsi is an inflammatory presentation of tinea capitis, caused by a hypersensitivity reaction mediated by T lymphocytes of the dermatophyte in hair follicles. The early clinical recognition avoids invasive procedures. Hyperleukocytosis/ leukemoid reactions are hematologic reactional responses that may result. The most frequently involved agents are Trichophyton verrucosum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis and Microsporum gypseu. The clinical spectrum is widely variable.

Este estudo teve por objectivo avaliar a eficácia de 3 pesticidas de origem natural, azadiractina, Beauveria bassiana e spinosade, no combate ao escaravelho-da-batateira e a influência destes na desfoliação, produtividade, calibre e matéria seca dos tubérculos. O pesticida padrão utilizado foi o tiaclopride e a testemunha a água. A eficácia foi avaliada 2 e 7 dias após o tratamento, através do número de larvas L1-L3 e L4 nas plantas e da percentagem de mortalidade. O delineamento experimental foi completamente casualizado, com 4 repetições. O bioinsecticida mais eficaz foi o spinosade (> 97% mortalidade) com eficácia semelhante ao tiaclopride, enquanto a azadiractina e a B. bassiana revelaram eficácia sobre as duas fases larvares apenas 7 dias após tratamento (65 a 77% mortalidade). A produtividade da cultura foi idêntica para os 3 biopesticidas e para o tiaclopride (média 17,5 t ha-1) e foi inferior na testemunha (10,5 t ha-1). Estes bioinsecticidas mostraram-se viáveis na protecção contra esta praga, possibilitando a sua alternância.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 3 bio-insecticides, spinosad, azadirachtin and Beauveria bassiana, against Colorado potato beetle and the effects on defoliation, potato yield, grade and dry matter. The reference insecticide was thiacloprid and water was the control. The efficacy was assessed 2 and 7 days after crop spraying, through the number of beetle larvae stages L1-L3 and L4 on the plants and the percentage of mortality. The experiment was completed randomized with 4 repetitions. Spinosad presented the highest efficacy (> 97% mortality) similar to the thiacloprid, while the azadirachtin and B. bassiana were effective against both larvae stages only 7 days after crop spraying (65 a 77% mortality). Potato crop yield was similar for the 3 bio-insecticides and for the thiacloprid (mean 17.5 t ha-1) and lower in the control (10.5 t ha-1). The study showed the feasibility of the bio-insecticides in crop protection programs, to use in alternation as a resistance strategy.

Ratos Wistar machos foram expostos por via oral, durante 28 dias, a 1/10 do valor da DL50 (concentração letal) da permetrina (PMT) ou deltametrina (DMT). O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os resíduos de PMT e DMT no fígado e coração dos ratos ao final do período de exposição e avaliar o efeito nos níveis de resíduos devido à ingestão de pectina e celulose na dieta. Os analitos foram extraídos em acetonitrila e a limpeza dos extratos foi realizada por extração em fase sólida com florisil antes da análise por GC-ECD (cromatografia gasosa com captura de elétrons). Para PMT, os limites de quantificação (LOQ) foram 1,0 e 0,2 µg g-1 e para DMT 0,9 e 0,2 µg g-1 para fígado e coração, respectivamente. Não foi verificada a presença de resíduos de PMT ou DMT acima do LOQ do método, tanto no fígado como no coração dos animais expostos

For 28 days male Wistar rats were submitted to oral exposure with 1/10 of the LD50 value of permethrin (PMT) or deltamethrin (DMT). The aim of this study was to determine the residues of PMT and DMT in the liver and heart of the rats at the end of the exposure period, as well as to evaluate the effect of ingesting pectin and cellulose via the diet. The analytes were extracted with acetonitrile and the extracts were cleaned up by solid phase extraction with florisil before GC-ECD (gas chromatography coupled with an electron-capture detector) analysis. For PMT, the limits of quantitation (LOQ) were 1.0 and 0.2 µg g-1 and for DMT 0.9 and 0.2 µg g-1 for liver and heart, respectively. No PMT or DMT residues were verified above the LOQ of the method in either the liver or heart of the exposed animals