Resumo Este artigo aborda a questão da habitação e dos aglomerados subnormais no contexto de municípios selecionados da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, e verifica a viabilidade de cumprimento da meta 11.1 dos objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável (ODS) em escala regional. São utilizados como fontes de dados, estudos recentes encomendados e divulgados pelo Governo Federal Brasileiro e dados do Censo. Na realidade estudada, o município de Belford Roxo, com índices alarmantes de comunidades e domicílios em contexto de aglomerados subnormais, apresenta tendência de deterioração da situação da habitação. Japeri e Queimados, pelas taxas de crescimento demográfico das últimas décadas, também merecem ser monitorados. Enquanto Nova Iguaçu, Mesquita e Nilópolis, com percentuais menores de suas populações vivendo em aglomerados subnormais, apresentam condições propícias para o alcançar a meta 11.1 dos ODS até 2030.

Abstract This article addresses the issue of housing and subnormal agglomerations in selected municipalities within the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and verifies the feasibility of achieving target 11.1 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on a regional scale. Recent studies commissioned and released by the Brazilian Federal Government and Census data are used as data sources. In the reality studied, the municipality of Belford Roxo, with alarming rates of communities and households in the context of subnormal agglomerations, shows a tendency to deteriorate the housing situation. Japeri and Queimados, due to the demographic growth rates of recent decades. Conversely, Nova Iguaçu, Mesquita, and Nilópolis, with smaller proportions of their populations living in subnormal agglomerations, present a favorable condition for achieving target 11.1 of the SDGs by 2030.

Resumen Este artículo aborda el tema de la vivienda y de las aglomeraciones subnormales en el contexto de municipios seleccionados de la Región Metropolitana de Río de Janeiro - Brasil, y verifica la viabilidad de alcanzar la meta 11.1 de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS) a escala regional. Los estudios recientes encargados y publicados por el gobierno federal brasileño y los datos del censo se utilizan como fuentes de datos. En la realidad estudiada, el municipio de Belford Roxo, con índices alarmantes de comunidades y viviendas en el contexto de aglomeraciones subnormales, muestra una tendencia al deterioro de la situación habitacional. Japeri y Queimados, debido a las tasas de crecimiento demográfico de las últimas décadas, también merecen ser monitoreadas, mientras que Nova Iguaçu, Mesquita y Nilópolis, con porciones más pequeñas de sus poblaciones viviendo en aglomeraciones subnormales, presentan una condición favorable para alcanzar la meta 11.1 de los ODS para 2030.

This study, a Doctorate Research excerpt, aimed to map the effects of an on-line pedagogical intervention guided on physical activity (PA) self-regulatory strategies during the pandemic at a public school. This is qualitative Research, of the pedagogical intervention type using an educational tool. 35 high school students (14 to 17 years old) were interviewed in 8 on-line focus groups. The software IRaMuTeQ was employed to interpret data. The results were organized in six classes: “Diary as in incentive to PA”, “Strategies to increase motivation”, “Choices and PA sociostructural factors”, “How preferences and social support influences PA”, “Goals and self-assessment reflections”, “PA monitoring”. Previously inactive, insufficiently active students (who identified themselves with the educational tool´s character) felt more confident to engage in PA (positive effect) using strategies taught in the intervention (PA diary). Previously physically active students rated the intervention effects as neutral, but praised critical debates on social inequalities and PA. During the intervention, some students employed simple self-regulatory strategies (graded goals), while others did not employ any due to not being something intuitive, lack of motivation, forgetting. This pedagogical intervention seems to be effective to teach the conceptual interfaces between PA, psychology, and society.

En este estudio, que forma parte de una investigación de Doctorado, nos propusimos mapear los efectos de una intervención pedagógica en línea anclada en estrategias autorreguladoras de actividad física (AF) durante la pandemia en un instituto público. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, del tipo intervención pedagógica con ayuda de recurso didáctico. Se realizaron 8 entrevistas semiestructuradas en grupo en línea con 35 alumnos (14 a 17 años) de la enseñanza secundaria. Se utilizó el software IRaMuTeQ para interpretar los datos. Los resultados se organizaron en seis clases: "Diario como estímulo para AF", "Estrategias para aumentar la motivación", "Elecciones y factores socioestructurales para AF", "Influencia del gusto y del incentivo para AF", "Reflexiones sobre metas y autoevaluación", "Monitoreo de la AF". Alumnos anteriormente inactivos o poco activos (identificados con el personaje del recurso didáctico) se sintieron más seguros para practicar AF (efecto positivo) con estrategias enseñadas en la intervención (diario de AF). Los estudiantes físicamente activos atribuyeron un efecto neutro a la intervención, pero valoraron las reflexiones críticas sobre las desigualdades sociales y la AF. Algunos estudiantes emplearon estrategias sencillas de autorregulación (metas graduales) de forma más consistente durante la intervención, mientras que otros no las emplearon porque: no eran intuitivas; les faltó motivación; se olvidaron de hacerlo. La intervención pedagógica parece ser eficaz para la enseñanza conceptual de las interfaces entre AF, psicología y sociedad.

