ABSTRACT. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of vegetative canopy height on the agronomic characteristics and grape must and wine physicochemical properties of a ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ vineyard in an espalier-trained system. The evaluated parameters comprised agronomic characteristics of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapevines and physicochemical compositions of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ musts and wines, as well as their phenolic compositions (anthocyanins, stilbenes, and flavonoids), and impact on wine contents of methoxypyrazines (volatile compounds that impart vegetal or earthy odors to wine, which are considered undesirable in large intensity). To that end, four heights of the vegetative canopy were tested: 60 cm (T1), 80 cm (T2), 100 cm (T3), and 120 cm (T4). The experiment was carried out in a commercial vineyard in the region of “Campanha Gaúcha” (Dom Pedrito, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil) during the productive cycles of 2015/16, 2016/17, 2017/18, and 2018/19. The main agronomic parameters were measured: estimated productivity per plant and hectare, and mean weight and number of clusters. All wines were elaborated by the same traditional winemaking methods. The physicochemical analyses of must and wines were performed by infrared spectroscopy using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), and the phenolic analysis by high-efficiency liquid chromatography and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Methoxypyrazines were quantified using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that treatments did not influence agronomic parameters. However, technological maturation (sugar accumulation) had interesting results for plants managed at higher canopy heights, with respective results obtained for wine. Treatments had little influence on individual quantification of anthocyanins, although cycles had a high influence on their profile. The wines had low concentrations of methoxypyrazines and did not differ among treatments.

ABSTRACT: The physicochemical characterization, antioxidant potential and phenolic composition of fruits of six genotypes (BB3, BB4, BB6, PW1, PW2 and PW5) and seven commercial cultivars (Bluebelle, Bluegem, Briteblue, Climax, Delite, Powderblue and Woodard) were carried out of blueberry, from the 2019/2020 production cycle. Color, soluble solids content, pH, titratable acidity, antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS), total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins and individual anthocyanins were analyzed. In general, all genotypes and cultivars are rich in phytochemicals. The genotypes PW1, PW2, PW5, BB3 and the cultivars Bluegem, Briteblue, Climax and Delite stand out. Thus, the blueberry genotypes in this study are considered as promising for the food industry and also for fresh consumption as commercial cultivars already consolidated in the fruit market, in view of the excellent phenolic composition present in these small fruits.

RESUMO: Fez-se a caracterização físico-química, potencial antioxidante e composição fenólica de frutos de seis genótipos (BB3, BB4, BB6, PW1, PW2 e PW5) e sete cultivares comerciais (Bluebelle, Bluegem, Briteblue, Climax, Delite, Powderblue e Woodard) de mirtileiro, oriundos do ciclo de produção 2019/2020. Analisou-se a cor, teor de sólidos solúveis, o pH, a acidez titulável, atividade antioxidante (DPPH e ABTS), compostos fenólicos totais, flavonoides totais, antocianinas totais e antocianinas individuais. De modo geral, todos os genótipos e cultivares são ricos em compostos fitoquímicos. Como destaque, estão os genótipos PW1, PW2, PW5, BB3 e as cultivares Bluegem, Briteblue, Climax e Delite. Assim, os genótipos de mirtileiro do presente estudo, são considerados tão promissores para a indústria alimentícia e também para o consumo in natura quanto as cultivares comerciais já consolidadas no mercado da fruticultura, tendo em vista a excelente composição fenólica presente nestes pequenos frutos.