Neste estudo, recorte de uma pesquisa de Doutorado, objetivou-se mapear os efeitos de uma intervenção pedagógica on-line ancorada em estratégias autorregulatórias de atividade física (AF) durante a pandemia em um colégio público. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo intervenção pedagógica com auxílio de recurso didático. Foram realizadas 8 entrevistas semiestruturadas em grupo on-line com 35 estudantes (14 a 17 anos) do Ensino Médio. Utilizou-se o software IRaMuTeQ para interpretar os dados. Os resultados foram organizados em seis classes: “Diário como estímulo para AF”, “Estratégias para aumentar a motivação”, “Escolhas e fatores socioestruturais para AF”, “Influência do gosto e do incentivo para AF”, “Reflexões sobre metas e autoavaliação”, “Monitoramento da AF”. Estudantes previamente inativos ou pouco ativos (identificados com o personagem do recurso didático) sentiram-se mais confiantes para praticar AF (efeito positivo) com estratégias ensinadas na intervenção (diário de AF). Estudantes ativos fisicamente atribuíram efeito neutro à intervenção, mas valorizaram as reflexões críticas sobre as desigualdades sociais e a AF. Alguns estudantes empregaram estratégias autorregulatórias simples (metas graduais) mais consistentemente durante a intervenção, enquanto outros não as empregaram por: não ser algo intuitivo; falta de motivação; esquecimento. A intervenção pedagógica parece ser eficaz para o ensino conceitual das interfaces entre AF, psicologia e sociedade.

ABSTRACT Integrated management is considered the best strategy to mitigate the damage caused by plant-parasitic nematodes. However, there is still limited information regarding some integrated techniques. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effects of genetic management associated with chemical control of Meloidogyne javanica in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) The experiment was installed in a greenhouse according to an 8×4 factorial design with eight replicates. The first factor was soybean cultivar (HO Juruena IPRO, resistant; Foco IPRO, HO Maracaí IPRO, and CZ 58B28 IPRO, moderately resistant; HO Mamoré IPRO, moderately susceptible; and Extrema IPRO, CZ 48B32 IPRO, and HO Aporé IPRO, susceptible). The second factor consisted of an untreated control and commercial nematicides based on abamectin, thiodicarb+imidacloprid, and fluopyram. Plants were inoculated with 2000 nematode eggs, and nematode and vegetative variables were evaluated at 65 d after inoculation. There was an interaction effect on nematode variables. Furthermore, there was an additive effect of genetic management and chemical control, mainly in resistant cultivars treated with thiodicarb+imidacloprid or fluopyram with controls of up to 69.90% and 96.86%, respectively. The application of fluopyram and the use of ‘HO Juruena IPRO’, ‘Foco IPRO’, or ‘HO Maracaí IPRO’ also contributed to the control of M. javanica. Vegetative variables were studied by analyzing product effects separately, but results were inconclusive.

Abstract This research aimed to produce and evaluate particleboard with pinus waste using two production methodologies. One applied to homogeneous panels (single layer) and another to heterogeneous panels (three layers). The panels were produced with an initial density of 0.550 g/cm³, with 10% polyurethane resin derived from castor oil (PUR) for the homogeneous panels and 12% for the heterogeneous ones. The pressing parameters were 5 MPa, with a temperature of 100 ºC and 10 min of pressing, with an interval of 30 s. The tests performed according to NBR 14810-2 (ABNT, 2018) standard. As a result, it was observed that the reorganization of the particles of the heterogeneous panels added to the increase of the adhesive were factors that improved the final properties of the panels, which are classified to be used as decoration objects and in the furniture industry, not obtaining classification of homogeneous panels.