Resumo Introdução Embora os instrutores de academias de ginástica estejam ligados à saúde e ao bem-estar, esse grupo de trabalhadores apresenta características específicas que podem favorecer o surgimento de distúrbios osteomusculares em suas rotinas ocupacionais. Objetivo Verificar a prevalência de dor no joelho, dor lombar e dor incapacitante e sua associação com variáveis sociodemográficas, nutricional e ocupacionais em instrutores de academias de ginástica da cidade de Pelotas, Brasil. Método Censo realizado com todos os profissionais atuantes nas academias da cidade (n=497). Foi realizada análise bruta e ajustada (regressão de Poisson), considerando as variáveis de exposição “sexo”, “idade”, “renda”, “atividade física ocupacional”, “anos de trabalho como profissional de academia” e “modalidade ministrada”. As variáveis desfecho foram dor no joelho, dor lombar e dor incapacitante. Resultados A dor incapacitante acometeu 20,9% dos profissionais e esteve associada com a função de ministrar aulas de ginástica e com o maior tempo de trabalho em academia. Metade dos entrevistados referiu sentir dor lombar no último ano, sendo associado à idade (inversamente), ao sexo feminino e ministrar aulas de Pilates. A dor no joelho acometeu, no último ano, 41,5% dos profissionais, havendo associação significativa com a idade (inversamente) e o tempo de trabalho em academia. Conclusão Conclui-se que os instrutores das academias de ginástica tiveram uma alta prevalência dos três desfechos analisados. O tempo de trabalho em academia, o sexo feminino, idade, profissionais de Pilates e de ginástica estiveram associados com maiores prevalências das dores investigadas.

Abstract Background Although gym club instructors are closely linked to health and well-being, this group of workers shows specific characteristics that may favor the involvement in musculoskeletal disorders in their occupational routines. Objective To identify the prevalence of knee, low back, and disabling pain and their association with sociodemographic, nutritional, and occupational variables in instructors from gym clubs in the city of Pelotas, southern Brazil. Method A census-type study was carried out with all professionals working at gym clubs (n=497). Crude and multivariable analyses were performed considering “sex”, “age”, “income”, “occupational physical activity”, “time working at the gym clubs” and “modality performed” as exposures. Outcomes were disabling pain, and knee and low back pain. Results The disabling pain affected 20.9% of the workers and was associated with the gym clubs modality performed and with the working longest time in the gym clubs. Half of the professionals related to low back pain in the previous year. This outcome was associated with the age (inversely), of females and Pilates instructors. The knee pains affected, in the last year, 41.5% of the professionals; there was a significant association between age (inversely) and time of work in the gym clubs. Conclusion The instructors had a high prevalence of the three outcomes analyzed. Those who have been working longer time at gym clubs, women, youngers, Pilates, or gymnastic instructors were at an increased risk of presenting the outcomes.

Resumo A qualidade sensorial dos azeites é influenciada pela diversidade e pela concentração de compostos voláteis e não voláteis que variam conforme a cultivar e as condições edafoclimáticas e de cultivo, o que permite estabelecer a procedência do produto. Além disso, por se tratar de uma cultura introduzida recentemente no Brasil, pouco se sabe sobre o desempenho das cultivares nas regiões onde o investimento nessa atividade vem sendo feito. Dessa forma, são apresentados e discutidos, nesta revisão, aspectos relevantes sobre a qualidade química e sensorial dos azeites de oliva e como esses aspectos influenciam a identidade do produto.

Abstract The sensory quality of olive oils is influenced by the diversity and concentration of volatile and non-volatile compounds that vary according to cultivar, and edaphic, climatic, and cultivation conditions, which allows for establishing the origin of the product. In addition, since this crop has been recently introduced in Brazil, little is known about the performance of cultivars in this region, where investments in this activity have been made. Thus, relevant aspects about the chemical and sensory quality of olive oils are presented and discussed, as well as how these aspects influence the identity of the product.

Abstract In the elaboration of young red wine, it is necessary to obtain a clear product with stable color. The clarity and stability can be obtained using fining agents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of fining with pea protein isolate (PPI), bentonite, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPP) on a red wine, using the experimental design of mixtures. Merlot wine was used to evaluate the changes on monomeric flavan-3-ol, turbidity and anthocyanin levels promoted by the fining compounds. For all the parameters, the adjusted models showed influence of the combination of the three fining agents. Together, bentonite and PVPP have synergistic effect on the reduction in monomeric flavanol levels. Such synergistic effect was also observed with PPI and PVPP combination for the reduction in turbidity. However, for this same characteristic (turbidity), the combination of PPI and bentonite has antagonistic effect. To achieve broader wine fining objectives, the simultaneous optimization of the three response variables demonstrated the importance of the presence of the three refining agents in the following proportions: 25% PPI, 43% PVPP and 32% Bentonite. The isolated use of these additives would not result in the same effect on the three studied variables.

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to describe an experimental protocol to evaluate how a structured exercise program can impact on the health of people with epilepsy. Methods: For this purpose, a randomized control trial will be conducted in the city of Pelotas, southern Brazil. Participants will be randomized into two groups: 1) Control- maintain usual activities, and 2) Exercise- a structured exercise program, with two 60-minute sessions per week, for 12 weeks. The intervention will be composed by warm-up (5-minutes), moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (15-20 minutes, performed on a treadmill), resistance training (2-3 sets, 10-15 repetitions), and 5-minutes of stretching exercises. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical information, cognitive function, anthropometric measurements (weight, height, hip and waist circumferences), cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), and strength (dynamometer) will be measured at baseline and 12-week post-intervention. Participants will receive a diary to record their seizures throughout the study. Results: A structured exercise program is expected to generate beneficial health effects, and the results can assist in health professionals’ clinical practice for people with epilepsy.

Abstract Due mainly to the taste and appearance, the strawberry stands out in relation to the other fruits. and for the presence of antioxidant compounds. However, little attention has been devoted to the impact of abiotic stresses on the quality of strawberry and its agronomic performance. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of two levels of DS (L1 - 70% and L2 - 50% of crop evapotranspiration) on the quality of strawberry fruit and on some agronomic and physiological variables. There was a dose-dependent reduction in the evaluated agronomic variables in the DS plants, and the content of some minerals in the fruit and leaves was modified. The activities of the oxidative enzymes were higher in the fruit of L2 treatment, and the content of sucrose, reduced sugars, phenolic compounds and the total antioxidant activity were increased in the fruit from L2 treatment; while those of anthocyanins and L-ascorbic acid were reduced in L1 and L2 treatments, respectively. The phenylalanine ammonia lyase gene was upregulated and other genes related to phenylpropanoid and ascorbate pathways were downregulated in the fruit of stressed plants. Thus, our results indicate that DS seems to be a promising strategy to improve the content of antioxidant compounds and sugars.

RESUMO Modificações nas quantidades de certas proteínas têm proporcionado vários estudos, dentre elas as denominadas heat shock proteins (HSP), que possuem muitas formas, sendo a maioria constitutiva. Entretanto, outras formas são induzíveis por algum determinado fator estressante. Dessa forma, tomateiro Micro-Tom vem sendo considerado como um modelo para estudos experimentais, pois possui características que o tornam adequado, tais como porte reduzido, tempo de geração curto, e facilidade de transformação. Assim, avaliaram-se o crescimento e os componentes de produção em plantas de tomate ‘Micro-Tom’ transformadas para diferentes níveis de HSPs mitocondrial (MT-sHSP23.6). Plantas de três genótipos de tomate ‘Micro-Tom’ (não transformados, transformados com superexpressão e com silenciamento da expressão) foram cultivadas em condições controladas de temperatura, fotoperíodo e densidade de fluxo de fótons. Para a obtenção dos dados, foram efetuadas coletas sucessivas a intervalos regulares de tempo (21 dias) ao longo do ciclo de desenvolvimento das plantas, iniciando as coletas a partir do 21º dia após o transplante (DAT). A matéria seca total, área foliar, partição de massa seca entre órgãos da planta e os componentes da produção dos três genótipos foram determinados. Com a interpretação dos resultados verificou-se que as plantas transformadas com superexpressão da MT-sHSP23.6 apresentaram maior capacidade produtiva, considerando a massa fresca dos frutos, mas em geral os dados indicaram que a transformação genética não acarretou grandes mudanças no crescimento, pois os três genótipos tiveram comportamento similar.