Resumo Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo produzir e avaliar painéis aglomerados com resíduo de pinus medianteuma metodologia de produçãoaplicada para painéis homogêneos e outra para heterogêneos. Os painéis homogêneos e heterogêneos foram produzidos com densidade inicial de 0,550 g/cm³ e com 10% e 12% de resina de poliuretano derivado do óleo de mamona (PUR) respectivamente. Os parâmetros de prensagem foram de 5 MPa, com temperatura de 100 ºC e 10 min de prensagem, com um intervalo de 30 s. Os ensaios realizados seguiram a normativa NBR 14810-2 (ABNT, 2018). Observou-se que a reorganização das partículas dos painéis heterogêneos somada ao aumento do adesivo foram fatores que melhoraram as propriedades finais desses painéis, classificados para ser utilizados como objetos de decoração e na indústria moveleira, enquanto os painéis homogêneos não obtiveram classificação.

ABSTRACT Nematodes of the Meloidogyne genus are among the main limiting factors of world agricultural productivity. Its management is quite complex and alternative methods such as the use of extracts have been widely studied. This study aimed to evaluate the penetration and development of M. javanica in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) treated with Ascophyllum nodosum extract and assess this algal product and its nutrient components in nematode management. Experiment 1 comprised five sampling times (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 d after nematode inoculation) and three application methods (planting hole, foliar spraying, and untreated control). Soybean plants were inoculated with 2000 eggs+second-stage juveniles of M. javanica and treated with algal extract. Total nematode number, number of nematodes per developmental stage, and population density (nematodes g-1 root) were determined. Experiment 2 consisted of 11 treatments: Algal extract, N, K, P, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, combined nutrients, and untreated control. Soybean crops were evaluated for total nematode number, population density, gall index, plant height, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight. In Experiment 1, algal extract reduced nematode penetration, regardless of application method. There was a decrease in the total number of nematodes and number of nematode g-1 root by 83% and 56% in the application via furrow and 68% and 70% via foliar application, respectively. In Experiment 2, all nutrient treatments reduced at least one nematode parameter, with P, Ca, Mg, Fe, and combined nutrients (Trial 1) and algal extract, P, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe and combined nutrients (Trial 2) achieving 83% to 95% reductions in population density. Nutrient treatments positively influenced vegetative development, as a 20% increase in height for the nutrients A. nodosum, N, K, P, Ca, Mg, Cu and Fe. Ascophyllum nodosum and its nutrient components have potential in the management of M. javanica in soybean.

Abstract Introduction Laryngeal leukoplakia corresponds to a white lesion in the mucosa developed by the deposit of keratin in the epithelium, potentiated by chronic smoking. It is considered a preneoplastic lesion. Surgery is the most adopted treatment; however, non-surgical treatment is advocated by some authors. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin A in the management of vocal fold leukoplakia. Methods Patients with videolaryngoscopy diagnosis of vocal fold leukoplakia were selected. The endoscopic images were photographed and with the aid of the ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA), the proportion of the size of the leukoplakia was calculated. Eligible patients were prescribed 50,000U of vitamin A, twice daily for 2 months, at which point videolaryngostroboscopy was repeated for comparative analysis between pre and posttreatment. The efficacy of the treatment was classified as: outcome I – complete improvement of the lesion, outcome II – partial improvement, and outcome III – no difference or increased lesion size. Results Fifteen patients (eight women, seven men) were included, six of whom had bilateral lesions. Smoking was reported in 86.8% of patients. Complete improvement of the lesion was found in 7 cases (33.4%, outcome I), partial improvement in 6 (28.6%, outcome II), and worsening of the injury in 8 (38.1%, outcome III). Of the latter, 6 underwent microsurgery; histopathology indicated absence of dysplasia in 3, and mild dysplasia in 3. Conclusions In this study, the treatment with vitamin A at a dose of 100,000 IU daily for 2 months was effective in reducing the laryngeal leukoplakia size in 62% of cases.