ABSTRACT Changes to the amounts of certain proteins have resulted in several studies, among them the so-called heat shock proteins (HSP), which take many forms, most of them constitutive. However, other forms may be inducible by a particular stress factor. The ‘Micro-Tom’ tomato is considered a model for experimental studies due to having suitable characteristics, such as reduced size, short generation time, and ease of transformation. Growth and production components were therefore evaluated in ‘Micro-Tom’ tomato plants transformed for different levels of mitochondrial HSP (MT-sHSP23.6). Plants from genotypes of the ‘Micro-Tom’ tomato (untransformed, and transformed with overexpression and with expression silencing) were grown under controlled conditions of temperature, photoperiod and photon flux density. To obtain the data, successive collections were carried out at regular intervals (21 days) throughout the development cycle of the plants, starting from the 21st day after transplanting (DAT). Total dry matter, leaf area, dry-weight partitioning between the plant organs, and production components were determined in the three genotypes. From interpretation of the results, it was found that plants transformed with overexpression of MT-sHSP23.6 displayed greater production capacity, considering the fresh weight of the fruit; but in general, the data showed that genetic transformation did not bring about major changes in growth, since the three genotypes displayed similar behaviour.

Abstract The extraction was performed using an autolysis process where enzymes degrade cell structures and release the cytoplasmic contents to the extracellular medium. The autolysis process was carried out in shake flasks with different agitation speeds (50 - 350 rpm) and the concentration of sodium bicarbonate (50 -350 mM NaHCO3) at 40 ° C for 24 hours, using a central composite design adapted for two variables and five levels and response surface methodology (RSM) and canonical analysis to define the optimal conditions of extraction of invertase S. cerevisiae from peach puree (ISc). In great condition extraction, we studied the effect of the liofilization and purified in the invertase activity using colorimetric method of 3,5-dinitrosalicílico (DNS) at 490 nm to monitor their activity. One unit (U) defined as 1 mg glicose.min-1. Protein concentrations were determined by Lowry and invertase comercial yeast (ICY). The influence of concentration NaHCO3 and stirring speed to extract the enzyme invertase showed linear effect, quadratic and interactive. The polynomial model of second order could explain the extraction phenomenon of invertase with R2 of 0.80, with significantly dependent on both variables activity. The maximum extraction was observed in the experimental center point (200 mM NaHCO3 and 200 rpm) with an activity of 14.7 U.mg-1. The stationary point is a point of maximum extraction, differing by at least 10% of the experimental center point. Based on these characteristics, the optimal conditions for extraction of S. cerevisiae invertase from peach puree (ISc) are 200 mM NaHCO3 as autolysis agent, 200 rpm orbital shaking at 40ºC for 24 hours and freeze-dried using biomass. Ethanol is more effective than acetone for recovery of specific activity.

Resumen La extracción fue realizada a través de un proceso de autolisis, donde las enzimas degradan las estructuras celulares y liberan el contenido citoplasmático al medio extracelular. El proceso de autolisis fue realizado en shaker con diferentes velocidades de agitación (50 - 350 rpm) y concentraciones de bicarbonato de sodio (50 -350 mM NaHCO3) a 40 °C por 24 horas, usando un diseño experimental compuesto central adaptado para dos variables y cinco niveles, así como una metodología de superficie de respuest a (MSR) y análisis canónico para definir las condiciones óptimas de extracción de invertasa de S. cerevisiae aislada de puré de durazno (ISc). En la condición optima de extracción, se estudió el efecto de la liofilización y purificación en la actividad de la invertasa, usando el método colorimétrico del ácido 3,5-dinitrosalicílico (DNS) a 490 nm para acompañar su actividad expresada en unidades. Una unidad (U) es definida como 1 mg glucosa.min-1. El valor de proteínas fue cuantificado por el método Lowry y la invertasa de levadura comercial (ILC) como testigo. La influencia de la concentración de NaHCO3 y de la velocidad de agitación en la extracción de la enzima invertasa indicó efecto lineal, cuadrático e interactivo. El modelo de forma polinómica de segundo orden explicó el fenómeno de extracción de la invertasa con un R2 de 0,80, y con actividad significativamente dependiente de ambas variables. La máxima extracción fue observada en el punto central experimental (200 mM NaHCO3 y 200 rpm) con una actividad de 14,7 U.mg-1. El punto estacionario es un punto de máxima extracción, el cual difiere en menos de 10% del punto central experimental. De acuerdo a estas características, las óptimas condiciones para extracción de la invertasa de S. cerevisiae aislada de puré de durazno son 200 mM NaHCO3 como agente de autolisis, 200 rpm de agitación orbital a 40oC durante 24 horas y usando una biomasa de levaduras liofilizadas. El etanol es más efectivo que la acetona para la recuperación de la actividad específica.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar vinhos 'Cabernet Sauvignon' elaborados com uvas produzidas na região de Bagé, RS, durante três safras. Um delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso foi realizado com três tratamentos e três repetições. As avaliações foram feitas para as safras de 2004, 2007 e 2008. Os vinhos 'Cabernet Sauvignon' das safras 2004, 2008 e 2009 diferiram quanto aos seguintes parâmetros: densidade, teor alcoólico, acidez total, pH, açúcares redutores, DO 420, 520 e 620, intensidade de cor, antocianinas totais, polifenóis totais, sódio, cálcio, magnésio, manganês, cobre, ferro, rubídio, fósforo, metanol, propanol, 2-methyl-l-propanol, 2,3 - methyl-l-butanol e soma de álcoois. 'Cabernet Sauvignon' tem potencial de ser produzida na região de Bagé e contribuir para que ela venha a se tornar um polo vinícola no Brasil.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to characterize 'Cabernet Sauvignon' wines made from grapes cultivated in the region of Bagé, RS, Brazil, during three crop seasons. A randomized complete block design was carried out with three treatments and three replicates.The evaluations were performed for the 2004, 2007, and 2008 growing seasons. 'Cabernet Sauvignon' wines of the 2004, 2008, and 2009 harvests differed for the following parameters: density, alcoholic content, total acidity, pH, reducing sugars, OD 420, 520, and 620, color intensity, total anthocyanins, total polyphenols, sodium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, copper, iron, rubidium, phosphorus, methanol, propanol, 2-methyl-l-propanol, 2, 3 - methyl-l-butanol, and sum of alcohols. 'Cabernet Sauvignon' has potential to be produced in the Bagé region, and to help it to become a wine growing region in Brazil.

Abstract The identification of yeasts isolated from spoiled Jubileu peach puree using the API 20C AUX method and a commercial yeast as witness were studied. Subsequently, the yeast’s growth potential using two batch culture treatments were performed to evaluate number of colonies (N), reducing sugar concentration (RS), free-invertase (FI), and culture-invertase activity (CI). Stock cultures were maintained on potato dextrose agar (PDA) slants at 4 °C and pH 5 for later use for batch-culture (150 rpm) at 30°C for 24 h, then they were stored at 4 °C for subsequent invertase extraction. The FI extract was obtained using NaHCO3 as autolysis agent, and CI activity was determined on the supernatant after batch-cultured centrifugation. The activity was followed by an increase in absorbance at 490 nm using the acid 3,5-DNS method with glucose standard. Of the four yeasts identified, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was chosen for legal reasons. It showed logarithmic growth up to 18 h of fermentation with positive correlation CI activity and inverse with RS. FI showed greater activity by the end of the log phase and an inverse correlation with CI activity. Finally, it was concluded that treatment “A” is more effective than “B” to produce invertase (EC 3.2.1.26).

RESUMO As mulheres na menopausa sofrem mudanças endócrinas que acarretam uma série de disfunções, inclusive a atenuação da resposta imune. Nesse sentido, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura que objetivou buscar ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECR) que verificassem o efeito do exercício físico na imunomodulação em mulheres pós-menopausadas. Utilizaram-se as bases de dados eletrônicas Medline/PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Lilacs e Bireme, com as seguintes palavras-chave: humans, immune system, physical activity, exercise, physical fitness, postmenopause e postmenopausal period. Utilizou-se como critério de exclusão dos títulos e resumos, os artigos que deixavam claro não tratar do efeito do exercício/atividade física sobre o sistema imune e artigos que estudaram mulheres com câncer e/ou diabetes. Foram incluídos sete artigos para análise. As intervenções duraram de seis meses a 19,9 anos, com amostras variando de 18 a 421 pessoas. Todos os estudos utilizaram o exercício aeróbio moderado como intervenção. Apenas um estudo utilizou medida subjetiva para avaliar o sistema imune, sendo que os demais estudos utilizaram medidas bioquímicas diretas. Com relação ao efeito do exercício sobre a imunomodulação, 57,1% dos ECR concluíram que o exercício físico atuou positivamente sobre o sistema imune de mulheres menopausadas e nenhum mostrou efeito negativo. A proteína C reativa e a contagem de células imunológicas foram as mais pesquisadas, com quatro estudos cada, nos quais, apenas um de cada variável mostrou associação significativa na diminuição desses parâmetros. Três estudos pesquisaram a variável interleucina-6 e dois, a amiloide A, sem demonstrar associação significativa; dos dois estudos que avaliaram imunoglobulinas, apenas um mostrou associação para o aumento da imunoglobulina A. Concluiu-se que é pouco provável que o exercício aeróbio prejudique o sistema imune de mulheres menopausadas e é necessária a realização de novos ECR que objetivem verificar as mudanças na imunomodulação dessa população e que abranjam diferentes volumes e tipos de exercício físico.