Abstract Introduction Dysphonia and lower pitch after surgery of Reinke edema are common. They are caused especially due to chronic smoking but, probably, other factors should be associated. Objectives To evaluate the results of laryngeal microsurgery in patients with Reinke edema, following a standardized postoperative guidance protocol in our service. Methods Retrospective study. Thirty patients (3 males; 27 females) were included, 70% between 41 and 60 years old. The parameters analyzed in the pre- and postoperative (between 4 and 6 months) of patients undergoing laryngeal microsurgery for Reinke edema were: smoking, vocal symptoms, videolaryngostroboscopy, voice therapy, perceptual and acoustic vocal evaluation, histopathological report. Results Smoking was reported by 100% of the patients and maintained in the postoperative period by 80%. Complete improvement of symptoms in the postoperative period was reported by 43% of them, partial improvement by 40%, and maintenance by 17%. There was low adherence to voice therapy in the pre- and postsurgery. Postoperative videolaryngoscopy indicated congestion (19), atrophy and bowed vocal fold (1), subepithelial edema (2), and normal findings (8). The histological findings were subepithelial edema, enlargement of vessels, inflammation, epithelial hyperplasia, and thickening of the basement membrane. The perceptual and acoustic vocal analyzes indicated improvement of the analyzed parameters. Conclusions The maintenance of some vocal symptoms and laryngeal alterations in videolaryngoscopy after microsurgery of Reinke edema is frequent, even in patients who follow the recommendations of vocal rest and control of gastroesophageal reflux. Vocal symptoms are attributed to changes in the laryngeal mucosa caused by chronic smoking, aggravated by the maintenance of addiction in the postoperative period.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the current situation of sexual aggression and assess the adhesion to ambulatory care follow-up. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study involving female children and adolescents aged 0–19 years, treated at the Center for Multiprofessional Care of Sexual Violence of the General Hospital of Nova Iguaçu, from 2014 to 2018. RESULTS: Of the 453 children and adolescents, 264 (58.3%) were <14 years of age and 189 (41.7%) were 14–19 years of age. In both groups, 78% were black. School delay of >2 years was found in 15.6% of children in the age group <14 years and 40.5% of adolescents in the age group 14–19 years [p<0.001; OR=3.7 (2.1–65)]. In girls aged £13 years, abuse usually occurred at home (73.2%), which was perpetrated by one aggressor (91%) and known to the victim (91.2%). In adolescents aged ≥14 years, 84.1% of rapes occurred outside the home, practiced by one aggressor (74.8%), 57.8% were unknown, and in 91.2% of cases, there was use of physical force and/or verbal threats. The victims aged <14 years have 14 times more chance of experiencing aggression within the family setting [p<0.001; OR=14.3 (8.2–25.6)] and 16 times more chance of experiencing aggression from known persons [p<0.001; OR=16.2 (9.2–29.8)]. On the contrary, adolescents aged ≥14 years have three times more chance of being abused by more than one aggressor [p<0.001; OR=3.3 (1.8–6.1)]. CONCLUSION: Black girls, especially those aged <14 years, are in a situation of greater vulnerability for sexual violence, have less adhesion to follow-up, and often experience aggression in the household setting.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Estimar a prevalência da exposição ao vírus SARS-CoV-2 entre indivíduos vivendo em restrição de liberdade. MÉTODOS Foi realizado inquérito de soroprevalência com a população da penitenciária feminina do Centro de Progressão Penitenciária (CPP) do Butantan (município de São Paulo), entre 24 de junho e 20 de agosto de 2020. Nesse período, segundo a Secretaria de Administração Penitenciária (SAP), a positividade dos testes rápidos entre detentos variou de 65 a 78%. O método de avaliação utilizado no estudo foi o teste rápido “One Step COVID-19” (cromatografia), da empresa Wondfo, empregando-se também o método RT-PCR em participantes sintomáticos para confirmação do quadro viral. A população do estudo foi constituída por 879 reeducandas e 170 funcionários da instituição. RESULTADOS A prevalência de anticorpos totais (IgG/IgM) contra o vírus SARS-CoV-2 na população total de 1.049 participantes do estudo foi de 6,1%; entre a população de 879 reeducandas foi observada prevalência de 5,8% e entre os servidores da instituição, 7,5%. CONCLUSÃO Houve baixa prevalência de covid-19 no CPP do Butantan, o que se deve à implementação de medidas de prevenção simples na instituição, como o uso de máscaras (com trocas adequadas), ênfase na higiene, lavagem das mãos e distanciamento social, além de outras estratégias, como suspensão de visitas de familiares e amigos das reeducandas, cortes de consultas médicas eletivas e do trabalho externo.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus among individuals living in restricted freedom. METHODS A seroprevalence survey was carried out with the population of the female penitentiary of the Centro de Progressão Penitenciária (CPP) in Butantan (municipality of São Paulo), between June 24 and August 20, 2020. During this period, according to the Secretariat of Penitentiary Administration (SAP), the positivity of rapid tests among inmates ranged from 65% to 78%. The evaluation method used in the study was the “One Step COVID-19” rapid test (chromatography), from the company Wondfo, also using the RT-PCR method in symptomatic participants to confirm the viral condition. The study population consisted of 879 female inmates and 170 employees of the institution. RESULTS The prevalence of total antibodies (IgG/IgM) against the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the total population of 1049 study participants was 6.1%; among the population of 879 inmates,a prevalence of 5.8% was observed, and among the institution’s employees, 7.5%. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of covid-19 at the Butantan CPP was low, which is due to the implementation of simple prevention measures at the institution, such as the use of masks (with appropriate changes), emphasis on hygiene, hand washing and social distancing, in addition to other strategies, such as suspending inmates’ visits from relatives and friends and cutting back on elective medical appointments and outside work.