ABSTRACT Menopausal women undergo endocrine changes that cause multiple disorders, including attenuation of the immune response. In this sense, a systematic review of the literature was conducted aiming to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which had studied the effect of physical exercise on immune modulation in postmenopausal women. Electronic databases of Medline/PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Lilacs, and Bireme were used with the following keywords: humans, immune system, physical activity, exercise, physical fitness, postmenopause and postmenopausal period. The exclusion criteria for titles and abstracts were any article that clearly did not address the effect of exercise/physical activity on the immune system and those that investigated women with cancer and/or diabetes. Seven articles were included for analysis. Interventions lasted from six months to 19.9 years, with samples ranging from 18 to 421 subjects. All studies used moderate aerobic exercise as intervention. Only one study used subjective measure to evaluate the immune system and the remaining studies used direct biochemical measurements. Regarding the effect of exercise on immune modulation, 57.1% of the RCT concluded that physical exercise acted positively on immune system of menopausal women and showed no negative effect. C-reactive protein and immune cell count were the most researched variables, with four studies each, where only one in each variable was significantly associated with decrease in these parameters. Three studies investigated the variable interleukin-6 and two investigated the serum amyloid A, showing no significant association; of the two studies evaluating immunoglobulins, only one showed an association with increased immunoglobulin A. We concluded that it is no likely that aerobic exercise impairs the immune system in postmenopausal women, and is necessary to perform new RCTs to study the changes in immune modulation in this population and to address different volumes and types of exercise.

RESUMEN Las mujeres menopáusicas sufren cambios endocrinos que causan una serie de trastornos, incluyendo la atenuación de la respuesta inmune. El objetivo de este estudio fue llevar a cabo una revisión sistemática de los ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) en la literatura que han estudiado el efecto del ejercicio sobre la inmunomodulación en las mujeres posmenopáusicas. Se utilizaron las bases de datos electrónicas Medline/PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Llilacs y Bireme con las siguientes palabras clave: humans, immune system, physical activity, exercise, physical fitness, postmenopause y postmenopausal period. De acuerdo con los criterios de exclusión para los títulos y resúmenes, los artículos que no abordaran el efecto de la actividad física/ejercicio físico sobre el sistema inmunológico y los artículos que estudiaron mujeres con cáncer y/o diabetes fueron excluidos. Siete artículos se incluyeron para el análisis. Las intervenciones duraron entre seis meses y 19,9 años, con muestras desde 18 hasta 421 personas. Todos los estudios utilizaron el ejercicio aeróbico moderado como una intervención. Sólo un estudio utilizó medida subjetiva para evaluar el sistema inmune, y los estudios restantes utilizaron mediciones bioquímicas directas. En cuanto a los efectos del ejercicio sobre la inmunomodulación, 57,1% de los ECA llegó a la conclusión de que el ejercicio actuó positivamente sobre el sistema inmunológico de las mujeres menopáusicas y no hubo ningún efecto negativo. La proteína C reactiva y el recuento de células inmunes fueron los más investigados, con cuatro estudios de cada uno, en los cuales sólo uno de cada variable se asoció de manera significativa a la disminución en estos parámetros. Tres estudios investigaron la variable interleucina-6 y dos, la amiloide A, sin demostrar asociación significativa; de los dos estudios que evaluaron las inmunoglobulinas, sólo uno se asoció al aumento de la inmunoglobulina A. Se concluyó que es improbable que el ejercicio aeróbico afecte negativamente el sistema inmunológico de las mujeres menopáusicas. Es necesaria la realización de nuevos ECA que tengan como objetivo verificar los cambios en la inmunomodulación de esta población y que cubran efectos de diferentes volúmenes y tipos de ejercicio.