RESUMO Objetivos: compreender o significado atribuído pelas mulheres ao diagnóstico de sífilis e sífilis congênita, ao tratamento e acompanhamento ambulatorial da criança. Métodos: estudo qualitativo conduzido com 30 mães de crianças com sífilis congênita, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, audiogravadas e submetidas a Análise Temática Indutiva. Adotou-se, por referencial teórico, o Interacionismo Simbólico. Resultados: dois temas emergiram e revelaram que o diagnóstico materno foi permeado por choque, culpa e medo da exclusão social, além de frustração ante o insucesso em evitar a transmissão vertical. Ainda, os procedimentos clínicos dolorosos para tratamento da criança potencializaram a culpa materna, e o processo simbólico de ressignificação da doença/tratamento aconteceu com a cura da criança. Considerações Finais: a compreensão dos aspectos intersubjetivos envolvidos nessa experiência instrumentaliza o enfermeiro para repensar sua prática assistencial e contribui para seu maior protagonismo no contexto da sífilis.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to understand the meanings attributed by women to the diagnosis and treatment of syphilis and congenital syphilis, and to outpatient follow-up of their children. Methods: this is a qualitative study conducted with 30 mothers of children with congenital syphilis using audio-recorded semi-structured interviews, which were submitted to inductive thematic analysis. Symbolic interactionism was the theoretical framework considered in this study. Results: two themes were identified, showing the maternal diagnosis involved shock, guilt, and fear of social exclusion, in addition to frustration due to failure to prevent vertical transmission. Moreover, the painful clinical procedures for the child’s treatment enhanced maternal guilt, and the symbolic process of re-signification of the disease/treatment took place with the child’s healing. Final Considerations: understanding the intersubjective aspects involved in this experience helps nurses rethink their care practice and contributes to their critical role in the context of syphilis.

RESUMEN Objetivos: comprender el significado atribuido por las mujeres al diagnóstico de sífilis y sífilis congénita, al tratamiento y seguimiento ambulatorio del niño. Métodos: estudio cualitativo realizado con 30 madres de niños con sífilis congénita mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, grabadas en audio y sometidas a Análisis Temático Inductivo. Se adoptó como referencial teórico el Interaccionismo Simbólico. Resultados: surgieron dos temas revelando que el diagnóstico materno fue teñido por shock, culpa y miedo a la exclusión social, además de frustración frente al fracaso que no permitió evitar la transmisión vertical. También los procedimientos clínicos dolorosos para el tratamiento de los niños potenciaron la culpa maternal, y el proceso simbólico de resignificación de la enfermedad/tratamiento se dio con la cura del niño. Consideraciones Finales: la comprensión de los aspectos intersubjetivos involucrados en esta experiencia instrumentan al enfermero para reconsiderar su práctica asistencial y contribuye a un mayor protagonismo en el contexto de la sífilis.

O enfrentamento adequado de pandemias requer forte articulação entre atenção primária à saúde (APS) e vigilância em saúde, atenção garantida às demandas agudas e crônicas e vinculação com a dimensão comunitária no âmbito das unidades básicas de saúde (UBS). O objetivo deste artigo é contrastar dois padrões extremos de desempenho da APS no enfrentamento da COVID-19 no Brasil, cotejando-os com os perfis dos respectivos municípios e características da organização dos serviços. A partir dos resultados de inquérito nacional transversal com amostra representativa das UBS, foi criado um índice sintético de desempenho da APS em relação à COVID-19, denominado CPI, composto pelos eixos de vigilância e apoio social (dimensão coletiva) e de atendimento ao paciente com COVID-19 e continuidade do cuidado (dimensão individual). Das 907 UBS pesquisadas, foram selecionadas 120, sendo a metade com os maiores índices encontrados (padrão completo) e a outra com os menores (padrão restrito). Os municípios das UBS com padrão completo são preponderantemente rurais, com baixo Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM), alta cobertura da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) e destacam-se na dimensão coletiva, enquanto as UBS nesse mesmo padrão situadas em municípios urbanos apresentam alto IDHM, baixa cobertura de ESF, com ênfase na dimensão individual. No padrão restrito, destaca-se a reduzida atuação de agentes comunitários de saúde no território. Na Região Nordeste, predominam UBS com padrão completo, enquanto na Sudeste preponderam UBS com padrão restrito. O estudo apresenta questões que remetem ao papel e à organização da APS na rede de cuidados em situações que requerem pronta resposta aos agravos de saúde e indica maior capacidade potencial da ESF em tais situações.

El enfrentamiento adecuado de las pandemias requiere una fuerte articulación entre atención primaria de salud (APS) y la vigilancia en salud, una atención garantizada a las demandas agudas y crónicas y la vinculación con la dimensión comunitaria en el ámbito de las unidades básicas de salud (UBS). El objetivo de este artículo es contrastar dos patrones extremos de desempeño de la APS en el enfrentamiento del COVID-19 en Brasil, comparándolos con los perfiles de los respectivos municipios y características de la organización de los servicios. A partir de los resultados de una encuesta nacional transversal con una muestra representativa de las UBS fue creado un índice sintético de desempeño de la APS frente al COVID-19, denominado CPI, compuesto por los ejes de vigilancia y apoyo social (dimensión colectiva) y de atención al COVID-19 y continuidad de la atención (dimensión individual). De las 907 UBS investigadas, se seleccionaron 120, siendo la mitad con los índices más grandes encontrados (estándar completo) y la otra con los más bajos (estándar estricto). Los municipios de las UBS con estándar completo son preponderantemente rurales, con bajo índice de desarrollo humano municipal (IDHM), alta cobertura de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF) y se destacan en la dimensión colectiva, mientras que las UBS en este mismo estándar situadas en municipios urbanos presentan alto IDHM, baja cobertura de ESF, con énfasis en la dimensión individual. En el estándar estricto, se destaca la reducida actuación de los agentes comunitarios de salud en el territorio. En la región Nordeste predominan las UBS con estándar completo, mientras que en el Sureste predominan las UBS con un estándar estricto. El estudio aporta cuestiones que remiten al papel y organización de la APS en la red de atención en situaciones que requieren respuesta rápida a los problemas de salud e indica una mayor capacidad potencial de la ESF en tales situaciones.

The adequate fight against pandemics requires effective coordination between primary health care (PHC) and health surveillance, guaranteed attention to acute and chronic demands, and a bond with the community dimension in the scope of basic health units (UBS, acronym in Portuguese). This study aims to contrast two extreme standards of PHC performance in the fight against COVID-19 in Brazil, comparing them with the profiles of the corresponding municipalities and characteristics of the organization of services. Based on the results of a cross-sectional national survey with a representative sample of UBSs, we created a synthetic index to evaluate how PHC performs against COVID-19 called CPI, composed of axes of health surveillance and social support (collective dimension) and of COVID-19 care and continuity of care (individual dimension). Of the 907 surveyed UBSs, 120 were selected, half of which had the highest indexes (complete standard) and the other half, the lowest ones (restricted standard). The municipalities of the UBSs with a complete standard are predominantly rural, have low Municipal Health Development Index (MHDI), high Family Health Strategy (FHS) coverage, and stand out in the collective dimension, whereas the UBSs in urban municipalities with this same standard have high MHDI, low FHS coverage, and an emphasis on the individual dimension. In the restricted standard, we highlight community health workers’ reduced work in the territory. In the Brazilian Northeast, UBSs with complete standard predominate, whereas, in its Southeast, UBSs with restricted standard predominate. The study poses questions that refer to the role and organization of PHC in the health care network under situations that require prompt response to health issues and indicates the greater potential capacity of the FHS program in such situations.