RESUMO O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de prolongamento da vida útil da maçã ‘Fuji’ minimamente processada aplicando os aditivos (cloreto de L-cisteína, ácido L-ascórbico e cloreto de cálcio) individuais ou combinados, e determinar o período adequado de armazenamento refrigerado do fruto inteiro para a realização do processamento mínimo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema trifatorial com três repetições. O fator A foi composto por períodos de armazenamento das maçãs inteiras, pré-processamento, em câmara fria (20, 78, 138 e 188 dias); o fator B foi representado por períodos de armazenamento pós-processamento mínimo, simulando vida de prateleira (3, 6, 9 e 12 dias) e, o fator C foi representado por aditivos químicos (água destilada, como controle; L-cisteína a 0,5%, ácido ascórbico a 1%, L-cisteína a 0,5% com cloreto de cálcio a 1%, ácido ascórbico a 1% com cloreto de cálcio a 1%). As variáveis dependentes avaliadas foram coloração da polpa (L* e hº), teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, teor de compostos fenólicos totais, capacidade antioxidante e a quantificação da polifenoloxidase. Além disso, foi analisada a presença ou não de Salmonella sp. e Escherichia coli. O prolongamento do tempo de armazenamento das maçãs ‘Fuji’ em atmosfera refrigerada promove aumento da suscetibilidade ao escurecimento e amolecimento após o processamento a partir de 78 dias de armazenamento. O uso de aditivos, no processo, contribui para evitar esses problemas, principalmente quando se combina cloreto de L-cisteína a 0,5% com cloreto de cálcio a 1%, alcançando excelente conservação em prateleira refrigerada até 6 dias. Sob o aspecto microbiológico, as maçãs minimamente processadas são toxicologicamente seguras.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability to prolong the useful life of the minimally processed ‘Fuji’ apple by applying the individual or combined additives (L-cysteine chloride, L-ascorbic acid and calcium chloride) and to determine the appropriate period of storage of the whole fruit to perform the minimum processing. The experimental design was completely randomized in three-factor design with three replications. Factor A was composed of storage periods of whole apples, pre-processing, in cold chambers (20, 78, 138 and 188 days); the factor B was represented by storage periods minimum post-processing, simulating shelf life (3, 6, 9 and 12 days), and factor C was represented by chemical additives (distilled water, as control, 0.5% L-cysteine chloride, 1% L-ascorbic acid, 0.5% L-cysteine chloride along with 1% calcium chloride and 1% L-ascorbic acid together with 1% calcium chloride). The evaluated dependent variables were pulp color (L* and hº), soluble solids, titratable acidity, content of phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and quantification of polyphenol oxidase. In addition, was analyzed the presence or absence of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli. The prolongation of the storage time of ‘Fuji’ apples in a refrigerated atmosphere promotes increased susceptibility to browning and softening after processing from 78 days of storage. The use of additives in the process, helps prevent these problems, especially when combined 0.5% L-cysteine chloride with 1% calcium chloride, achieving an excellent conservation in refrigerated shelf up to 6 days. From a microbiological aspect, minimally processed apples are toxicologically safe.