Resumo Este artigo analisa as ofertas de cuidado da APS na cidade de Campinas-SP, durante a pandemia de COVID-19, tendo as mudanças no processo de trabalho como um guia condutor. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa descritiva de caráter qualitativo, incluindo observação participante e entrevistas em profundidade com trabalhadores e usuários de quatro Unidades Básicas de Saúde (de junho/2021 a janeiro/2022). As análises apontam uma diferença significativa entre o primeiro e o segundo ano da pandemia. No primeiro momento, houve desorganização das estratégias de cuidado e restrição do atendimento aos casos de COVID-19. Já no segundo ano, foram retomadas atividades como visitas domiciliares e atendimentos de rotina, que, somadas ao agravamento do contexto sociossanitário e às novas demandas, como a vacinação, provocaram sobrecarga de trabalho e acirramento das relações entre profissionais e usuários. Além disso, constatou-se a fragilização dos espaços coletivos e de cogestão, tanto no nível da gestão municipal, quanto em reuniões de equipe e espaços de participação social. A retomada de tais espaços e o cuidado aos trabalhadores desgastados por esse período constituem-se desafios para a Atenção Primária em Saúde no contexto pós-pandemia.

Abstract This article examines supply of Primary Health Care in the city of Campinas (São Paulo state) during the COVID-19 pandemic, taking changes in the work process as its guide. This descriptive, qualitative study included participant observation and in-depth interviews of workers and users at four PHC facilities, from June 2021 to January 2022. The analyses found significant differences between the first and second years of the pandemic. At first, care strategies were disorganised and care for COVID-19 cases, limited. In the second year, home visits and routine care were resumed. This, added to the worsening social and public health context and new demands, such as vaccination, caused overwork and strained relations between health personnel and users. Also, collective and co-management arrangements were found to weaken, both at the municipal management level and at staff meetings and for social participation. In the post-pandemic context, Primary Health Care is challenged to restore these arrangements and care for health workers exhausted by the pandemic.

Abstract The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a propolis hydroalcoholic solution with glycine on the reduction of microorganisms and helminth eggs removal in lettuce leaves. Three experimental groups were evaluated in triplicate or replicates: microbiological (ME), parasitological (PE), and microbiological and parasitological (MPE). Before the experiments, the initial concentration of the native microbiota was assessed by counting mesophilic aerobes, molds and yeasts, using conventional microbiological techniques. Lettuce leaves were washed in tap water and subjected to different immersion treatments: propolis hydroalcoholic solution (PHS), propolis hydroalcoholic solution at pH 5.5 (PHS2), and propolis hydroalcoholic solution with glycine (PHS-glycine). In ME, propolis hydroalcoholic solution combined or not with glycine, was evaluated on the reduction of native microbiota. Residual microbiological contamination was assessed. In the PE, the effect of PHS2 and PHS-glycine was evaluated on the removal of a known number of Ascaris suum eggs on leaves artificially contaminated. In MPE, PHS-glycine was evaluated on the reduction of native microbiota and removal of eggs. A reduction of more than 2 log CFU/g was observed in ME. In PE, PHS-glycine removed 37.22% of eggs. In MPE, the PHS-glycine reduced 3.3 CFU/g of mesophilic aerobes, 5.0 log CFU/g of fungi, and 35.53% of eggs from vegetables. The results highlighted the solution’s efficiency in reducing or eliminating different contaminants in vegetables and reinforced the need for the development of hygiene methods that do not harm human health and are reproducible at the household level.

Resumo O principal objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia da solução hidroalcoólica de própolis com glicina na redução de microrganismos e na remoção de ovos de helmintos em folhas de alface. Três grupos experimentais foram avaliados em triplicata ou réplicas: microbiológico (ME), parasitológico (PE) e microbiológico e parasitológico (MPE). Antes dos experimentos, a concentração inicial da microbiota nativa foi avaliada quanto à contagem de aeróbios mesófilos, fungos e leveduras, usando técnicas microbiológicas convencionais. As folhas de alface foram lavadas em água da torneira e submetidas a diferentes tratamentos de imersão: em solução hidroalcoólica de própolis (SHP), em solução hidroalcoólica de própolis com pH 5,5 (SHP2) e em solução hidroalcoólica de própolis com glicina (SHP-glicina). No ME, a solução hidroalcoólica de própolis combinada ou não com glicina foi avaliada na redução da microbiota nativa. A contaminação microbiológica residual foi avaliada. No PE, o efeito de SHP2 e SHP-glicina foi avaliado na remoção de um número conhecido de ovos de Ascaris suum em folhas artificialmente contaminadas. No MPE, a SHP-glicina foi avaliada na redução da microbiota nativa e na remoção de ovos. Uma redução de mais de 2 log UFC/g foi observada no ME. No PE, SHP-glicina removeu 37,22% dos ovos. No MPE, a SHP-glicina reduziu 3,3 UFC/g de aeróbios mesófilos, 5,0 log UFC/g de fungos e 35,53% dos ovos nos vegetais. Os resultados destacam a eficiência da solução na redução ou eliminação de diferentes contaminantes em vegetais e reforçam a necessidade do desenvolvimento de métodos de higienização que não prejudiquem a saúde humana e sejam reproduzíveis em nível doméstico.