A cultura do melão se caracteriza como importante atividade na agricultura familiar; ressalta-se que a produção orgânica de frutas e hortaliças tem apresentado, no Brasil e no mundo, grande crescimento em área. Este trabalho teve, como objetivo, estudar a qualidade pós-colheita de melão cultivado em sistema orgânico. Os tratamentos orgânicos foram constituídos por adubação de base com vermicomposto bovino (dose recomendada, ½ da dose e dobro da dose) mais utilização de biofertilizante na forma pulverizada ou pulverizada e regada, além de um tratamento adicional com adubação química. A qualidade pós-colheita foi avaliada através de atributos físico-químicos e fitoquímicos. O manejo orgânico com a metade da dose de húmus recomendada mais o biofertilizante pulverizado e o manejo de adubação química produziram frutos com maiores teores de açúcares, carotenoides totais, ácido ascórbico e ácido fólico obtendo-se frutos mais equilibrados e de melhor qualidade fitoquímica. A capacidade antioxidante foi definida, sobretudo pela presença dos compostos fenólicos influenciados pelo tipo e pela dose das adubações, com superioridade nos tratamentos orgânicos com o dobro da dose de húmus.

Melon farming is characterized as an important family agriculture activity and the organic production of fruits and vegetables has shown a large growth in terms of areas in Brazil and around the world. This work aimed to study the postharvest quality of melon cultivated in an organic system. The organic treatments constituted of base fertilizer with cattle manure vermicompost (recommended dose, ½ dose and double dose) plus the use of biofertilizer (sprayed or sprayed + irrigated), and an additional treatment with chemical fertilization. The postharvest quality was evaluated through physico-chemical and phytochemical attributes. The organic management with half the recommended dose of vermicompost plus the sprayed biofertilizer and the chemical fertilization management produced fruits with higher levels of sugar, total carotenoids, ascorbic acid and folates, obtaining more balanced fruits, with a better phytochemical quality. The antioxidant capacity was defined mainly by the presence of the phenolic compounds, which were influenced by the type and the dose of the evaluated fertilizers, with superiority in the organic treatments with double the dose of cattle manure vermicompost.

O cultivo de tomateiro em sistemas fechados (com reutilização da solução drenada) é essencial para reduzir as perdas de água e nutrientes e a contaminação ambiental, mas escassas são as informações na literatura. O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito de densidades de cultivo (2,9; 3,9; 4,7; 5,9 e 7,8 plantas m-2) no crescimento, na produtividade e na qualidade de frutos de dois genótipos de tomateiro cereja ('Cereja Vermelho' e 'Flavor Top') cultivados em casca de arroz com sistema fechado de circulação da solução nutritiva. Foram avaliados a produção e partição da matéria seca de hastes, folhas e frutos; número, massa fresca média e produtividade de frutos; teor de sólidos solúveis e concentração de fitoquímicos (carotenóides, compostos fenólicos totais e capacidade antioxidante). 'Cereja Vermelho' apresentou maior alocação de fotoassimilados nos frutos, crescimento e produtividade e 'Flavor Top' apresentou maior concentração de sólidos solúveis, maior concentração de fenóis e capacidade antioxidante. O aumento da densidade de plantio reduziu o crescimento individual das plantas sem afetar a partição de matéria seca, aumentando a produtividade por unidade de área. As densidades de plantio de 5,9 e 7,8 plantas m-2 são as mais adequadas, respectivamente, para 'Cereja Vermelho' e 'Flavor Top'.

The cultivation of cherry tomato in closed substrate systems (which promote reuse of the drained solution) is fundamental in order to reduce water and fertilizer waste and environmental pollution. However, the literature background is scarce. This work aimed to establish the influence of different plant densities (2.9; 3.9; 4.7; 5.9 and 7.8 plants m-2) on growth, yield and fruit quality of two cherry tomato genotypes ('Cereja Vermelho' and 'Flavor Top') grown in rice husk closed growing system. Dry matter production and partitioning of stems, leaves and fruits; number of fruits, average weight and yield; fruit soluble solids content and phytochemicals content (carotenoids, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity) were evaluated. 'Cereja Vermelho' presented higher assimilates allocation into the fruits, higher growth and fruit yield. 'Flavor Top' presented higher soluble solids content, phenolics compounds and antioxidant capacity. The increasing of plant density decreased individual plant growth, had no effect on dry matter partitioning and increased fruit yield per square meter. The plant densities of 5.9 and 7.8 plants m-2 are the most proper for 'Cereja Vermelho' and 'Flavor Top', respectively.