Abstract Background Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is defined as worsening renal function, represented by an increase in serum creatinine of ≥ 25% or ≥ 0.5 mg/dL up to 72 h after exposure to iodinated contrast medium (ICM). The most effective preventive measure to date is intravenous hydration (IVH). Little is known about the effectiveness of outpatient oral hydration (OH). Objetive To investigate whether outpatient OH with water is as effective as IVH with 0.9% saline solution in preventing CIN in elective coronary procedures. Methods In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed the medical records and laboratory data of individuals undergoing percutaneous coronary procedures with ICM. Data collected between 2012 and 2015 refer to individuals who underwent IVH and those collected between 2016 and 2020 (after implementation of an OH protocol) correspond to individuals who underwent OH at home before and after coronary procedures as instructed by the nursing team. Statistical significance was established at α = 0.05. Results In total, 116 patients were included in this study: 58 in the IVH group and 58 in the OH group. An incidence of CIN of 15% (9/58) was observed in the group that received IVH and an incidence of 12% (7/58) was seen in the group that received OH (p = 0.68). Conclusion The OH protocol, performed by the patient, appears to be as effective as the in-hospital IVH protocol for the renal protection of individuals susceptible to CIN in elective coronary interventions. These findings should be put to test in larger trials.

Resumo Fundamento A nefropatia induzida por contraste (NIC) é definida como deterioração da função renal, representada por um aumento da creatinina sérica ≥25% ou ≥0,5 mg/dL até 72 horas após a exposição ao meio de contraste iodado (MCI). A medida preventiva mais eficaz até o momento é a hidratação venosa (HV). Pouco se sabe sobre a eficácia da hidratação oral (HO) ambulatorial. Objetivo Investigar se a HO ambulatorial com água é tão eficaz quanto a HV com solução salina a 0,9% na prevenção de NIC em procedimentos coronarianos eletivos. Métodos Neste estudo observacional retrospectivo, foram analisados prontuários médicos e dados laboratoriais para coletar dados de indivíduos submetidos a procedimentos coronarianos percutâneos com MCI. Os dados coletados entre 2012 e 2015 avaliaram indivíduos que foram submetidos à HV e entre 2016 e 2020 (após a implementação de um protocolo de HO), os indivíduos que foram submetidos à HO em casa antes e depois de procedimentos coronarianos, conforme orientação da equipe de enfermagem. A significância estatística adotada foi de α=0,05. Resultados No total, 116 pacientes foram incluídos neste estudo, 58 no grupo HV e 58 no grupo HO. Observou-se incidência de NIC de 15% (9/58) no grupo que recebeu HV e 12% (7/58) no grupo que recebeu HO (p=0,68). Conclusão O protocolo de HO realizado pelo paciente parece ser tão eficaz quanto o protocolo de HV hospitalar na proteção renal de indivíduos suscetíveis a desenvolver NIC em intervenções coronarianas eletivas. Essas descobertas devem ser testadas em ensaios mais abrangentes.

BACKGROUND Recurrence is a hallmark of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT), and conditions that influence its occurrence remain a challenge. Natural killer cells (NK) are effectors cells whose primary is cytotoxic function against many parasites, including Toxoplasma gondii. Among the NK cell receptors, immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) deserve attention due to their high polymorphism. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyse the influence of KIR gene polymorphism in the course of OT infection and its association with recurrences after an active episode. METHODS Ninety-six patients from the Ophthalmologic Clinic of the National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas were followed for up to five years. After DNA extraction, genotyping of the patients was performed by polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific oligonucleotide (PCR-SSO) utilising Luminex equipment for reading. During follow-up, 60.4% had a recurrence. FINDINGS We identified 25 KIR genotypes and found a higher frequency of genotype 1 (31.7%) with worldwide distribution. We note that the KIR2DL2 inhibitor gene and the gene activator KIR2DS2 were more frequent in patients without recurrence. Additionally, we observed that individuals who carry these genes progressed recurrence episodes slowly compared to individuals who do not carry these genes. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The KIR2DL2 and KIR2DS2 are associated as possible protection markers against ocular toxoplasmosis recurrence (OTR).